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Shimokitazawa is a commercial neighborhood in Tokyo, well-known for its narrow streets, where small shops create an intimate street environment. The blend of these streets and the ground floor of the buildings through the pedestrian activities could reveal the characteristics of a permeability of the neighborhood at eye level, which would lead to a significant urban attribute on a human-centered design. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of commercial streets in Shimokitazawa by investigating the physical components and pedestrian characteristics of the Temporary Edge. The findings suggest different patterns diversifying their permeability and uneven distributions, creating a unique streetscape.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.30.933

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DOI： 10.1007/978-981-99-6368-3_43

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113303

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000724

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

<p> Introduction:</p><p> Considering the relationship between the environmental load and the environmental quality is very important in design of the ecological housing. Moreover, the importance of study from the viewpoint of lifecycle is increasing. This study aims to clarify relations between LCCO₂ and thermal environment in passive solar house with thermal mass.</p><p> </p><p> Method:</p><p> Firstly, the settings for the model of living room with various combinations of window and thermal mass are assumed. The models are mainly based on wooden structure with the wide frontage facing south to gain solar heat. The supposed site is in suburb area of Tokyo, Japan. Three variations of the south window are set by size and position of opening and depth of eaves. Besides, four compositional variations of thermal mass to store solar heat are set by position and amount of reinforced concrete element. Consequently, the twelve models are set for following investigations. Secondly, the amount of embodied CO₂ for each model is calculated by LCA tool offered by the Architectural Institute of Japan. Thirdly, the amount of operating CO₂ emitted from the air-conditioning load is calculated by the Solar Designer which is a thermal environment simulation tool. Furthermore, the qualities of thermal environment focusing on the change of room temperature on sunny day in winter and summer are investigated by considering the Degree・Hour (D・H) which integrates the fluctuation of room temperature. Finally, the amount of LCCO₂ is calculated by combining the embodied and operating CO₂, and then, the relationships between LCCO₂ and thermal environment quality by D・H are clarified.</p><p> </p><p> Results:</p><p> 1) The model AS which has the smallest thermal mass and window indicates the smallest embodied CO₂. On the other hand, the model CL which has the second largest thermal mass and the largest window shows the largest embodied CO₂. These are regarded by differences for the repairing cycle of element.</p><p> 2) The models of A, B and C which have larger thermal mass tend to indicate smaller operating CO₂ according to reduction of window size. However, only the model D with the largest thermal mass shows a different tendency that indicates smallest operating CO₂ in the case with medium window size.</p><p> 3) The room temperature's change tends to become smaller along with increase of thermal mass. However, the model DS which has largest thermal mass and smallest window shows minimum D・H in winter which is a stable environment in low temperature.</p><p> 4) For the relations between LCCO₂ and thermal environment, the models AS, BM, CM and DL which have different combinations of thermal mass and window size indicate smaller LCCO₂ with an appropriate D・H combination in winter and summer. Especially, the model AS and DL have contrastive difference for the passive design strategy regarding with the less or more thermal mass and the smaller or larger window for solar gain, in addition to their differences for the combination of embodied CO₂ and operating CO₂. This result means a "trade-off" relations between LCCO₂ and thermal environment and shows alternatives for design regarding the balance of thermal mass and window with proper combination of environmental load and quality.</p>

