Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/geosciences15090355

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs17173116

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.105086

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3548137

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs16234592

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10346-024-02289-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/mice.13224

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Structure from motion (SfM) using optical images has been an important prerequisite for reconstructing three‐dimensional (3D) landforms. Although various algorithms have been developed in the past, they suffer from many image pairs for feature matching and recursive searching for the most suitable image to add to SfM reconstruction. Thus, carrying out SfM is computationally costly. This research proposes a boosting SfM (B‐SfM) pipeline containing two phases, indexing graph network (IGN) and graph tracking, to accelerate SfM reconstruction. The IGN intends to form image pairs presenting desirable spatial correlation to reduce the time costs spent for feature matching. Building on the IGN, graph tracking integrates ant colony optimisation and greedy sorting algorithms to encode an optimum image sequence to boost SfM reconstruction. Compared to the results derived from other available means, the experimental results show that the proposed approach can accelerate the two phases, feature matching and 3D reconstruction, by up to 14 times faster. The quality of the camera poses recovered is retained or even slightly improved. As a result, the developed B‐SfM can efficiently achieve SfM reconstruction by suppressing the time cost in the fashion of image pair selection for feature matching and image order determination for more efficient SfM reconstruction.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1111/phor.12479

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DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS53475.2024.10642715

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/LGRS.2023.3337798

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/20964471.2024.2320466

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS53475.2024.10640927

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/IJGI12120471

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DOI： 10.1016/j.neucom.2023.126780

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ACM  

DOI： 10.1145/3581783.3613762

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2023.p0379

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DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2023.p0329

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DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2023.p0298

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DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2023.p0319

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DOI： 10.3390/rs15082181

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jag.2022.103150

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs15030597

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5194/ISPRS-ARCHIVES-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-829-2023

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Springer  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-27077-2_21

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/mmm/mmm2023-1.html#XiuLWKSCM23

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3189875

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DOI： 10.5194/isprs-annals-v-5-2022-33-2022

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DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2022.p0464

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CiNii Research

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DOI： 10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104105

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/f13020347

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs13214272

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/ijgi10100657

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DOI： 10.3390/s21186035

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2021-169-2021

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs13122267

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.21.2_70

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DOI： 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.02.016

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s21062251

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs13061195

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s21031004

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering  

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.21.1_172

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

<p>To support an efficient and rapid investigation of seismically induced damage to buildings, this study applies a deep learning algorithm to on-site photos taken after earthquakes. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to detect the collapsed wooden houses after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. The accuracy of discrimination was improved when the on-site photos of collapsed buildings after the other Japanese earthquakes were included in the image dataset. The dropout layer was also very effective to prevent overfitting. The overall accuracy was 80.8%, and this study is helpful to support damage investigation performed by municipalities soon after an earthquake.</p>

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.21.5_27

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1177/87552930211035408

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering  

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.21.1_172

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Scopus

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DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9554523

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management  

After studying demolished buildings and disaster waste quantities, we then estimated generation intensities in order to improve the accuracy of estimating disaster waste. Real data for the amount of segregated disaster waste debris from the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake was recorded by Mashiki Municipality. We used this to sort the amount of debris derived from the demolished buildings. In addition, a building database was created that associated the existing identification, structure, number of floors, and total floor area of all buildings in Mashiki Town. Based on the relational expression between the total floor area of the demolished building and the actual debris amount data, the basic unit of disaster waste from the demolished building was estimated per total floor area by structure and composition. Findings showed that about 90% of the demolished buildings in Mashiki Town were wooden: the generation intensities were 0.57 (ton/m²) for wooden buildings with tiled roofs and 0.51 (ton/m²) for wooden buildings without tiled roofs. The basic unit estimation value and number of demolished buildings in this study were applied to the estimation formula for five neighbouring towns near Mashiki. We could assess the applicability of our study in the event of a future earthquake based on the fact that our estimated values were close to the actual data.

