Country：Japan

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Country：Japan

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Country：Japan

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Country：Japan

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Country：Japan

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Grant amount：\11180000 （ Direct Cost: \8600000 、 Indirect Cost：\2580000 ）

The Cultural Landscape, as it is a heritage concept which deals with culture and nature in an integrated manner contributing to the sustainability of our society, is an area for which policies and programs are to be developed for its protection. Among such Cultural Landscapes, agricultural lands and their landscapes are selected as the targets of the research. Selecting agricultural landscapes from those protected as UNESCO World Heritage sites, FAO GIAHS sites and other internationally recognized sites, surveys and analyses on the various points such as methods of value assessment and zoning, the range of administrative systems employed for their protection, the influences of higher agricultural policies and business, were conducted aiming at identifying issues for further consideration.

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Grant amount：\42900000 （ Direct Cost: \33000000 、 Indirect Cost：\9900000 ）

The conservation of modern industrial heritage involves many issues, such as the fact that it consists of a large number of buildings of various shapes and sizes on a vast site, and its adaptive reuse involves energy reduction and other issues. Therefore, among the many examples in Japan and abroad surveyed in this study, we found only a few examples of "diverse and attractive reuse ".
The project for the conservation and utilization of The West Cocoon Warehouse of Tomioka Silk Mill, The National Treasure, in which Dr.SAITO and other members were involved, was awarded AIJ Prize 2022 in Practical Achievement Division and Architectural Design Division. The reasons for the selection of the Award in Design Division are stated as follows. "It is groundbreaking that a new conservation concept has been shared by national and local government officials, experts, and engineers, and that it has been embodied at a high level." This award is one of the major achievements of this study.

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Grant amount：\3510000 （ Direct Cost: \2700000 、 Indirect Cost：\810000 ）

The Former Crown Prince’s Palace (Akasaka Palace) was Japan’s first Western-style palace constructed in 1909. Dr. Tokuma Katayama conducted the construction project as the head architect of the Imperial Household Ministry. The objective of this research is to understand the design process of the decoration by analyzing the documents, drawings and blueprints in the imperial household archives. The research clarified that Dr. Katayama had the concept that combines Japanese, European and American art, specifically, he used Japanese motifs such as the chrysanthemum, which is the imperial crest, and Japanese armor, into the sculptures designed by the French decorators.

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Grant amount：\12090000 （ Direct Cost: \9300000 、 Indirect Cost：\2790000 ）

The Cultural Landscape, the category which was introduced to cover natural areas influenced by human existence and its culture including such aspects as agricultural or sacred landscapes, has been developed significantly -- going beyond just a typology of heritage -- and it is now utilized in a broader context including application as a holistic heritage conservation methodology or approach expanding its area to human settlements and their livelihood /industrial landscapes. Surveys were conducted and various points at issue for further consideration were identified, from cases of developed countries dealing with the demands of economic revitalization policies to cases of developing countries coping with minorities' living areas, directed at policies to help raise their identity awareness.

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Grant amount：\41990000 （ Direct Cost: \32300000 、 Indirect Cost：\9690000 ）

The purpose of this research is to discuss authenticity both on architectural renovation projects and new projects in the historic areas of the cities in terms of cultural heritage. As the result of the research project, we found followings; the specialists, who are working for the architectural heritage in European countries, criticize that architectural language that were taken over from historic buildings are fake works. Their ideas mean that the projects in that way deceive history of the city. There are many kinds of high quality contemporary architectural works in the historic areas in these countries. On the other hand, to hire traditional architectural language of the historic area for the new projects or renovation projects in the area creates harmonious architectural language in Taiwan, China and Japan. We found that there is a big difference on idea of authenticity of the architectural design, considering to the historic environment, between the Asian and European countries.

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Grant amount：\15730000 （ Direct Cost: \12100000 、 Indirect Cost：\3630000 ）

Surveys on cultural landscapes in relation to land and sea uses were conducted and the characteristics and the points at issue for their safeguarding were identified at the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, which is on the World Heritage List and which is as well regarded internationally as having high intangible cultural heritage value. International comparative surveys were carried out on the trends and achievements in concepts and safeguarding measures for cultural landscapes by interviewing and collecting research materials in coordination with the concerned international organizations. Concluding the research, an international workshop was held aiming to grasp the overall picture and the degree of diversity on the understanding of cultural landscapes in the international sphere.