DOI： 10.3130/aija.85.2065

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102198

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

<p> Introduction:</p><p> Spatial porosity is one of the essential concepts of passive design to respond to high temperature and humid climate in some regions of Southeast Asia where urbanization is rapidly expanding. Spatial openness, using airy space with large windows and voids, is a popular method for daylighting and natural ventilation in passive design.</p><p> On the other hand, it is a challenge to intake natural wind and light into the indoor space while avoiding intense sunshine and heat in a dense residential area, like Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Moreover, these urban areas are sprawling with many medium height "tube houses" with narrow frontage and long depth standing close together. This characteristic for this location delimits the design direction, such as building size and window's arrangement. Thus, it is assumed that various brightness and wind distribution occur in the living space due to conflicts between the requirements of spaces and the environment. Hence, this paper aims to clarify spatial composition, wind environment and light environment of in-space in living space in contemporary houses in Ho Chi Minh City.</p><p> </p><p> Methods:</p><p> Firstly, spatial composition of in-space in living space is examined by investigating location characteristics, position of in ·space in relation to window and ground and properties of window. Then, the openness patterns of living space by window and the arrangement patterns of in-apace by distances to window and to ground are clarified.</p><p> Secondly, relationships between the composition of the living apace and the wind environment are examined. The wind velocity of each in-space is calculated by CFD simulation (STREAM ver. 13) and the combinational characteristics with the openness patterns are investigated. Furthermore, relationships between the composition of the living space and the light environment are examined. The illuminance of each in-apace is calculated by the daylighting simulation (VELUX Daylight Visualizer), and the combinational characteristics with the openness pattern of living space are investigated.</p><p> Thirdly, based on all these results, composite characteristics of spatial composition, wind and light environment are examined according to the combinations of the in·space pattern of arrangement and environment for each living spaces. Then, three different groups for the intentionality towards environmental design on wind and light are clarified.</p><p> </p><p> Results:</p><p> 1) Majorities of the openness patterns of living space are the high and the low openness for both light and wind. The arrangements of in-space tend to be close to the window and the ground. Furthermore, many in-spaces are allocated near the void and the skylight where much light and wind are easily reach inside.</p><p> 2) Wind velocity in in-space tends to be weak in living spaces which are the wind-window type and the light-window type. Illuminance in in-space indicates tendencies for the openness patterns that are more bright in the porous type and less bright in the less porous type.</p><p> 3) Composite characteristics of spatial composition, wind and light environment for each living spaces shows the light group is the majority and these living spaces tend to have various in-space's environments according to differences of their position. In the wind and light group, the arrangement patterns of in-space tend to be varied. These diversities could be considered as a specificity for living spaces and their indoor environments in the tropical climate which intends to be opened to the outdoor environment and to create an uneven quality of indoor environment.</p>

DOI： 10.3130/aija.85.1173

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

<p> Introduction:</p><p> In the recent academic study of architecture, "spatial composition theory" has achieved a certain result for comprehension of various architectural forms. The theory allows a cross-sectoral analysis beyond building types by extracting an arrangement of abstract volumes without finishes and scale. On the other hand, along with the practice of new materials which are continuously developed, many contemporary architectural works based on "Critical regionalism" are appearing that utilize existential information on conventionalized materials. Under these circumstances, we think that analyzing the complementary relationship between the compositional character related to the spatial forms and the superficial character related to finishes of materials will give practical insight for designing and comprehending contemporary architecture. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the spatial integration design through superimposing the compositional character by rooms and the superficial character by the finishes targeting to contemporary art museums that deploy rooms with various functions sequentially.</p><p> </p><p> Methods:</p><p> Firstly, we extract rooms which are the unit space from museum and analyze its function, arrangement and continuity; then we regard the relationship among rooms obtained as "Rooms Layout" and situate the compositional character of spatial integration. Secondly, we extract finishes on the spatial component faces and analyze its classification, arrangement and continuity; then we regard the relationship among finishes obtained as "Finishes Layout" and situate the superficial character of spatial integration. Subsequently, we elicit types of the space integration design in contemporary art museums by superimposing these compositional and superficial characters of spatial integration. In addition, we compare each type and organize the relationships among the types.</p><p> </p><p> Results:</p><p> The result of superposing and examining compositional and superficial characters of spatial integration in contemporary art museums elicited 11 major types of spatial integration design. Considering the three types that match the integration scope of both "Rooms Layout" and "Finishes Layout" derive the remaining eight types, it is possible to regard that the gap of the integration scope by the composition and the superficies creates the diversity of contemporary art museums. In addition, because there is no case that "no integration" in "Finishes Layout", it is possible to consider that finish is used as a means for integrating spaces potentially in contemporary art museum. In this way, we clarified that the spatial integration in contemporary art museums is characterized by variously combining the relationships such as dependence on the function, whole and part, interior and exterior, at different aspects of compositional and superficial means.</p><p> </p><p> Conclusion:</p><p> Since the study that systematically considering the spatial integration of architecture from the relationship between spatial composition and superficial finish has never been seen, this study is useful as a document to comprehend the design method of the contemporary architecture which has a stronger relationship that space form and material as well as art museum.</p>