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.32.51

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

In this study, we integrated the disaster-victim certificate data by the Mashiki Town government and the Uki City government, Kumamoto Prefecture, due to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, and constructed building fragility curves with respect to the structural material and construction period in combination with the estimated seismic ground motion distribution. The correlation coefficient showed a strong positive correlation of around 0.9 in all classifications of the building fragility curves covering a wide range of ground motions. The validity of the proposed fragility curves was demonstrated, compared with the existing fragility curves that were developed for different data sets and different damage category.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.21.5_98

CiNii Research

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/JSTARS.2021.3124610

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/CVPRW53098.2021.00117

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/conf/cvpr/2021w

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

<p>The accurate evaluation of story-collapsed buildings is important for human casualty estimation in seismic risk assessment and disaster response. This study investigates the story-collapsed buildings in Mashiki Town, that are identified based on damage survey data of the local government, due to the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake. As the result of analysis from the viewpoints of structural material and construction period, the story-collapse ratio of wooden buildings was found to be much higher than that of other non-wooden buildings, and it becomes larger as the construction period gets older. By comparing this result with the estimated distributions of the peak ground velocity (PGV) and the Instrumental JMA seismic intensity, the fragility curves for story-collapsed buildings were developed. The developed fragility curves for Mashiki Town showed lower story-collapse ratios than those developed for Nishinomiya City in the 1995 Kobe Earthquake.</p>

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.21.5_41

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/app10248932

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s20247010

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DOI： 10.3390/s20236913

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DOI： 10.3390/rs12244057

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/01431161.2020.1842538

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s20174751

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/lgrs.2019.2943237

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s20123568

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PubMed

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/sensors/sensors20.html#ShinoharaXM20