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Grant amount：\16770000 （ Direct Cost: \12900000 、 Indirect Cost：\3870000 ）

Surveys on cultural landscapes in relation to sacredness were conducted and the characteristics and the points at issue for their safeguarding were identified at Majuli island in India, Koutammakou in Togo and the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, which are all sites inscribed on the World Heritage List or listed as candidates, and which are as well regarded internationally as having high intangible cultural heritage value. International comparative surveys were carried out on the trends and achievements in concepts and safeguarding measures for cultural landscapes in relation to sacredness by interviewing and collecting research materials in coordination with the concerned international organizations.

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Grant amount：\4420000 （ Direct Cost: \3400000 、 Indirect Cost：\1020000 ）

This research shows the Japan's role of the protection of the cultural properties in the international society, through the adoption of the UNESCO's international conventions, recommendationas, and charters. Since 1950's, Japanese specialists had insisted on its original concepts internationally, and the concepts had influence on the deveopment of the international conecepts of the cultural properties. It shows us thta Japan and international society had influence each other.

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Grant amount：\12500000 （ Direct Cost: \12500000 ）

The research contributed to the objective of seeking a future direction for the protection systems of cultural landscapes through the international comparative study on the historical background of the formation of the concept of cultural landscapes, based on the different concepts and protection systems of other foreign countries and international communities and on case studies of the actual protection of cultural landscapes.
The current concept of cultural landscape has roots in the 19th-century movement for the protection of natural beauty, set against the rapid industrial development and nature-destruction in Europe and North America, and for its subsequent development the nature conservation movement that played a crucial role started after the Second World War. The current concept of the cultural landscape was formed during the new wave of environmental protection movements in the 1980's by reaffirming and merging the concept of landscape that rose from the 19th century's classical concept of nature conservation, and this concept succeeded and developed divided into two lines, forming the cultural heritage and nature conservation fields.
The concepts of cultural landscape were introduced into the heritage protection systems of many countries through the World Heritage Convention, but the interpretation of the concepts and the actual operation systems for their protection differ from country to country, reflecting the differences among the cultural backgrounds in each individual case. In particular, as for North American or the Pacific countries the protection systems for cultural landscapes have strong connection to the protection and promotion policies for first nations or minorities, as for European countries the emphasis is laid on the contribution to the policies of economical promotion, in particular for agricultural industries. In general the protection of cultural landscapes is expected in many countries as part of their contribution to land protection policies as well as local economical development policies.

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Grant amount：\1800000 （ Direct Cost: \1800000 ）

本研究は、日本の文化財保存分野における国際参加・貢献がどのような理念のもとにおこなわれてきたのか、それが他国からはどのように理解されてきたのかについて明らかにすることを目的としている。特に国際条約・憲章といった国際協力のためのシステムが、どのような文化財保存理念のもとに構築されたかを、その成立経緯から考察するとともに、その理念構築に日本が果たした役割についても明らかにするものである。
本年は、ユネスコの最初の文化財保存に関する国際条約である「武力紛争の際の文化財保護のための条約(1954年5月14日採択、通称ハーグ条約)」について、条約成立後の日本の国内法の作成活動、またそれらに見られる当時の日本の文化財概念についても明らかにした。
資料としては、東京文化財研究所の関野克資料を用いる他、パリのユネスコ本部アーカイブ所蔵の資料、博物館明治村館長飯田喜四郎氏所蔵の資料を用いた。関野克資料には、条約批准の準備の中で作成された国内法の案や、日本に条約を導入するための問題点をまとめた報告書など、貴重な資料が多く含まれている。また、当時の関係者からのヒアリング、新聞、雑誌等の記事も収集をおこなった。
これらの分析により、条約批准のために準備された国内法の案は、国際的な視野に立ち、当時の文化財保護法の枠組みを越える保護対象を定め、積極的な保護計画を策定した国内法であったこと、関野克は各国の事例や戦時下の被害状況を研究した上で、日本独自の問題を考慮した国内法を作成しようとしたこと、日本が条約作成時に主張したものの実現しなかった京都と奈良を都市全体として保護する問題については、採択された条約の条件下で実現するための具体的な計画がなされていたこと、を明らかにした。
これらの成果を日本建築学会大会学術講演会において発表し、昨年までの成果をまとめたものを日本建築学会論文報告集に投稿し採用された。

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