Updated on 2025/09/30

写真a

 
ANRAKU YASUTAKA
 
Organization
School of Materials and Chemical Technology Associate Professor
Title
Associate Professor
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Research Interests

  • Inorganic materials

Research Areas

  • Nanotechnology/Materials / Composite materials and interfaces

  • Nanotechnology/Materials / Polymer materials

Research History

  • 東京大学大学院   工学系研究科バイオエンジニアリング専攻   特任准教授

    2018.11

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Papers

  • Triphenylphosphonium-modified catiomers enhance in vivo mRNA delivery through stabilized polyion complexation. International journal

    Jumpei Norimatsu, Hayato L Mizuno, Takayoshi Watanabe, Takumi Obara, Makoto Nakakido, Kouhei Tsumoto, Horacio Cabral, Daisuke Kuroda, Yasutaka Anraku

    Materials horizons   2024.7

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    Nanocarriers based on cationic materials play a central role in the success of mRNA-based therapies. Traditionally, amine-bearing lipids and polymers have been successfully employed for creating mRNA-loaded nanocarriers, though they still present challenges, such as physical and biological instability, limiting both delivery efficiency and therapeutic potential. Non-amine cations could be a promising avenue in addressing these limitations. However, such alternatives remain notably underexplored. Herein, we introduced triphenylphosphonium (TPP) as an alternative cationic moiety for mRNA delivery, leveraging its advantageous properties for nucleic acid complexation. Through the modification of amine-bearing catiomers, we replaced traditional amine-based counterparts with TPP to create innovative polymeric micelles as mRNA nanocarriers. A comprehensive analysis, encompassing physicochemical, thermodynamic, and computational approaches, revealed that the TPP substitution significantly influenced polymer self-assembly, mRNA binding, and the overall stability of mRNA-loaded polymeric micelles. Upon intravenous injection, TPP-bearing micelles demonstrated a remarkable increase in mRNA bioavailability, facilitating efficient protein production in solid tumors. These findings provide a compelling rationale for substituting amines with TPP, emphasizing their potential for advancing mRNA therapeutics.

    DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00325j

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  • Site preference and local structural stability of Bi(III) substitution in hydroxyapatite using first-principles simulations. International journal

    Gerardo Martin Quindoza, Yasuhiro Nakagawa, Hayato Laurence Mizuno, Yasutaka Anraku, Richard Espiritu, Toshiyuki Ikoma

    Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP   26 ( 19 )   14277 - 14287   2024.5

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    Bismuth (Bi(III)) substitution in hydroxyapatite (HAp) lattice confers unique properties such as antibacterial, catalytic, radiosensitization, and conductive properties while preserving the innate bioactivity. Understanding the local structural changes upon Bi3+ substitution is essential for controlling the stability and optimizing the properties of HAp. Despite numerous experimental studies, the precise substitution behaviors, such as site preference and structural stability, remain incompletely understood. In this study, the substitution behavior of Bi(III) into the HAp lattice with formula of Ca9Bi(PO4)6(O)(OH) was investigated via first-principles simulation by implementing density functional theory. Energy calculations showed that Bi3+ preferentially occupies the Ca(2) site with an energy difference of ∼0.02 eV per atom. Local structure analysis revealed higher bond population values and an oxygen coordination shift from 7 to 6 for the Ca(2) site, attributed to the greater covalent interactions and its flexible environment accommodating the bulky Bi3+ ion and its stereochemically active lone pair. This work provides the first comprehensive investigation on Bi3+ ion substitution site preference in HAp using first-principles simulations.

    DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00864b

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  • Polyion complex vesicles containing viscosity enhancer for sustained release of water-soluble low-molecular-weight drugs

    Akinori Goto, Yasutaka Anraku, Shigeto Fukushima, Akihiro Kishimura

    Chemistry Letters   53 ( 5 )   2024.5

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Oxford University Press (OUP)  

    Abstract

    Polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) possess several features that render them as suitable for drug delivery systems. However, retaining water-soluble low-molecular-weight compounds (WLMWCs) remains challenging because of the high permeability of their vesicular membranes. Herein, we propose a new approach for prolonged retention and sustained release of WLMWCs from PICsomes by loading hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to increase the viscosity of the inner aqueous phase. The PICsomes retained 2% to 4% of the WLMWCs, and 100% of the WLMWCs were released within 96 h according to first-order kinetics.

    DOI: 10.1093/chemle/upae070

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  • [Development of a nanomachine for efficient drug delivery to the brain].

    Hayato Laurence Mizuno, Yasutaka Anraku

    Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica   159 ( 5 )   305 - 310   2024

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    Recently, bottom-up technologies, in particular the utilization of self-assembly of functional polymers to form nanostructures in solutions have been collecting attention. These technologies are being explored for various applications, especially for usage in therapeutics. One of the goals of such studies is to develop a drug delivery system (DDS) that delivers bioactive substances to specific targets within our body, eliciting the desired functionality. The authors have been developing "nanomachines" using biocompatible polymers to safely and efficiently deliver drugs mainly to tumors. The aim of this study is to utilize our expertise in designing a nanomachine to develop a cutting-edge nanomachine that can efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs to the brain parenchyma. Furthermore, leveraging this "nanomachine" technology, the authors are advancing the "Hayabusa Nanomachine," which can non-invasively collect and detect brain molecules, correlating them with various biological processes, ultimately leading to a better understanding of brain function and diseases. This paper also introduces the concept and ongoing efforts to the development of "Hayabusa Nanomachines," which have the potential to revolutionize existing approaches in this field.