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs12121924

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s00024-020-02501-4

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：国立研究開発法人 防災科学技術研究所  

2019年度はデータ利活用協議会におけるデータ利活用のためのルールと規格を検討し、分科会活動を進めた。地震波形情報等を保有する企業と個別に「データ提供に関する覚書」を結び、民間企業のデータを活用する準備を行った。当初は3年目中までに4社との契約を目指したが、すでに2年目中に4社(令和元年度現在)と契約が結べ、防災科学技術研究所の基盤的データ、首都圏地震観測網データの統合が進んだ。
新潟大が中心となり、データ利活用協議会の活動を推進した。参加者数は1,165名となった。組織会員は、2018年度より10増えて67会員（企業54、自治体は3、団体は9、その他1団体）、個人会員は13名となった。データ利活用協議会では、理事会による協議会の運営体制が確立した。分科会活動についても積極的に推進した。具体的には、7分科会と1ワーキンググループにおいて、合計で年間で48回（内訳：会議・打合せ38回、調査9回、イベント1回）を実施した。また、分科会活動全体のデータ利活用を統合的に推進するインフラ分科会を新たに立ち上げた。
防災科研が中心となり、防災科学技術研究所が保有している情報インフラ基盤に、首都圏レジリエンスプロジェクトとPRISMから得られるデータの連携や2次利用に関して、技術的課題を抽出し、対応策を検討した。特に、企業とのデータ連携については、防災情報サービスプラットフォームを介した情報の共有について、その流れや権利関係等の課題も含め検討した。
東京工業大が中心となって、被害拡大阻止のために、2016熊本地震の宇城市の被害認定調査結果および地震動分布を整理し、宇城市の建物フラジリティ関数を構築した。また、地震動レベルの大きい益城町とやや小さい宇城市の建物フラジリティを統合する方法について検討した。また、益城町の現地写真に基づく深層学習や写真目視により層破壊建物データを作成し、その建物の分布を明らかにすると共に、航空レーザーデータを用いた層破壊建物の抽出手法を検討した。さらに2018北海道胆振東部地震の地震動データの収集と整理を行い、被災地の地震動分布を推定すると共に安平町の罹災証明データの収集と分析を進めた。
岐阜大が中心となって、供給・処理・交通系ライフラインの被害・復旧データを収集・整理し、地震動分布との統計分析により、物理的・機能的フラジリティ関数、レジリエンス関数を構築した。１）上水道管路は2007新潟県中越沖、2011東北地方太平洋沖、2016熊本地震時の上水道管路の被害データを用い、最大速度（PGV）、管種、液状化の影響度が大きいことを明確化、２）下水道埋設管路は、2018北海道胆振東部地震で被災した下水道埋設管路網のデータベース化と被害率算定の実施、3）鉄道に関しては、2011東北地方太平洋沖、2016熊本、2018大阪府北部、2018北海道胆振東部地震における機能的フラジリティ関数を構築、３）デ活・インフラ分科会の立上げに貢献、等を行った。
富山大が中心となって、1）2019山形沖地震の早期被害把握を目指してAIによるブルーシートの判定を実施、2）2019台風15号では同判定モデルを活用・検証を実施（35%の適合率に留まる）、3）既述1）2）により、ドローンの活用には地域特性を含めたAIの学習機会を創出する仕組みが必要であることを明確化、4）2018大阪北部の地震においては衛星画像を用い、深層学習・ニューラルネットワークの1つであるVGG16モデルを用い、短時間の学習で、適合率93.75％、再現率94.74％（F値：0.94）を実現した。これらの結果から、衛星画像とドローンによる収集画像を組み合わせることで、精度の向上が見込まれるという見通しを実証した。
兵庫県立大が中心となって、事業継続能力向上のための業務手順の確立を目指し、１）2019台風第15号・第19号・第21号における企業の事業継続活動に関する質問紙調査を行い、BCP（事業継続計画）が機能しなかった理由等を明確化、２）災害対応に工程（プロセス）の視点を持ちこんだ災害対応工程管理システムBOSSにおいては、2019台風19号被災地・静岡県南伊豆町を事例として自治体職員実装による検証・改良を実施、３）「帰宅困難者支援施設運営ゲーム（企業内待機版）KUG）について、実際の帰宅困難者支援施設運営ゲーム（KUG②）ワークショップによる複数回の検証を経て（東京都台東区、東京都渋谷区、京都府、自治体主催）津波なしシナリオゲームを新たに作成した。
関西大学が中心となって、1）南海トラフ巨大地震「事前避難」防災計画策定について、「津波避難対策特別強化地域」半数の未策定自治体に対し、新たな文化的防災を提案する等方向性を提示、2）首都直下地震おいては、縮災対策の内容としてネットワーク社会のノードに対する複合災害とエッジに対する連続滝状災害を阻止することが重要であることを明確化、3）2019九州地方の水害・台風15号・19号災害において、調査を実施、府県レベルの地域防災計画の改定内容を提示すると共に台風19号のコースが東寄りで、東京に集中豪雨が発生すれば荒川などの首都圏の河川が氾濫したことを実証・対策の必要性を明確化、した。

DOI： 10.24732/NIED.00002424

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DOI： 10.3390/rs12060990

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs12030561

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS39084.2020.9323415

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/igarss/igarss2020.html#AdrianoXYMMK20

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

<p>In the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, many lives were lost due to the collapse of buildings called "story-collapse" without survival space. In order to reduce human casualties, it is important to identify buildings at high risk of story-collapse and to promote countermeasures for earthquake disaster. In this study, we propose the method for extraction of story-collapsed buildings based on image analysis using deep learning models. Using the data set of photographic images of damaged buildings taken during damage investigation by the local government in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, we developed classification models using convolutional neural network and extracted story-collapsed buildings.</p>

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.JSAI2020.0_4Rin132

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.3850/978-981-14-8593-0_4992-cd

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.3850/978-981-11-0745-00772-cd

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ACM  

DOI： 10.1145/3397536.3422209

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/gis/gis2020.html#ShinoharaXM20