DOI： 10.3130/aija.85.49

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Language：English   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

<p> This study examines the aspect of variation of spatial qualities on the user's experience in selected public rooftop gardens (RG) in Tokyo. Firstly, a combined method of fieldwork and simulation was used to describe the physical attributes in different environmental conditions to disclose the variation in RG settings. Secondly, these setting's patterns are interpreted through parameters of experience to reveal the tendency of variation in each parameter. Finally, by connecting setting and experience, the quality factors of RG will emerge as a tangible and intangible relationship between Space Affordance with Usage and Image of Identity.</p>

DOI： 10.3130/aija.85.1045

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/294/1/012022

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101543

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Language：English   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

<p>This study aims to clarify spatial structures in contemporary Thai houses based on passive design strategies. The functional arrangement according to heat avoidance techniques for thermal conditions was focused. Firstly, Thailand geographical conditions and traditional house's spatial structure were outlined. Then, the spatial structure of the contemporary house was investigated on functional occupancy on perimeter and sectional level area with their shapes. The characteristics of contemporary and traditional houses are especially analyzed throughout patterns. The result suggests an inherit from tradition in the spatial structure even though it is not the dominant character in the contemporary houses.</p>

DOI： 10.3130/aija.84.1539

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.03.090

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

<p> Introduction:</p><p> Regional climate is an important element in architectural design. In particular, passive design that uses natural energy effectively by architectural methods is getting its importance from the viewpoint of environmental problems and energy conservation. Window is one of fundamental elements for passive design methods such as daylighting and cross ventilation. However, the slender sites with narrow frontage and deep depth exist as a typical housing lot in contemporary urban area in Japan. These conditions might restrict the design direction of these houses, especially for window, because the locational factors cause limitations for their arrangements while various necessities for the urban house, such as keeping privacy, safety and view, are required. Hence, it is necessary for their design to respond to both requirements, one is from the passive design solutions and the other is from each site's specific conditions. It could be considered that various characteristics of practices for passive design in contemporary houses emerge throughout their investigations. Particularly, ambivalent characteristics between light and thermal environment near the large window in winter which has advantage to get much sunlight but disadvantage for keeping warm could be found. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify characteristics of spatial composition, light environment and thermal environment near the window of contemporary Japanese houses in the slender site during winter.</p><p> </p><p> Methods:</p><p> First, spatial composition of near the window is examined besides the overview about climatic condition. Then, characteristics of the main space and its windows are analyzed as seen from the way to open to surroundings.</p><p> Second, light and thermal environments of the main space in a winter day are analyzed by simulations. Light environment is examined by illuminance near the window and the center while thermal environment near the window is examined by operative temperature with considering variations in a day.</p><p> Third, relationships of spatial composition, light and thermal environments are analyzed.</p><p> </p><p> Results:</p><p> 1) In both the long north-south site and the long east-west site, the main space and near the window tend to be located on the upper floor and opened to the outside site.</p><p> 2) The illuminance near the window is highest mostly in the daytime while the center place tends to be highest also in the evening. The unevenness of illuminance between these places also increases mostly in the daytime. In the analysis of thermal environment near the window, the degree-hour (DH) is used to indicate fluctuation of operative temperature. Many cases show the highest amount of DH in the evening while the Comfort DH and the High DH rarely appear.</p><p> 3) The composite analysis of space and environment shows correlative characteristics among the cases which get much the light and heat of the sun. It indicates that the main window facing south with outdoor space inside site is superior. Further investigation regarding improvement of thermal insulation performance of the window indicates a tendency of a trade-off between brightness and warmth. The DH generally increases and thermal environment is improved in most cases though it differs depending on the size of window and the structural property.</p>