    DOI: 10.1254/fpj.23042

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  • Adsorption of L-buthionine sulfoximine on Bi(III) and Eu(III) co-substituted hydroxyapatite nanocrystals for enhancing radiosensitization effects

    Gerardo Martin Quindoza, Yasuhiro Nakagawa, Yasutaka Anraku, Toshiyuki Ikoma

    Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces   228   2023.8

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113403

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  • Multi-Armed Star-Shaped Block Copolymers of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(furfuryl glycidol) as Long Circulating Nanocarriers

    Yasuhiro NAKAGAWA, Kotaro Ushidome, Keita MASUDA, Kazunori Igarashi, Yu Matsumoto, Tatsuya Yamasoba, Yasutaka Anraku, Madoka Takai, Horacio Cabral

    Polymers   2023.6

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    DOI: 10.3390/polym15122626

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  • Ligand Installation to Polymeric Micelles for Pediatric Brain Tumor Targeting. International journal

    Takayoshi Watanabe, Hayato Laurence Mizuno, Jumpei Norimatsu, Takumi Obara, Horacio Cabral, Kouhei Tsumoto, Makoto Nakakido, Daisuke Kawauchi, Yasutaka Anraku

    Polymers   15 ( 7 )   2023.4

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    Medulloblastoma is a life-threatening disease with poor therapeutic outcomes. In chemotherapy, low drug accumulation has been a cause of these outcomes. Such inadequate response to treatments has been associated with low drug accumulation, particularly with a limited cellular uptake of drugs. Recently, the conjugation of drugs to ligand molecules with high affinity to tumor cells has attracted much attention for enhancing drug internalization into target cells. Moreover, combining tumor-targeting ligands with nano-scaled drug carriers can potentially improve drug loading capacity and the versatility of the delivery. Herein, we focused on the possibility of targeting CD276/B7-H3, which is highly expressed on the medulloblastoma cell membrane, as a strategy for enhancing the cellular uptake of ligand-installed nanocarriers. Thus, anti-CD276 antibodies were conjugated on the surface of model nanocarriers based on polyion complex micelles (PIC/m) via click chemistry. The results showed that the anti-CD276 antibody-installed PIC/m improved intracellular delivery into CD276-expressing medulloblastoma cells in a CD276-dependent manner. Moreover, increasing the number of antibodies on the surface of micelles improved the cellular uptake efficiency. These observations indicate the potential of anti-CD276 antibody-installed nanocarriers for promoting drug delivery in medulloblastoma.

    DOI: 10.3390/polym15071808

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  • Endocytosis-Like Vesicle Fission Mediated by a Membrane-Expanding Molecular Machine Enables Virus Encapsulation for In Vivo Delivery

    Noriyuki Uchida, Yunosuke Ryu, Yuichiro Takagi, Ken Yoshizawa, Kotono Suzuki, Yasutaka Anraku, Itsuki Ajioka, Naofumi Shimokawa, Masahiro Takagi, Norihisa Hoshino, Tomoyuki Akutagawa, Teruhiko Matsubara, Toshinori Sato, Yuji Higuchi, Hiroaki Ito, Masamune Morita, Takahiro Muraoka

    Journal of the American Chemical Society   145 ( 11 )   6210 - 6220   2023.3

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    DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12348

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  • Increased Enzyme Loading in PICsomes via Controlling Membrane Permeability Improves Enzyme Prodrug Cancer Therapy Outcome

    Akinori Goto, Yasutaka Anraku, Shigeto Fukushima, Akihiro Kishimura

    POLYMERS   15 ( 6 )   2023.3

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    DOI: 10.3390/polym15061368

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  • Peripheral administration of nanomicelle-encapsulated anti-Aβ oligomer fragment antibody reduces various toxic Aβ species in the brain. International journal

    Akiko Amano, Nobuo Sanjo, Wataru Araki, Yasutaka Anraku, Makoto Nakakido, Etsuro Matsubara, Takami Tomiyama, Tetsuya Nagata, Kouhei Tsumoto, Kazunori Kataoka, Takanori Yokota

    Journal of nanobiotechnology   21 ( 1 )   36 - 36   2023.1

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    BACKGROUND: Although a large amount of evidence has revealed that amyloid β (Aβ), especially Aβ oligomers, protofibrils, and pyroglutamated Aβs, participate primarily in the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease, most clinical trials of anti-Aβ antibody therapy have never acquired successful efficacy in human clinical trials, partly because peripheral administration of antibody medications was unable to deliver sufficient amounts of the molecules to the brain. Recently, we developed polymeric nanomicelles capable of passing through the blood-brain barrier that function as chaperones to deliver larger amounts of heavy molecules to the brain. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed antibody 6H4 fragments specific to Aβ oligomers encapsulated in polymeric nanomicelles on the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology in Alzheimer's disease model mice at the age of emergence of early Alzheimer's disease pathology. RESULTS: During the 10-week administration of 6H4 antibody fragments in polymeric nanomicelles, a significant reduction in the amounts of various toxic Aβ species, such as Aβ oligomers, toxic Aβ conformers, and pyroglutamated Aβs in the brain was observed. In addition, immunohistochemistry indicated inhibition of diameters of Aβ plaques, Aβ-antibody immunoreactive areas, and also plaque core formation. Behavioral analysis of the mice model revealed that the 6H4 fragments-polymeric nanomicelle group was significantly better at maintaining long-term spatial reference memory in the probe and platform tests of the water maze, thereby indicating inhibition of the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the strategy of reducing toxic Aβ species in early dementia owing to Alzheimer's disease by providing sufficient antibodies in the brain may modify Alzheimer's disease progression.

    DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01772-y

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  • Effect of PEGylation on the Drug Release Performance and Hemocompatibility of Photoresponsive Drug-Loading Platform

    Hayato L. Mizuno, Yasutaka Anraku, Ichiro Sakuma, Yuki Akagi

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES   23 ( 12 )   2022.6

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    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126686

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  • Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures of valinomycin as cancer targeted prodrugs

    Yoshihiro Tachihara, Yasuhiro Nakagawa, Takuya Miyazaki, Yasutaka Anraku, Horacio Cabral

    Nano Select   2022.4

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100368

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    Other Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/nano.202100368

  • Stabilization of bicelles using metal-binding peptide for extended blood circulation

    Yuichiro Takagi, Noriyuki Uchida, Yasutaka Anraku, Takahiro Muraoka

    CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS   58 ( 33 )   5164 - 5167   2022.4

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    DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01058e

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  • Conjugation of glucosylated polymer chains to checkpoint blockade antibodies augments their efficacy and specificity for glioblastoma