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/ijgi8120537

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs11212467

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/ijgi8100462

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs11192190

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8898519

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/ijgi8070309

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DOI： 10.3390/rs11121444

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1785/0120180154

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/ISM46123.2019.00062

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ism/ism2019.html#XiuSM19

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

<p>This study investigates the building damage in Mashiki Town based on damage survey data of the local government due to the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake. The damage ratios of buildings were investigated from the viewpoints of structural material, construction period, roof types and the number of floors. Moreover, the heavy damage ratios of wooden buildings were compared with those from the 1995 Kobe earthquake and the 2007 Niigata-ken Chuetsu-Oki earthquake. As the result, the major damage ratio of wooden houses was found to be much larger than those of other structural materials (RC, steel and light-gauge steel), and it got higher as the construction period becomes older. The results were further compared with the estimated distributions of the peak ground velocity (PGV) and the Instrumental JMA seismic intensity and the fragility curves for different structural materials (wood, S, and LS) and those for wooden buildings for five construction periods were developed.</p>

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.19.4_13

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DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2019.p0959

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/ISM46123.2019.00060

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ism/ism2019.html#ShinoharaXM19

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/geosciences8120487

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DOI： 10.1186/s40645-017-0157-2

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DOI： 10.1038/s41598-018-23650-6

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DOI： 10.1186/s40645-018-0173-x

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本建築学会  

DOI： 10.3130/aijs.83.1391

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs10081255

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2825399

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

&lt;p&gt;During to the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (the Great East Japan Earthquake) that occurred on March 11, 2011, liquefaction occurred over a large area in the Tohoku and Kanto regions. At present, the areas where liquefactions were identified extend from Aomori Prefecture in the north to Kanagawa Prefecture in the south within approximately 650-km long zone. This earthquake was characterized by the long duration of ground motion with several successive events of the source area. In this paper, firstly we examined the liquefaction occurrence ratio in terms of measured seismic intensities by geomorphologic classification units based on a dataset of strong ground motion data and observation records of liquefaction sites during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake to show the liquefaction potentials differing between the Tohoku and the Kanto regions. Next, in order to investigate the effect of the ground motion duration, we calculated the real-time seismic intensity and its accumulated index (&lt;i&gt;ΔIs&lt;/i&gt;) as explanatory parameters of ground motion intensity. As a result, although it was found that there was still regionality in the Tohoku and the Kanto regions, it clarified that the large &lt;i&gt;ΔIs&lt;/i&gt; caused to increase the liquefaction occurrence ratio.&lt;/p&gt;

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.18.2_82

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8517933

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Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-0639

Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518719

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8127264

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/CVPRW.2017.197

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.016

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijs.82.775

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

These days, the number of young entrepreneurs are increasing rapidly everywhere. In Thailand, the innovative lean-startup trend is highly noticed for private investors. In the business development, the understanding of the business&#039;s status and risk is the crucial point. One of the important sources of risk management requires amounts of input data and expertise for methodology. Web application for multi natural hazards risk estimation is the tool for the startup entrepreneur (refers to the entrepreneur who executes their business and under the development process) in Thailand that will help the startup entrepreneur conducting further business development. This study aims to analyze the GIS database layers that would support the web application. It includes layers&#039; requirements and specifications for GIS web application developer. The base-map for the system is the geomorphological map. It is processed and classified with the features from digital elevation model (DEM) which is the essential data that support the risk estimation for multi natural hazard. The results of this study are the database schema and metadata description. This result with input data can be the later applied to the vulnerability and hazard data to estimate the risk on the web application for Thai startup business analysis. The outcome of the study also can be applied to the GIS data standardization as well.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs9040330

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Language：English   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0225