DOI： 10.3130/aija.84.809

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.solener.2019.01.063

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Language：English   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;This study aims to clarify the user's role in the making of urban space, by examining two renovated open space with urban gardening (OSUG) in Tokyo. Firstly, a mixed survey approached people and OSUG were used to disclose the spatial setting. Secondly, the setting's patterns are interpreted as user's experience. Finally, by connecting the setting and the experience, parameters of qualities will emerge, identified as &ldquo;usage&rdquo;, &ldquo;space affordance&rdquo; and &ldquo;image of identity&rdquo;. Furthermore, these factors combined will illustrate seven scenarios of OSUG, ranging from a privacy resting spot to a public outdoor playground, as well as a community garden.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.83.2325

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;Introduction:<br>&nbsp;Regional climate is an important element in architectural design. In particular, from the viewpoint of environmental problems and energy conservation, the passive design that uses natural energy effectively by architectural methods is getting its importance. V. Olgyay said there are three steps to create a comfortable indoor climate in a book &ldquo;Design with climate&rdquo;. Composite design based on consideration of the outdoor environment, architectural method and equipment is important for passive design. Thus, the importance of the architectural method is explained. Junzo Yoshimura (1908-1997) designed numerous houses in the postwar Japan, emphasizing architectural ingeniousness in addition to machinery facilities, consistently pursued the comfort of the housing. It is assumed that Yoshimura's architecture and thought to the environment are projected in works and discourses such as proportions of space, windows, openings that can be opened to the full, screens and fireplaces. This paper aims to clarify the intentionality towards environmental design in Yoshimura's housing work as seen from the spatial composition of the living room.<br><br>&nbsp;Methods:<br>&nbsp;First, location characteristics of the house were examined. To analyze the location characteristics and the arrangement of the main space, we examined the arrangement of the buildings, the building coverage, and the arrangement of the main spaces.<br>&nbsp;Second, way of closing the main space was examined. The connection between the main space and the outside air, the volume of the main space, and the existence of voids were examined. Furthermore, way of opening the main space was examined. As a characteristic of the window connected to the outdoor, the window-wall ratio and the window openable ratio were examined.<br>&nbsp;Third, based on all these results, spatial composition of closing and opening the main space was classified by the matrix. In addition, fixtures such as the fireplace, shoji screen were examined. From these typologies, Yoshimura's intentionality towards design of combination of thermal and air was analyzed.<br><br>&nbsp;Results:<br>&nbsp;1) Dominant arrangement of the building and the main space was northward and south in spacious condition such as site area and building coverage.<br>&nbsp;2) In the whole space, external and internal connecting were almost the same number but the tendency is different for each part. A match between the median of volume and the proportion of the plane favorably used by Yoshimura was found. Windows were mainly based on mechanisms that can be opened and closed. Large and small windows were dominantly used differently with mechanism of ventilation adopted in all directions.<br>&nbsp;3) Typological analysis of spatial composition showed tendencies when the boundary surface is external, the window-wall ratio was low, and in the case of internal, the window-wall ratio was high. Also, when the room volume was large, the window openable ratio was low, and in the case of small, the window openable ratio was high. Thus, many complimentary combinations were found, indicating that there was an intention to maintain balance in each of the thermal and air systems.<br><br>&nbsp;Conclusion:<br>&nbsp;In this research, on the domestic housing works of Yoshimura, it systematically was examined the spatial characteristics from the viewpoint of architectural design in the thermal environment.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.83.397