    Tao Yang, Yuki Mochida, Xueying Liu, Hang Zhou, Jinbing Xie, Yasutaka Anraku, Hiroaki Kinoh, Horacio Cabral, Kazunori Kataoka

    Nature Biomedical Engineering   2021.10

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00803-z

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    Other Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-021-00803-z

  • Enzymatically Transformable Polymersome‐Based Nanotherapeutics to Eliminate Minimal Relapsable Cancer

    Junjie Li, Zhishen Ge, Kazuko Toh, Xueying Liu, Anjaneyulu Dirisala, Wendong Ke, Panyue Wen, Hang Zhou, Zheng Wang, Shiyan Xiao, Joachim F. R. Van Guyse, Theofilus A. Tockary, Jinbing Xie, Daniel Gonzalez‐Carter, Hiroaki Kinoh, Satoshi Uchida, Yasutaka Anraku, Kazunori Kataoka

    Advanced Materials   2105254 - 2105254   2021.10

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105254

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    Other Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/adma.202105254

  • ナノミセル内包型抗Aβオリゴマー抗体によるアルツハイマー病態改善効果

    天野 晶子, 三條 伸夫, 安楽 泰孝, 中木戸 誠, 松原 悦朗, 永田 哲也, 西田 陽一郎, 荒木 亘, 津本 浩平, 片岡 一則, 横田 隆徳

    Dementia Japan   35 ( 4 )   660 - 660   2021.10

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  • Vascular Bursts Act as a Versatile Tumor Vessel Permeation Route for Blood-Borne Particles and Cells. International journal

    Kazunori Igarashi, Horacio Cabral, Taehun Hong, Yasutaka Anraku, Fotios Mpekris, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Thahomina Khan, Akira Matsumoto, Kazunori Kataoka, Yu Matsumoto, Tatsuya Yamasoba

    Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)   e2103751   2021.9

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    Dynamic bursting in tumor vasculature has recently sparked interest as a novel particle transportation route for drug delivery. These bursts facilitate the transport of sub-100 nm nanoparticles into tumors, though their contribution on the access of other blood-borne particles remains unknown. To evaluate the versatility of this phenomenon, the in vivo kinetics of a variety of intravenously injected particles and their penetration in tumor xenografts and allografts are compared. Dextran, polymeric micelles, liposomes, and polymeric vesicles with diameters ranging from 32 to 302 nm are found to colocalize in virtually all vascular bursts. By mathematical modeling, the burst vent size is estimated to be 625 nm or larger, indicating the dynamic and stochastic formation of large permeation routes in tumor vasculature. Furthermore, some burst vents are found to be µm-sized, allowing the transport of 1 µm microspheres. Moreover, antibody drugs and platelets are capable of utilizing vascular burst transportation, demonstrating the application of this phenomenon to other types of therapeutics and cellular components. These findings indicate the vast potential of vascular bursts, extending the biological and therapeutic significance of this phenomenon to a wide range of blood-borne particles and cells.

    DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103751

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  • Phosphorylcholine-Installed Nanocarriers Target Pancreatic Cancer Cells through the Phospholipid Transfer Protein

    Taehun Hong, Takuya Miyazaki, Akira Matsumoto, Kyoko Koji, Yuji Miyahara, Yasutaka Anraku, Horacio Cabral

    ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering   7 ( 9 )   4439 - 4445   2021.9

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00730

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  • Vascular Bursts Act as a Versatile Tumor Vessel Permeation Route for Blood-Borne Particles and Cells

    Kazunori Igarashi, Horacio Cabral, Taehun Hong, Yasutaka Anraku, Fotios Mpekris, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Thahomina Khan, Akira Matsumoto, Kazunori Kataoka, Yu Matsumoto, Tatsuya Yamasoba

    SMALL   2021.9

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    DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103751

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  • Design of a photocleavable drug binding platform for a novel remotely controllable drug coated balloon

    Hayato Laurence Mizuno, Yasutaka Anraku, Ichiro Sakuma, Yuki Akagi

    JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   62   2021.4

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102375

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  • Vascular Bursts Act as a Versatile Tumor Vessel Permeation Route for Blood-Borne Particles and Cells

    Kazunori Igarashi, Horacio Cabral, Taehun Hong, Yasutaka Anraku, Fotios Mpekris, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Thahomina Khan, Akira Matsumoto, Kazunori Kataoka, Yu Matsumoto, Tatsuya Yamasoba

    Small   2021

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    DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103751

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  • Effect of Mixing Ratio of Oppositely Charged Block Copolymers on Polyion Complex Micelles for In Vivo Application

    Noriko Nakamura, Yuki Mochida, Kazuko Toh, Shigeto Fukushima, Horacio Cabral, Yasutaka Anraku

    Polymers   13 ( 1 )   5 - 5   2020.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MDPI AG  

    Self-assembled supramolecular structures based on polyion complex (PIC) formation between oppositely charged polymers are attracting much attention for developing drug delivery systems able to endure harsh in vivo environments. As controlling polymer complexation provides an opportunity for engineering the assemblies, an improved understanding of the PIC formation will allow constructing assemblies with enhanced structural and functional capabilities. Here, we focused on the influence of the mixing charge ratio between block aniomers and catiomers on the physicochemical characteristics and in vivo biological performance of the resulting PIC micelles (PIC/m). Our results showed that by changing the mixing charge ratio, the structural state of the core was altered despite the sizes of PIC/m remaining almost the same. These structural variations greatly affected the stability of the PIC/m in the bloodstream after intravenous injection and determined their biodistribution.