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1193/033014EQS042M

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

A new method to detect buildings washed away by a tsunami is proposed using high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (TerraSAR-X) data. The main focus of this study is to integrate building unit based approach and zonal based approach to detect building damage at a building unit scale. These were integrated based on decision tree application (C4.5) of machine learning algorithm. Finally, classifier for detecting washed-away buildings was developed and applied to Sendai coast, performing 91.0 % overall accuracy and kappa statistic of 0.82.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.16.3_147

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

In conducting damage assessment for scenario earthquakes in high seismic risk regions, building inventory data are required as well as building fragility functions and strong-motion distributions. But inventory data with the locations and characteristics of buildings are not so easy to construct, especially for developing countries. Hence in this study, an approach to construct building inventory data is sought as an alternative of cadastral data and field surveys. Using a high-resolution optical satellite image acquired by WorldView-2, this paper tries to develop building inventory data for earthquake damage assessment in Tacna, Peru. First, Pixel-based classification was carried out to examine basic land-cover and land-use of the urban area. Object-based building extraction was then conducted for three selected areas as an attempt to develop building inventory data.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.16.3_137

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

In order to detect the flood damage of flood or tsunami, we assessed quantitatively the flood damage by calculating water occupancy in each pixel of optical satellite imagery using Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA). We applied the SMA for flood event in Bangkok, Thailand, 2011 and compared the result of SMA and visual interpretation from IKONOS image for accuracy velidation. Additionally, we developed an estimation model for calculating the water occupancy based on satellite SAR observation, comparing backscattering coefficients of the ALOS PALSAR image and the water fraction information derived from SMA method, which is applied to the Landsat-7 ETM+ reflectance image observing the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami. By using our proposed formula and SAR imagery after water-induced disasters, we can perform to estimate flooded areas easily and quantitatively.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.16.3_157

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

A new method to detect buildings washed away by a tsunami is proposed using high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (TerraSAR-X) data. The main focus of this study is to integrate building unit based approach and zonal based approach to detect building damage at a building unit scale. These were integrated based on decision tree application (C4.5) of machine learning algorithm. Finally, classifier for detecting washed-away buildings was developed and applied to Sendai coast, performing 91.0 % overall accuracy and kappa statistic of 0.82.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.16.3_147

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Asian Association on Remote Sensing  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0225

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1193/072313EQS211M

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DOI： 10.1109/LGRS.2015.2392792

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2015.7326583

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Remote Sensing Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11440/rssj.35.112

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

The effect of observation direction on building damage detection from high-resolution SAR images is discussed by using two pairs of TerraSAR-X images and building damage data in the area damaged by the 2010 Haiti earthquake in order to improve the detection accuracy. The ascending pair and the descending pair of the images observed before and after the earthquake are analyzed. Linear discrimination analysis is applied to the pairs of the images in order to identify the collapsed buildings. The result shows that the accuracy of the damage detection depends on the relation between the observation direction and the building direction. The analysis based on the two pairs of the images achieves higher accuracy than the analysis based on a pair of the images.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.15.7_390

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5194/nhess-15-637-2015

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2015.7326595

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2014.p1032

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2014.p1032

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Remote Sensing Society of Japan  

The Mw 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011, off the Pacific coast of northeastern (Tohoku) Japan caused gigantic tsunamis, resulting in widespread devastation and crustal movements. In a previous study, we proposed a method for capturing the two-dimensional (2D) surface movements from pairs of temporal intensity images, based on the high orbit accuracy of the satellite TerraSAR-X (TSX). Detecting three-dimensional (3D) displacement from a single pair of TSX images is difficult, and thus in the present study we used three pairs of TSX images taken in the ascending and descending paths to estimate 3D crustal movements. First, the 2D crustal movements due to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake were detected from three respective pairs of images. We derived the relationship between the 3D displacement and the 2D converted movement in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images according to the observation model and acquisition conditions of the SAR sensor. We then estimated the 3D movements by combining the detected 2D movements that occurred within a short time interval. We compared the results with the GEONET observation records and found that the results and records are consistent with each other.