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;Introduction:<br>&nbsp;In the history of the worship space, such as basilica type and centralized temple type in Christian churches are characterlized as symmetry and rotational symmetry has been used as a norm of the worship space. And they also have symmetrical section along the axis or point, such as gable roof and dome, that have highest point above them. In addition, the altar will be directed to the east where the sun rises until recently as a norm. In this norm, the priest pray to the direction of the sun rising in the morning, and received the evening light in his back from rose window in the Gothic churches. So that it seems to be possible to understand the natural light to produce a worship by the priest and laities around the altar. In such worship space, skylights which can be arranged at free position is plan is considered to be attached position within the normative spatial types. This study aims to clarify the day lighting methods in the worship space of contemporary religious buildings by their morphological characteristics as seen from the relationships between the form of the worship space and the arrangement of the skylights towards the altar.<br><br>&nbsp;Methods:<br>&nbsp;The worship spaces in the contemporary religious buildings built after 1950s were selected as cases to study. First, planar form of worship space were examined by its symmetry and proportion as refereing to the type of basillica and cetralized plan. In addition to this, the composition of chancel and nave, the arrangement of congregation's chair were also analyzed to know the direction created by theirarrangement. And sectional form of ceiling were analyzed by the axis along the altar and digonal axist of it.<br>&nbsp;Second, arrangement of skylight in plan was viewd. First, the orientation of altar was confirmed wether if they face to the east as its nome. Sectional form of skylights and planar arrangement of skylights were analyzed.<br>&nbsp;Third, based on all these results, we discussed the morphological characteristics of adopting day-light methods by the combination of sectional form of worship space as seen from the inclined direction of the ceiling and arrangement of skylights in worship space.<br><br>&nbsp;Results:<br>&nbsp;1) Symmetrical planar form at the worship space is still keeped as a nome. And deep proportion is the major in them. As the sectional form, flat ceiling and the ceiling inclined along the cross axis like dome are both major. The sectional shape can be characterized by the planar composition of chancel and altar, and the arrangement of congregation's chairs.<br>&nbsp;2) The major orientation of altar is still east in the four orientation even though the cases which don't face to east are more than half. Skylights which placed above chancel and nave are the major placement more than above chancel. By analayzed the combination between the area and the position toward to the periphery of whorship space, there are clear diferent relashinships between each sets.<br>&nbsp;3) The conclusion has came up with 6 adopting daylight methods by the combination of the sectional form of ceiling and lit area by skylights. There are some methods adopting to the original form of the worship space such as the basillica and centralized types. And some other methods to adopt new type of form of the worship spaces were founded, such as the sectional from inclined to the altar direction and the form with flat ceiling. And there are some methods which have different shape under the same types, especially by the placement of skylights.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.83.155

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Housing Research Foundation "JUSOKEN"  

This study discusses outside space design in urban residential area rerated to water environment from the viewpoint of living image. Firstly, institutional factors of water environment were analyzed, there are difference between factors in the way for getting involved to outside space. Secondly, through a field survey of a temperate region and a cold snowy region, elements of outside space and those characteristics were clarified. Thirdly, based on the analysis and the field survey, design workshop was held on. As the result, it is revealed that a scheme of outside space design for considering water environments.

DOI： 10.20803/jusokenronbunjisen.44.0_73

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;This study aims to clarify the spatial structure of contemporary Thai houses as seen from passive design by focusing on living areas. Firstly, traditional house's characteristics were clarified in term of geographical conditions. Secondly, contemporary houses' characteristics were clarified according to location and window potentials. Thirdly, combination models of living area and interactive components are analyzed on the correspondence with environment and similarities between traditional and contemporary houses. The results show dominant type in contemporary houses are multiple living areas with separated boundary and it seems to inherit overall aspects of traditional house spaces with plenty combinations of interactive components.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.83.1635

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Language：English   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;The aim of this study is to clarify the spatial structure of contemporary Thai houses. It focuses on the arrangement of cooking and sleeping areas, which have been functional areas since the traditional time. Firstly, the characteristics of traditional houses are described. Secondly, the spatial arrangement of contemporary houses is examined. Finally, the compositional aspects between the traditional and contemporary houses are compared and refered in terms of social and environmental factors. The findings show that the cooking space in contemporary houses are designed as enclosed kitchens and as connecting areas of additional functions. In addition, sleeping areas in the contemporary houses are generally designed as tightly enclosed spaces for each unit and the bed headding situated away from west which is similar with the interdiction in traditional houses.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.82.2759

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the methods of top-lighting in the open-stack reading space in contemporary library. Top-lighting andhigh side lighting were only way to let daylight in the reading area located in the middle of the space when the walls are ocupied by thebookshelves before the artificial light were invented. Today, top-lighting is still important in open-stack reading space not only for givingthe light for reading under the requirement of energy saving but also for creating the atmosphere by light that cannot be achived by theartificial light in the changing of requirement to the function of library fromlending type to staying type. Therefore, more variety can beseen in the top-lighting design in the illuminated area of use, the location and form of skylights.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.82.2521