    DOI: 10.3390/polym13010005

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  • Noncovalent Stabilization of Vesicular Polyion Complexes with Chemically Modified/Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides and PEG-b-guanidinylated Polypeptides for Intracavity Encapsulation of Effector Enzymes Aimed at Cooperative Gene Knockdown

    Beob Soo Kim, Mitsuru Naito, Hiroyuki Chaya, Mao Hori, Kotaro Hayashi, Hyun Su Min, Yu Yi, Hyun Jin Kim, Tetsuya Nagata, Yasutaka Anraku, Akihiro Kishimura, Kazunori Kataoka, Kanjiro Miyata

    Biomacromolecules   21 ( 10 )   4365 - 4376   2020.10

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:American Chemical Society (ACS)  

    DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01192

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  • Blood-brain barrier-penetrating siRNA nanomedicine for Alzheimer's disease therapy

    Zhou, Y., Zhu, F., Liu, Y., Zheng, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Anraku, Y., Zou, Y., Li, J., Wu, H., Pang, X., Tao, W., Shimoni, O., Bush, A.I., Xue, X., Shi, B.

    Science Advances   6 ( 41 )   2020.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:American Association for the Advancement of Science ({AAAS})  

    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7031

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  • Targeting nanoparticles to the brain by exploiting the blood–brain barrier impermeability to selectively label the brain endothelium

    Daniel Gonzalez-Carter, Xueying Liu, Theofilus A. Tockary, Anjaneyulu Dirisala, Kazuko Toh, Yasutaka Anraku, Kazunori Kataoka

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences   117 ( 32 )   19141 - 19150   2020.8

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    Current strategies to direct therapy-loaded nanoparticles to the brain rely on functionalizing nanoparticles with ligands which bind target proteins associated with the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, such strategies have significant brain-specificity limitations, as target proteins are not exclusively expressed at the brain microvasculature. Therefore, novel strategies which exploit alternative characteristics of the BBB are required to overcome nonspecific nanoparticle targeting to the periphery, thereby increasing drug efficacy and reducing detrimental peripheral side effects. Here, we present a simple, yet counterintuitive, brain-targeting strategy which exploits the higher impermeability of the BBB to selectively label the brain endothelium. This is achieved by harnessing the lower endocytic rate of brain endothelial cells (a key feature of the high BBB impermeability) to promote selective retention of free, unconjugated protein-binding ligands on the surface of brain endothelial cells compared to peripheral endothelial cells. Nanoparticles capable of efficiently binding to the displayed ligands (i.e., labeled endothelium) are consequently targeted specifically to the brain microvasculature with minimal “off-target” accumulation in peripheral organs. This approach therefore revolutionizes brain-targeting strategies by implementing a two-step targeting method which exploits the physiology of the BBB to generate the required brain specificity for nanoparticle delivery, paving the way to overcome targeting limitations and achieve clinical translation of neurological therapies. In addition, this work demonstrates that protein targets for brain delivery may be identified based not on differential tissue expression, but on differential endocytic rates between the brain and periphery.

    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002016117

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    Other Link: https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1073/pnas.2002016117

  • Self‐Boosting Catalytic Nanoreactors Integrated with Triggerable Crosslinking Membrane Networks for Initiation of Immunogenic Cell Death by Pyroptosis

    Junjie Li, Yasutaka Anraku, Kazunori Kataoka

    Angewandte Chemie International Edition   59 ( 32 )   13526 - 13530   2020.8

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004180

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    Other Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/anie.202004180

  • 「スマートナノマシン」とは

    Yasutaka Anraku

    Depression Journal   2020.8

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  • Dual-Sensitive Nanomicelles Enhancing Systemic Delivery of Therapeutically Active Antibodies Specifically into the Brain Reviewed

    Jinbing Xie, Daniel Gonzalez-Carter, Theofilus A. Tockary, Noriko Nakamura, Yonger Xue, Makoto Nakakido, Hiroki Akiba, Anjaneyulu Dirisala, Xueying Liu, Kazuko Toh, Tao Yang, Zengtao Wang, Shigeto Fukushima, Junjie Li, Sabina Quader, Kouhei Tsumoto, Takanori Yokota, Yasutaka Anraku, Kazunori Kataoka

    ACS Nano   14 ( 6 )   6729 - 6742   2020.5

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    DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09991

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  • Relationship between Bulk Physicochemical Properties and Surface Wettability of Hydrogels with Homogeneous Network Structure

    Hayato L. Mizuno, Eiki Tan, Yasutaka Anraku, Takamasa Sakai, Ichiro Sakuma, Yuki Akagi

    LANGMUIR   36 ( 20 )   5554 - 5562   2020.5

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    DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00694

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  • Systemic Brain Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides across the Blood-Brain Barrier with a Glucose-Coated Polymeric Nanocarrier. Reviewed International journal

    Hyun Su Min, Hyun Jin Kim, Mitsuru Naito, Satomi Ogura, Kazuko Toh, Kotaro Hayashi, Beob Soo Kim, Shigeto Fukushima, Yasutaka Anraku, Kanjiro Miyata, Kazunori Kataoka

    Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)   59 ( 21 )   8173 - 8180   2020.1

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    Current antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders are performed through invasive administration, thereby placing a major burden on patients. To alleviate this burden, we herein report systemic ASO delivery to the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier using glycemic control as an external trigger. Glucose-coated polymeric nanocarriers, which can be bound by glucose transporter-1 expressed on the brain capillary endothelial cells, are designed for stable encapsulation of ASOs, with a particle size of about 45 nm and an adequate glucose-ligand density. The optimized nanocarrier efficiently accumulates in the brain tissue 1 h after intravenous administration and exhibits significant knockdown of a target long non-coding RNA in various brain regions, including the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These results demonstrate that the glucose-modified polymeric nanocarriers enable noninvasive ASO administration to the brain for the treatment of CNS disorders.

    DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914751

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  • Nanomaterial-based blood-brain-barrier (BBB) crossing strategies

    Jinbing Xie, Zheyu Shen, Yasutaka Anraku, Kazunori Kataoka, Xiaoyuan Chen

    Biomaterials   224   119491 - 119491   2019.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119491

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  • Development of innovative therapeutic techniques for intractable central nerve system disease

    Yasutaka Anraku

    Drug Delivery System   34 ( 3 )   216 - 217   2019.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Japan Society of Drug Delivery System  

    DOI: 10.2745/dds.34.216

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  • Glucose transporter 1-mediated vascular translocation of nanomedicines enhances accumulation and efficacy in solid tumors Reviewed

    Kazumi Suzuki, Yutaka Miura, Yuki Mochida, Takuya Miyazaki, Kazuko Toh, Yasutaka Anraku, Vinicio Melo, Xueying Liu, Takehiko Ishii, Osamu Nagano, Hideyuki Saya, Horacio Cabral, Kazunori Kataoka

    JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE   301 ( 10 )   28 - 41   2019.5

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.021

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  • Self-assembly of siRNA/PEG-b-catiomer at integer molar ratio into 100 nm-sized vesicular polyion complexes (siRNAsomes) for RNAi and codelivery of cargo macromolecules Reviewed International journal

    B. -S. Kim, S. Chuanoi, T. Suma, Y. Anraku, K. Hayashi, M. Naito, H. -J. Kim, I. C. Kwon, K. Miyata, A. Kishimura, K. Kataoka

    Journal of the American Chemical Society   141 ( Issue8 )   3699 - 3709   2019.3

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    Vesicular polyion complexes (PICs) were fabricated through self-assembly of rigid cylindrical molecules, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), with flexible block catiomers of poly(ethylene glycol) (2 kDa) and cationic polyaspartamide derivative (70 units) bearing a 5-aminopentyl side chain. 100 nm-sized siRNA-assembled vesicular PICs, termed siRNAsomes, were fabricated in specific mixing ranges between siRNA and block catiomer. The siRNAsome membrane was revealed to consist of PIC units fulfilling a simple molar ratio (1:2 or 2:3) of block catiomer and siRNA. These ratios correspond to the minimal integer molar ratio to maximally compensate the charge imbalance of PIC, because the numbers of charges per block catiomer and siRNA are +70 and -40, respectively. Accordingly, the ζ-potentials of siRNAsomes prepared at 1:2 and 2:3 were negative and positive, respectively. Cross-section transmission electron microscopic observation clarified that the membrane thicknesses of 1:2 and 2:3 siRNAsomes were 11.0 and 17.2 nm, respectively. Considering that a calculated long-axial length of siRNA is 5.9 nm, these thickness values correspond to the membrane models of two (11.8 nm) and three (17.7 nm) tandemly aligned siRNAs associating with one and two block catiomers, respectively. For biological application, siRNAsomes were stabilized through membrane-cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The positively charged and cross-linked siRNAsome facilitated siRNA internalization into cultured cancer cells, eliciting significant gene silencing with negligible cytotoxicity. The siRNAsome stably encapsulated dextran as a model cargo macromolecule in the cavity by simple vortex mixing. Confocal laser scanning microscopic observation displayed that both of the payloads were internalized together into cultured cells. These results demonstrate the potential of siRNAsomes as a versatile platform for codelivery of siRNA with other cargo macromolecules.

    DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13641

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  • Therapeutic polymersome nanoreactors with tumor-specific activable cascade reactions for cooperative cancer therapy Reviewed International journal

    W. Ke, J. Li, F. Mohammed, Y. Wang, K. Tou, X. Liu, P. Wen, H. Kinoh, Y. Anraku, H. Chen, K. Kataoka

    ACS Nano   13 ( Issue 2 )   2357 - 2369   2019.2

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    Therapeutic nanoreactors are of increasing interest in precise cancer therapy, which have been explored to in situ produce therapeutic compounds from inert prodrugs or intrinsic molecules at the target sites. However, engineering a nanoreactor with tumor activable cascade reactions for efficient cooperative cancer therapy remains a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a polymersome nanoreactor with tumor acidity-responsive membrane permeability to activate cascade reactions for orchestrated cooperative cancer treatment. The nanoreactors are constructed from responsive polyprodrug polymersomes incorporating ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles and glucose oxidase in the membranes and inner aqueous cavities, respectively. The cascade reactions including glucose consumption to generate H2O2, accelerated iron ion release, Fenton reaction between H2O2 and iron ion to produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and •OH-triggered rapid release of parent drugs can be specifically activated by the tumor acidity-responsive membrane permeability. During this process, the orchestrated cooperative cancer therapy including starving therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy is realized for high-efficiency tumor suppression by the in situ consumed and produced compounds. The nanoreactor design with tumor-activable cascade reactions represents an insightful paradigm for precise cooperative cancer therapy.

    DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09082

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  • Apoptotic Cell-Inspired Polymeric Particles for Controlling Microglial Inflammation toward Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment Reviewed International journal

    Nakagawa Yasuhiro, Yano Yuto, Lee Jeonggyu, Anraku Yasutaka, Nakakido Makoto, Tsumoto Kouhei, Cabral Horacio, Ebara Mitsuhiro

    ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering   0 ( 0 )   null - 5713   2019.1

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    Apoptotic cells are known to suppress microglial inflammation in the brain by presenting phosphatidylserine. In this study, we newly designed polymeric particles that expose the anti-inflammatory site of phosphatidylserine to serve as an apoptotic cell-mimetic anti-inflammatory platform. The prepared anti-inflammatory particles showed no cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 against lipopolysaccharide stimulation in the microglia cell line MG6. This novel polymeric particle has potential for establishing a "cell-free" apoptotic cell-mimetic treatment for intracerebral inflammation.

    DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01510

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  • 狭窄部位への高効率な薬剤送達を可能にする光応答性薬剤担持型バルーンコーティング法の開発

    Yasutaka Anraku

    生体医工学   2019

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.11239/jsmbe.Annual57.S138_1

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  • 恩師の言葉を糧に自分の道を切り拓く

    Yasutaka Anraku

    JSTnews   2019

  • アルツハイマー病発症メカニズムと新規診断法・創薬・治療開発

    Yasutaka Anraku

    2018.9

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  • MOLECULAR IMAGING AND TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BY DEVELOPING AMYLOID-β OLIGOMER ANTIBODIES THAT CROSS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

    Nobuo Sanjo, Hiroya Kuwahara, Tetsuya Nagata, Yoichiro Nishida, Akiko Amano, Fumiko Furukawa, Kousei Hirata, Hiroyuki Maruoka, Makoto Nakakido, Tsumoto Kohei, Yasutaka Anraku, Kazunori Kataoka, Ichio Aoki, Etsuro Matsubara, Takami Tomiyama, Takanori Yokota