DOI： 10.11440/rssj.34.166

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Remote Sensing Society of Japan  

The Mw 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011, off the Pacific coast of northeastern (Tohoku) Japan caused gigantic tsunamis, resulting in widespread devastation and crustal movements. In a previous study, we proposed a method for capturing the two-dimensional (2D) surface movements from pairs of temporal intensity images, based on the high orbit accuracy of the satellite TerraSAR-X (TSX). Detecting three-dimensional (3D) displacement from a single pair of TSX images is difficult, and thus in the present study we used three pairs of TSX images taken in the ascending and descending paths to estimate 3D crustal movements. First, the 2D crustal movements due to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake were detected from three respective pairs of images. We derived the relationship between the 3D displacement and the 2D converted movement in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images according to the observation model and acquisition conditions of the SAR sensor. We then estimated the 3D movements by combining the detected 2D movements that occurred within a short time interval. We compared the results with the GEONET observation records and found that the results and records are consistent with each other.

DOI： 10.11440/rssj.34.166

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4231/D3RN30807

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

A semi-automated tool for detecting tsunami flooded areas is developed using high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar data (TerraSAR-X) focusing on the 2011 Tohoku earthquake tsunami event. A number of flood detection techniques proposed in previous studies have not been fully utilized for emergency responses due to their complicated procedures for image processing. Therefore,this study aimed at solving this problem by developing a semi-automated tool to detect flooded areas with a simple interface. The model was applied to Sendai plain and demonstrated a good performance showing producer&#039;s accuracy of 94.2 % and user&#039;s accuracy of 93.8 %.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.70.I_1486

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

An object-oriented method to detect building damage is developed using high-resolution synthetic aperture radar(TerraSAR-X) data focusing on the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami event. To detect changes caused by the tsunami,damage function was developed by correlating mean value of correlation coefficient calculated based on an object-oriented method using pre- and post-event TerraSAR-X data and building damage ratio in each object. The estimated result of damage ratio showed good agreement with ground truth data,showing the pearson&#039;s correlation coefficient of 0.96. The method was verified by applying on the other test site,and the results were found consistent with the reported damage features,with correlation coefficient of 0.8.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.70.I_1481

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6946893

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6946816

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6947575

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Earthquake Engineering Research Institute  

DOI： 10.4231/D3SX6496F

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Earthquake Engineering Research Institute  

DOI： 10.4231/D3MK6586D

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5194/nhess-14-3231-2014

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s00024-012-0530-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2013.p0346

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2013.p0356

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

A rapid damage mapping with remote sensing and geoinformatics is essential for effective disaster response and recovery efforts. Among the remote sensorsSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is remarkable for its capability to observe the Earth&#039;s surface regardless of wheather conditioins. In this paperin order to acquire the mea- sure of building damage level in the tsunami-affected areasthe authors analyzed a set of pre- and post-event TerraSAR-X intensity images. Focusing on the difference (&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;) and correlation coefficient (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;) between backscat- tering coefficients of pre- and post-event images yields good estimation of structural damage with a form of discriminant regression function of &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;, with the accuracy of more than 70 %.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.69.I_1456

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2013.p0328

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press  

DOI： 10.20965/jdr.2013.p0904

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.51.09LA19

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.51.09LA01

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.12.6_1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5194/nhess-12-2689-2012

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

For quick estimation of damage building ratio due to earthquakes occurred in Peru using L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, a regression discriminant function that uses differences and correlations of the backscattering coefficient as explanatory variables and a likelihood function for severe damage ratio were developed based on the dataset of ALOS/PALSAR images observed the 2007 Peru earthquake and the detailed field survey data of Pisco city. We also investigated the effects of pixel-window size for calculating two variables in evaluating building damage. From the analysis, an optimum window size for the damage evaluation was obtained. Finally, the model which integrates the fragility functions of building damage in terms of seismic intensity and proposed likelihood function from ALOS images was introduced.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.12.6_36