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.82.653

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.22.1041

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;Introduction:<br>&nbsp;Each region has its own way of achieving comfortable environment. Japanese traditional houses have been designed to be open and passive for the summer. Seaside villas are characterized as dwellings in nature with magnificent views and fresh wind. In such villas, you can see various combinations of window constitution: a window facing the sea with the role of taking both views and wind, and windows with different roles like a seaward window for taking views and a landward window for taking wind.<br>&nbsp;Focusing on the constitution and placement of such windows would clarify the balance of different patency by views and cross ventilation. This study aims to clarify how to utilize seaward views and cross ventilation in contemporary Japanese seaside villas, focusing on morphological characteristic of the windows.<br><br>&nbsp;Methods:<br>&nbsp;First, views were examined. Views being classified by the placement of glazing in a room facing the sea, the area of the glazing facing the sea as well as the rate of patency was examined. Then, for furnished rooms, the number and kinds of the furniture, the distance to the seaside front of the villa, and views seen from the place where the occupants gather, were examined. Based on these results, the characteristics of view patterns by the placement of glazing were discussed.<br>&nbsp;Second, cross ventilation was examined. The positional relation among the windows taking wind and the relation between the windows and sea breeze were examined. To catch cross ventilation path regarding the place, the rate of the area with cross ventilation as well as the inclusion relation of the place where the residents gather, was discussed. Furthermore, the characteristics of cross ventilation were discussed.<br>&nbsp;Third, based on all these results, we discussed the patency by the combination of view patterns and cross ventilation patterns and sorted the patency patterns by the index of the directivity to the sea.<br><br>&nbsp;Results:<br>&nbsp;1) For rooms facing the sea, view patterns were classified into three. Through the investigation of the patency of glazing of the seaward side, we have demonstrated the characteristics of view patterns: Fixed windows and windows that are capable of opening and closing on the seaward side were main streams. Catching the relationship between places in which people gather in a villa and other architectural elements, we discussed the characteristics of view patterns.<br>&nbsp;2) By the combination of places taking wind, cross ventilation was examined morphologically. Cross ventilation was classified into four by its path. We have demonstrated that the path following the sea breeze was often found. Furthermore, through the investigation area occupying the room as well as the inclusion characteristics of peoples gathering places, the characteristics of cross ventilation patterns were discussed.<br>&nbsp;3) Forming a matrix that sets view patterns in a vertical line and cross ventilation in a horizontal line, we obtained twelve patterns of patency. Arranging the patency patterns from the directivity, we clarified the followings: the basic pattern is cross ventilation following sea breeze: when views are limited to the seaward side, windows on the seaward side are for taking both views and wind: when windows play the role of more expansive views, the views of windows on the seaward side tend to have priority over wind.<br><br>&nbsp;Conclusions:<br>&nbsp;The present study has demonstrated twelve patency patterns of the utilization of seaward views and cross ventilation in contemporary Japanese seaside villas. Furthermore, we clarified the characteristics of the window compositions by arranging the patterns from the directivity to the sea.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.81.851

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the form of continuous spaces and the thermal environment in warm urban areas by examining the room temperature change by the difference in outlines, partitions, and the insulation performance of the internal space as well as influence on air conditioning load, simulating continuous spaces. The present study has demonstrated the relationship between the room form and the indoor thermal environment on continuous spaces in warm urban areas.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.81.315

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Considering the relationship between the environmental load and the environmental quality is very important in design of the ecological housing. Moreover, the importance of study from the viewpoint of lifecycle is increasing. Then, this study focuses on the relations between LCCO₂ and daylight environment by sun control louvers at the window of living room model. In this case study, effective factors to decrease LCCO₂ differ mainly depending on the materials of slats. In addition some materials indicates the relation of "trade off" between decreasing CO₂ emission and keeping suitable daylight illuminance.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.81.2653