    Alzheimer's & Dementia   14 ( 7S{\_}Part{\_}12 )   P687 - P687   2018.7

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.739

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  • Glycemic Control Boosts Glucosylated Nanocarrier Crossing the BBB into the Brain

    Kuwahara, Hiroya, Anraku, Yasutaka, Kataoka, Kazunori, Yokota, Takanori

    Neurology   90 ( 15 Supplement )   2018

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology  

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  • Glycaemic control boosts glucosylated nanocarrier crossing the BBB into the brain Reviewed

    Y. Anraku, H. Kuwahara, Y. Fukusato, A. Mizoguchi, T. Ishii, K. Nitta, Y. Matsumoto, K. Toh, K. Miyata, S. Uchida, K. Nishina, K. Osada, K. Itaka, N. Nishiyama, H. Mizusawa, T. Yamasoba, T. Yokota, K. Kataoka

    Nature Communications   8 ( 1 )   Online Only   2017.12

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    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00952-3

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  • Therapeutic Vesicular Nanoreactors with Tumor‐Specific Activation and Self‐Destruction for Synergistic Tumor Ablation

    Junjie Li, Anjaneyulu Dirisala, Zhishen Ge, Yuheng Wang, Wei Yin, Wendong Ke, Kazuko Toh, Jinbing Xie, Yu Matsumoto, Yasutaka Anraku, Kensuke Osada, Kazunori Kataoka

    Angewandte Chemie   129 ( 45 )   14213 - 14218   2017.11

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706964

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    Other Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ange.201706964

  • CSJカレントレビュー 26巻分子マシンの科学

    Yasutaka Anraku

    Chapter 18: 疾患部位で薬を『つくる』ナノマシンの構築   2017.8

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  • Systemically Injectable Enzyme‐Loaded Polyion Complex Vesicles as In Vivo Nanoreactors Functioning in Tumors Reviewed

    Yasutaka Anraku, Akihiro Kishimura, Mako Kamiya, Sayaka Tanaka, Takahiro Nomoto, Kazuko Toh, Yu Matsumoto, Shigeto Fukushima, Daiki Sueyoshi, Mitsunobu R. Kano, Yasuteru Urano, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kazunori Kataoka

    Angewandte Chemie   128 ( 2 )   570 - 575   2016.1

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    DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508339

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  • 腫瘍でくすりを作る"酵素封入型PICsomeの機能評価"

    安楽 泰孝, Xiao Ling, Cabral Horacio, 末吉 大輝, 福島 重人, 松本 有, 藤 加珠子, 神谷 真子, 浦野 泰照, 岸村 顕広, 西山 伸宏, 片岡 一則

    日本バイオマテリアル学会大会予稿集   36回   205 - 205   2014.11

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  • Metallosomes as bioactive polymersomes formed by supramolecular assembly of block copolymer-metal complexation Reviewed

    Osada Kensuke, Cabral Horacio, Mochida Yuki, Anraku Yasutaka, Kishimura Akihiro, Nishiyama Nobuhiro, Kataoka Kazunori

    ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY   248   2014.8

  • Erratum: SPIO-PICsome: Development of a highly sensitive and stealth-capable MRI nano-agent for tumor detection using SPIO-loaded unilamellar polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) (Journal of Controlled Release (2013) 169 (220-227)) Reviewed

    Daisuke Kokuryo, Yasutaka Anraku, Akihiro Kishimura, Sayaka Tanaka, Mitsunobu R. Kano, Jeff Kershaw, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Tsuneo Saga, Ichio Aoki, Kazunori Kataoka

    Journal of Controlled Release   178 ( 1 )   125   2014.3

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.021

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  • SPIO-loaded unilamellar polyion complex vesicles (SPIO-Cy5-PICsomes) as a high relaxivity contrast agent for tumor detection Reviewed

    D. Kokuryo, Y. Anraku, A. Kishimura, M. R Kano, S. Tanaka, T. Saga, I. Aoki, K. Kataoka

    Proc. 21th ISMRM Scientific Meeting and Exhibition   1869 - 1869   2013.4

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  • たんぱく質吸着抑制に対するPoly(MPC)のグラフト密度と鎖長効果

    Yasutaka Anraku

    高分子   2006.3

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MISC

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Awards

  • 東京大学工学系研究科 木村克研究奨励賞

    2019.4   東京大学  

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  • 東京大学工学系研究科 研究科長表彰

    2019.4   東京大学  

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Research Projects

  • Development of polymeric micelles that continuously produce therapeutic enzymes in the brain and their application to the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases

    Grant number:23K18558  2023.6 - 2025.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

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    Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct Cost: \5000000 、 Indirect Cost:\1500000 )

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  • 脳内神経細胞への抗体医薬送達を実現するtransfer DDSの創出

    Grant number:23H00545  2023.4 - 2026.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(A)

    安楽 泰孝, 劉 学瑩, 出口 芳春

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    Grant amount:\47190000 ( Direct Cost: \36300000 、 Indirect Cost:\10890000 )

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  • Innovative nanotechnology for probing molecular landscapes in the brain

    Grant number:21B204  2021.8 - 2024.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (B)

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  • 脳分子を回収して帰還する「はやぶさ型ナノマシン」の開発

    Grant number:21H05090  2021.8 - 2024.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 学術変革領域研究(B)  学術変革領域研究(B)

    安楽 泰孝

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    Grant amount:\48490000 ( Direct Cost: \37300000 、 Indirect Cost:\11190000 )

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  • Innovative nanotechnology for probing molecular landscapes in the brain

    Grant number:21H05089  2021.8 - 2024.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (B)  Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (B)

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    Grant amount:\6760000 ( Direct Cost: \5200000 、 Indirect Cost:\1560000 )

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  • Transporting drugs across the blood-brain barrier through information technology

    Grant number:21K18310  2021.7 - 2025.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Pioneering)  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Pioneering)

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    Grant amount:\25740000 ( Direct Cost: \19800000 、 Indirect Cost:\5940000 )