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1093/pasj/63.5.995

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6050111

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

The authors developed the tsunami fragility curves due to 2009 samoa earthquake tsunami, to investigate structural vulnerability in the affected area, by integrating satellite remote sensing, field survey, numerical modeling, and GIS analysis. In this paper, the authors propose three kind of tsunami fragility curves of structural destruction with regard to the inundation depth, current velocity, and hydrodynamic force.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.67.I_1321

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

Tsunami has caused devastating damage to coastal regions many times. Since a period of earthquake occurrence generating tsunami can be estimated from historical records, the time of the earthquake occurrence and its magnitude are roughly estimated. Therefore, accumulation of field survey data and knowledge is important to prepare for future tsunamis. In this paper, we examined a simplified chemical analysis of soil to detect the tsunami inundation area and presented an on-site analytical method for inundation area detection. This chemical analysis is expected to support field surveys on tsunami inundation area.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.67.I_1316

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

&amp;nbsp;A severe earthquake of Mw 8.8 occurred on 27 Feb. 2010 at Chil and the subsequent tsunami attacked the coast. The field survey was conducted in Chile to develop a new survey method based on a chemical analysis of soil. The soil samples were obtained from both the inundated and the not-inundated area and the content of water-soluble ions, electric conductivity (EC), and pH were measured. The tsunami inundated soil contains much water-soluble ions and the discriminant analysis of the tsunami inundation using the amount of ions in the soil showed high discriminant accuracy (over 90%) with Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;,Br&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2-&lt;/sup&gt;, and EC.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.67.49

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本学術会議 「機械工学委員会・土木工学・建築学委員会合同IUTAM分科会」  

A project is under way to search tsunami-affected area using recent advances of remote sensing technologies combined with a numerical modeling of tsunami propagation/inundation. In the present study, the authors propose a framework in developing a method to search and detect the impact of tsunami disaster by integrating numerical modeling, remote sensing, and GIS. Part of the method is implemented to recent tsunami events including the 2009 tsunami in American Samoa and the 2010 Chilean earthquake tsunami to search the tsunami-affected area and detect the structural damage, using the numerical modeling and the analysis of satellite images.

DOI： 10.11345/japannctam.60.0.208.0

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

This study is examined the probability of liquefaction occurrence in terms of seismic intensities for each geomorphologic classification unit in the Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map based on the dataset of strong ground motion maps of recent earthquakes interpolated by the observation records and the liquefied sites during the past earthquakes. The geomorphologic units of similar ground conditions and liquefaction susceptibilities are grouped and their liquefaction probability functions are proposed based on cumulative normal distribution. Finally, the model was applied to the hypothetical Tonankai-Nankai earthquake and estimated liquefaction potential map with 250 m grid-cells was performed.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.11.2_20

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5194/nhess-11-1851-2011

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.2495/ERES11091

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DOI： 10.1117/1.3525581

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DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650196

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/rs2092111

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DOI： 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.004

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DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650196

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DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650458

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DOI： 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650550

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本地震工学会  

For quick and stable estimation of damaged buildings due to earthquakes all over the world using PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) loaded on the ALOS satellite, a model using combined usage of satellite SAR imagery and seismic intensity is proposed. In order to expand the existing C-band SAR based damage estimation model into L-band SAR, this paper rebuilds a likelihood function for severe damage ratio on the basis of dataset from JERS-1/SAR (L-band SAR) images observed the 1995 Kobe earthquake and its detailed ground truth data. The model which integrates the fragility functions of building damage in terms of seismic intensity and proposed likelihood function is then applied to PALSAR images taken over the areas affected by the 2007 Pisco, Peru, and the 2008 Sichuan, China, earthquakes. The accuracy of the proposed damage estimation model is examined by comparing the results of the analyses with field investigations and/or interpretation of high-resolution satellite images.