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the room form and indoor thermal environment by examining how the form and other factors affect indoor thermal environment on models of main rooms such as living rooms and dining rooms, in contemporary houses of cold climate areas. The present study has demonstrated the relationship between the room form and indoor thermal environment on main room models of contemporary houses in Hokkaido. The present result suggested the possibility to make an intimate relationship between indoor and outdoor spaces by using large windows in houses of cold climate areas.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.80.315

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the methods of daylighting from skylight in exhibition rooms of the contemporary art museums as the methods of creating "heterogeneous" exhibition space to get rid of "homogeneous" exhibition space which has rectangular solid space with the lighting from whole ceiling, which has been the cliché as known as "WHITE CUBE" in modern museum. Firstly, the form of exhibition rooms, such as the shape of plan and ceiling are analyzed by the difference from rectangular solid. Secondly, the form of skylight, such as the position on the exhibition room is analyzed, and the type of exhibition rooms, the relation to the position of art works and type of art works are considered. Finally, four types of methods of daylighting are suggested by defining the "homogeneous form of space and illumination" as a typical method. Furthermore, the feature of the combination of daylighting from skylight in each contemporary art museums are clarified by these four types of methods.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.79.1553

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between spatial composition and light environment in contemporary Japanese courtyard houses. Firstly, sectional forms of courtyards, such as the height of enclosures, the ratio of windows to walls and the finishes of their surfaces, are analyzed. These spatial elements are considered to have various effects on the characteristics of daylighting by courtyards. Secondly, light environment in the courtyard and adjacent rooms are analyzed by the measure of brightness based on simulation. The combinations of brightness and its transition during a winter day are classified into seven patterns. Finally, eight types of sectional composition and light environment in winter are suggested. Furthermore, the relationships among these types are defined by sets of three different contrasts of "space," "light" and "time." Prevalent types show a common feature that they have all of the combinations of three contrastive characteristics, such as "open or close," "homogeneous or heterogeneous," and "variable or invariable."

DOI： 10.3130/aija.79.1321

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.78.719

Scopus

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Doctoral thesis  

本論文は、現代日本の住宅作品におけるコートハウス形式の戸建て住宅を対象に、その空間構成を分析することで、古来より世界の各地で実践されている中庭をもつ住宅形式の、現代日本の都市環境における多様な表れ方の特徴を論じるものである。そこで、「外部生活空間の配置と開放性」「中庭の設えと居間との連繋」「居間からみた中庭の立面・断面構成」「前面道路からみた内外空間の開放性と閉鎖性」という観点から、建物内外の空間構成の特徴を検討している。そして、これらの各論をふまえ、「中庭の開放性」「断面の構成」「中庭の設え」という３つの構成概念を提示し、現代日本におけるコートハウスの空間構成の特質を年代的な変遷と共に考察している。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of indoor and outdoor living spaces in contemporary Japanese courtyard houses. Firstly, furnishings of courtyards, such as floor-materials, sky-coverings and fixtures, are analyzed. Secondly, spatial connections between courtyards and living rooms are analyzed by their sectional arrangements and floor areas. Finally, seven compositional types of furnishing of courtyards and connection with living rooms are suggested. Prevalent types show a tendency of characteristics of small courtyards something like attached outdoor rooms because these courtyards are mainly furnished with artificial floor-materials and connected to adjacent living rooms. Types of the combination of artificial and natural floor-materials emerged in various spatial connections. The type of courtyard furnished with only natural floor-materials is found in the case of combination with living rooms on the upper floor.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.77.1365

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：LCCM住宅の設計手法 デモンストレーション棟を事例として  

LCCMは、建築にかかわる環境負荷を究極的に減らすことを目的としている。そのためには、①CO2排出量の少ない構工法・材料であること、②運用時のエネルギー消費が削減できる住性能・設備であること、③エネルギーをつくり出す設備機器が装備されていること、④それらを理解した住まい手の環境行動が求められる。そのいずれかが欠けても実現は難しい。横断的、総合的な視点での家づくりである。それらが一つに統合されたときに、環境への付加を可能な限り減じた、究極のエコハウスが実現する。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of indoor and outdoor living spaces in contemporary Japanese courtyard houses. Firstly, sectional patterns as expanse of height direction of living rooms are analyzed. Secondly, visual openness between living rooms and courtyards are analyzed by elevation diagrams of courtyards. Finally, nine compositional types of wall surfaces enclosing courtyards as seen from living rooms are suggested. Prevalent types show a tendency of characteristics of enclosing courtyards are basically closed in the horizontal direction from living rooms, and various openness in the vertical or crossing direction are combined.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.77.535