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  • 脳内で神経栄養因子の持続的発現を実現するBBB通過型高分子ミセルの創製

    Grant number:21K19888  2021.7 - 2023.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽)  挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    安楽 泰孝

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    Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct Cost: \5000000 、 Indirect Cost:\1500000 )

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  • 単回血管挿入で異なる薬剤を適剤適所に送達可能な光応答性薬剤担持型バルーンの開発

    Grant number:20H04526  2020.4 - 2024.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)  基盤研究(B)

    赤木 友紀, 安楽 泰孝

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    Grant amount:\17810000 ( Direct Cost: \13700000 、 Indirect Cost:\4110000 )

    本研究課題では、これまで開発を進めてきた厳しい血流中においても薬剤が剥奪せず、光照射した時のみ選択的かつ効率的に薬剤を放出可能な光応答性薬剤担持型バルーンの汎用性の向上を目的とする。当該年度は、様々な薬剤の搭載および、搭載した薬剤を異なるタイミングで放出可能なシステムに展開するために、①バルーン表面への高分子集合体(PA)の導入、②500 nmで開裂する光応答性リンカーの合成および機能評価に関する検討を行なった。①バルーン表層に導入するPAの基盤的知見を得るために、蛍光標識化高分子ミセルを医療バルーンと同素材で表面状態も類似しているLatex粒子に導入したものを作成し、光照射に対する応答性についての検討を行なった。さらに、低分子薬剤と異なり、高分子ミセルはバルーン表層と多点で結合するため、リンカー密度に対する開裂速度等の基礎的な評価を実施した。②多様な薬剤を様々な部位での投与を可能にするため、これまで検討してきた365nmで開裂するリンカーに加えて、500 nmで開裂するリンカーを用いることを想定している。一方で、必要な要件を備えた可視領域で開裂するリンカーは多くない。当該年度は、500 nmの波長の光で開裂するリンカーを合成し、バルーンおよび薬剤との結合の確認、および開裂の有無に関しての検討を行なった。

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  • Development of Antibody Drug Delivery System to the Brain

    Grant number:20H04525  2020.4 - 2023.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Grant amount:\17940000 ( Direct Cost: \13800000 、 Indirect Cost:\4140000 )

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  • Fabrication of enzyme reaction fields in the brain for treatment of central nerve system disease

    Grant number:19K22953  2019.6 - 2022.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

    Anraku Yasutaka

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    Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct Cost: \5000000 、 Indirect Cost:\1500000 )

    Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) is a treatment that aims to improve symptoms by replenishing the body's lacking enzymes. Drug delivery systems (DDS), which incorporate a system that delivers enzymes to the disease site and promotes metabolism, are expected to be an innovative therapy with low side effects. The objective of this project was to develop innovative therapeutic technologies for central nervous system (CNS) diseases by creating a "reaction field of enzymes in the brain. We will demonstrate these proposals by encapsulating the enzyme in DDS, equipped with optimal functions as a reaction field for the enzyme in vivo, and installing a ligand molecule for passing through the BBB on the surface layer. Through the synthesis of polymers to form DDS, construction of DDS encapsulating enzymes and evaluation of their fundamental physical properties, and in vitro and in vivo tests, it was demonstrated that the DDS constructed in this project could work as ERT in the brain.

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  • Development of innovative nanoreactor that induces enzyme cascade reaction in vivo

    Grant number:17K20094  2017.6 - 2020.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

    Anraku Yasutaka

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    Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct Cost: \5000000 、 Indirect Cost:\1500000 )

    Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a treatment that improves symptoms by supplementing the enzymes that are lacking in the body. Among them, a drug delivery system (DDS) that incorporates a system that delivers an enzyme to a disease site and promotes metabolism is expected as an innovative therapeutic method with particularly low side effects. In this study, the basic technology is a nanoreactor that has an optimal structure as a reaction field for enzymes established so far. In addition to the enzymatic decomposition of the causative substance of the disease, we constructed a reaction field that can purify harmful substances caused by the enzymatic reaction that lead to serious side effects by another enzyme. As a result, we have succeeded in developing a nanoreactor for enzyme replacement therapy that targets tumors and has extremely low side effects.

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  • Development of self-assembled polymeric vehicles selectively delivering drugs to specific brain cells toward treatment of central nervous system diseases

    Grant number:17H04742  2017.4 - 2020.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)

    Anraku Yasutaka

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    Grant amount:\25480000 ( Direct Cost: \19600000 、 Indirect Cost:\5880000 )

    It is essential to deliver drugs not only crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) but also only to target cells in the brain parenchyma to effectively treat central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we developed polymeric self-assembly (PM) that selectively delivers nucleic acid drugs to neurons in the brain, using polymers that are safe in vivo as building blocks. In vivo experiments using AD model mice showed that the expression level of the target protein was significantly suppressed, and the ability related to spatial reference and long-term memory was successfully improved in behavioral tests.

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  • Development of enzyme-loaded PIC-nanoreactor working under the blood circulation

    Grant number:15K12536  2015.4 - 2018.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    Anraku Yasutaka

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    Grant amount:\3640000 ( Direct Cost: \2800000 、 Indirect Cost:\840000 )

    Enzyme-loaded synthetic vesicles have attracted great attention for their feasibility to exert the efficient and prolonged functionality of loaded enzymes in harsh environments. However, several issues remain regarding the optimization of their structures toward practical application. Herein, we fabricated polyion complex vesicles loaded with L-asparaginase (ASNase@PICsomes) and conducted a detailed characterization to ensure their utility as nanoreactors functioning under the harsh in vivo environment (bloodstream). ASNase@PICsomes showed 100 nm-sized monodispersed vesicular structures. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy revealed essentially no empty PICsome fraction in the product, indicating the quantitative formation of ASNase@PICsomes. Furthermore, ASNase@PICsomes exhibited significantly prolonged enzymatic reaction compared with free ASNase after systemic injection into mice, corroborating their functionality as in vivo nanoreactors working under the blood circulation.