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of indoor and outdoor living spaces in contemporary Japanese courtyard houses. Analyzing the compositions of fa&ccedil;ade, and arrangement and visual continuity between courtyards and living rooms, suggested 10 types of compositional schemes. These 10 types include not only closed-type courtyards on the fa&ccedil;ade, but also courtyards that are partially open to the frontal street. As a result, the various typological characters of indoor and outdoor living spaces are generated by the combination of fa&ccedil;ade, spatial arrangement and windows. Analysis revealed that the 2 most prevalent types, which are mostly built before 1980's, contrast on house posture to the town. Furthermore, 5 common characteristics emerged among these 10 types.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.77.351

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this study is to clarify the characteristics of outdoor spaces in contemporary Japanese courtyard houses. Analyzing the outdoor spaces' arrangement, and their visual openness and continuity with the surroundings, suggested 9 types of compositional schemes. The schemes include not only closed-type courtyards, but also courtyards that are partially open to the surrounding environment. Analysis revealed that the 4 most prevalent types feature outdoor spaces on multiple floors. This study also includes analysis of trends in these 9 courtyard house types since the 1960s.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.76.569

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.179_2

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.133_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This study is intended to clarify the relation between house and site by analyzing the composition of outdoor spaces of modern California houses. The characteristics of outdoor spaces are defined by relation to indoor spaces. The way of composing site and house is analyzed in relations to streets, comparing the characteristics of outdoor spaces. As the result of classification, 6 types of circulation schemes and 9 types of compositional schemes of outdoor spaces are identified in the houses of Schindler and Neutra. Typical circulation schemes are the type in which personal and common spaces are separated in indoor space as well as in outdoor space. And typical compositional schemes share a back-outdoor-living space protecting personal indoor and outdoor spaces.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.133_1

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=172631

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This study is intended to clarify the relation between house and site by analyzing the composition of indoor and outdoor spaces of modern houses. The way of composing house and site is analyzed in relations to streets, comparing the contrast between indoor and outdoor spaces, as well as personal and common spaces. As the result of classification, 9 types of compositional schemes are identified among the houses of Schindler and Neutra. As of these schemes, the architects' interpretation of sites and locations could be described as the regional feature of modern movement. The schemes of their houses are typical characteristics in California modern houses. The typical schemes share a back-outdoor-living space, sometimes with variations around the house, with no compositional difference between personal and common spaces.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.179_2

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=172683

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完成時点に照準を合わせるのではなく、住みながら手をかけ、時間の経過とともに改変していけるような住宅のつくり方を導くもの。新築時でなければ獲得できない住宅性能、可能性が広がる間取りや設備幹線の設定等と後年の更新や増補で対応できることを仕分けて、限られた予算とスペースの中で優先順位を判断し、手を入れながら最期まで快適に過ごせる住まいづくりの考え方を事例とともに紹介する。建て主に時間を織り込んだ的確なアドバイスや判断をするための、若手住宅設計者に向けたハンドブック。これからの住宅設計の考え方を導くもの。

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LCCMは、建築にかかわる環境負荷を究極的に減らすことを目的としている。そのためには、①CO2排出量の少ない構工法・材料であること、②運用時のエネルギー消費が削減できる住性能・設備であること、③エネルギーをつくり出す設備機器が装備されていること、④それらを理解した住まい手の環境行動が求められる。そのいずれかが欠けても実現は難しい。横断的、総合的な視点での家づくりである。それらが一つに統合されたときに、環境への付加を可能な限り減じた、究極のエコハウスが実現する。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：財団法人 建築環境・省エネルギー機構  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人サステナブル・ビルディング・コンソーシアム  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：エネルギー・資源の自立循環型住宅・都市基盤整備支援システムの開発 ＜自立循環型住宅開発委員会＞ 最終報告書  

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Country：Japan

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