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  • Development of Polymeric Micelles for Brain-Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid Drugs to Treat Intractable Neurological Diseases

    Grant number:25000006  2013 - 2017

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research  Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research

    KATAOKA Kazunori, YOKOTA Takanori, ITAKA Keiji, TSUMOTO Kouhei, OSADA Kensuke, Ishii Takehiko, NISHIYAMA Nobuhiro, MIYATA Kanjiro, ANRAKU Yasutaka, MATSUMOTO Yu, UCHIDA Satoshi

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    Grant amount:\555880000 ( Direct Cost: \427600000 、 Indirect Cost:\128280000 )

    Since the brain is protected by a highly developed biological barrier, delivery of the drug is extremely difficult. In this research, we developed a drug delivery system (DDS) of virus size (<50 nm) that overcomes such a robust biological barrier, penetrates into the brain, and delivers nucleic acid drugs to target cells such as neurons. Here, DDS was constructed on the basis of self-assembly (polymeric micelle formation) of biocompatible block copolymers. In the vascular system of the brain, drug penetration from the vascular lumen to the brain parenchyma is markedly restricted (blood-brain barrier: BBB), since the junction between the endothelial cells is extremely tight. Therefore, a glucose-bound polymeric micelle targeting glucose transporter 1 (GLUT 1), which is localized in the vascular lumen side of cerebral vascular endothelial cells, was constructed. There was observed a significant accumulation of the micelles in the brain by crossing the BBB at about 60 times the efficiency of the existing DDS by the precise molecular design of the micelles, including size and surface glucose density, and the use of active migration of GLUT1 from the vascular luminal side to the brain parenchyma side, synchronizing with a change in the blood glucose concentration. Eventually, siRNA was successfully delivered into the brain by the glucose-conjugated micelles, and the expression of enzymes involved in amyloid β (Aβ) production was reduced to about 50%. Furthermore, mRNA, known to be fragile in biological milieu, was remarkably stabilized by micelle loading, and local intracerebroventricular administration of the micelles loaded with mRNA encoding single chain antibody targeting Aβ attained significant reduction of the amount of Aβ in mouse brain. In this way, wide on/off control of disease-related genes becomes feasible, opening a new avenue to solve long-standing problems in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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  • Development of enzyme-loaded nano-sized polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) for enzyme prodrug therapy

    Grant number:24700476  2012.4 - 2014.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)

    ANRAKU Yasutaka

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    Grant amount:\4290000 ( Direct Cost: \3300000 、 Indirect Cost:\990000 )

    Utilization of enzymes in the body is still a big challenge in the biomedical field. One of promising applications of enzymes for therapeutic application is enzyme prodrug therapy, and development of nano-vehicles for enzymes is one effective clue to establish the golden standard of EPT. We succeed in the preparation of b-galactosidase loaded PICsome with the diameter of 100 nm, maintaining enzyme activity. Exploiting b-gal-loaded PICsomes as an enzyme vehicles, a model prodrug, HMDER-bGAL, was successfully converted into highly fluorescent product, HMDER, due to permeation of HMDER-bGAL through the vesicle wall. In in vivo experiments using tumor-bearing mice, b-gal-loaded PICsomes were accumulated in the tumor tissue, to produce HMDER. Resulted HMDER was released form PICsomes and distributed into the entire tumor tissues and internalized by cells, and then visualization of tumor tissues was performed.

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  • Characterization and in vivo evaluation of nano-sized polyion complex vesicles with varying elasticity

    Grant number:22810009  2010 - 2011

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up  Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up

    ANRAKU Yasutaka

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    Grant amount:\3042000 ( Direct Cost: \2340000 、 Indirect Cost:\702000 )

    We have previously demonstrated interesting properties in spontaneously formed submicron-sized polyion complex vesicles(Nano-PICsomes) via the self-assembly of a pair of oppositely charged polymers, whereby cross-linking of the PIC membrane by a condensation reagent can control many properties, including improvement of blood circulation and biodistribution. In this time, we succeeded in the characterization and in vivo evaluation of Nano-PICsomes with various cross-linking ratios and sizes.

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  • PICsomeの生体内における機能評価とタンパク質・遺伝子デリバリーへの展開

    Grant number:08J10495  2008 - 2009

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費  特別研究員奨励費

    安楽 泰孝

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    Grant amount:\1200000 ( Direct Cost: \1200000 )

    前年度までに静電相互作用力を形成駆動力とする100-300nmのNano-PICsomeを容易に作り分けることに成功した。しかしながらこれらの粒子は生理条件下での安定性が低いため、申請目的にあるような生体内でデリバリーキャリアとして応用する際に問題が生じる。
    そこで当該年度では、まず水溶性の縮合剤である1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride)を用いてPIC膜中にアミド結合を形成することで、生理条件下でも安定にサイズと構造を維持可能な架橋Nano-PICsomeを調製することに成功した。さらにこの架橋Nano-PICsomeは、従来のNano-PICsomeとは異なり「耐凍結乾燥」「耐遠心濃縮安定性」を有していることをも明らかとした。また、加える架橋剤の量でPIC膜の透過性をコントロールできることも示し、選択透過性を有するNano-PICsomeという新しいベシクルキャリアの提案を行った。
    さらにサイズの異なる架橋Nano-PICsome(100-200nm)を調製し、担がんマウスの尾静脈より循環血液中に導入することによって、その血中滞留性および臓器分布を評価した。その結果、100-150nmの架橋Nano-PICsomeは、がん組織における血管壁が物質透過性の亢進を示すという性質(EPR効果)に基づいて、がん局所への高い集積性を示すことを明らかとした。一方、サイズを大きくした150-200nmのNano-PICsomeは、約20時間という著しく長い血中半減期を達成出来ることが明らかとなった。この値は、これまで報告されている他の中空粒子型キャリアと比較して、同等かもしくはそれ以上であり、今後、生体内長期循環型デリバリーキャリアとして応用展開される可能性が示唆された。
    このように本研究は、サイズと構造が厳密に制御された中空粒子を設計する独創的な指針の提案や得られた成果の薬物送達システムとしての高い有用性から考えて、バイオマテリアルの分野において極めて秀逸であると考えられる。

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