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.10.3_73

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Publisher：JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING  

DOI： 10.5610/jaee.10.Pre03_1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

Using a capability of SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) image analysis, the authors develop a method for mapping tsunami affected area, focusing on the relationship the backscattering features between pre and post-event SAR images. The method was applied to Aonae district in Okushiri island which was the most devastated by the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-oki earthquake tsunami (Okushiri tsunami) to identify the the severity of structural damage with a fragility curve of pre-post SAR image features and probability of structural destruction.

DOI： 10.2208/kaigan.66.1426

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jag.2009.03.005

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DOI： 10.1016/j.jag.2009.03.005

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Cartographers Association  

DOI： 10.11212/jjca1963.46.Supplement_36

CiNii Research

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DOI： 10.1142/S1793431107000122

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.2208/jsceja.62.808

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：社団法人土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jsceja.62.808

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DOI： 10.1109/URS.2007.371867

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DOI： 10.1109/URS.2007.371869

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本建築学会  

Building damage detection technique which we had developed, has been successfully applied to past earthquakes such as the 1995 Kobe, the 2001 India, and the 2003 Bam, by using the compound index, z-value, which is the value derived from the correlation and difference in intensities between pre- and post-event SAR images. This technique was applied to the affected areas due to the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake on October 23, 2004, by using one pair of Radarsat images taken before and after the earthquake. However, it was not possible to identify any significant distribution of damaged buildings. In this study, we examined the reason and proposed a new technique by using two pairs (pre-seismic and co-seismic) of SAR images, to identify smaller building damage ratios in less densely built-up areas compared to previous techniques. The main idea is to minimize the effect of signal noise and tempral changes of the earth&#039;s surface, on building damage estimation, by calculating the difference values from the two pre-event images and one post-event image. In a macroscopic point of view, the distributions of the both deference values of z-value and correlation coefficient in built-up areas were in good agreement with damage by survey reports. In Yamakoshi village, located in highland, we also could identify large-scale landslides with accuracy as good as interpretation from aerial photos.

DOI： 10.3130/aijs.72.193_2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/01431160601091811

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DOI： 10.1109/URS.2007.371868

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jsceja.62.808

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DOI： 10.1193/1.2172913

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DOI： 10.1117/12.693846

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DOI： 10.2208/jsceseee.23.57s

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DOI： 10.1117/12.693788

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DOI： 10.1117/12.697828

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DOI： 10.1193/1.2101127

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1193/1.2101027

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1193/1.2101807

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本自然災害学会  

In order to improve the way to evaluate landslide potential, we proposed a new method to obtain a distribution of specific sedimentation rate, which gives information on regional erosion rate. First, several topographic indices were compared with specific sedimentation rates. We found that an average grid slope was the best index to estimate specific sedimentation rate. Based on a regression analysis, we obtained equations to estimate specific sedimentation rate using simple parameters : grid slope and surface geology contained in a GIS database &quot;Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map (JEGM)&quot;. The estimation error of specific sedimentations using our proposed model is smaller than those using previous models. Using the equations and the JEGM, we mapped the potentials of specific sedimentation rate in every drainage basin all over Japan.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

A mapping of shear-wave velocity for all of Japan is performed using &amp;ldquo;Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map (JEGM)&amp;rdquo; which has been developed as a GIS-based ground condition map. At first, we calculate the average shear-wave velocity in the upper 30m (AVS30), which is a simple and useful predictor for estimating site amplification factors of peak ground velocity (PGV), for approximately 2,000 sites where shear-wave velocity has been measured in all over Japan. Geomorphologic units for all boreholes logging data are interpreted using landclassification maps that are the base paper maps for the JEGM. Next, we examine the correlation between not only geomorphologic units but also geographical information derived from the JEGM and the AVS30 values. The AVS30s show some dependency with altitudes, slope gradients, and distances from mountains or hills. In order to develop the estimating model of the AVS30, multivariate regression analysis is conducted using these geomorphologic indices. Then, we can achieve to create an AVS30 map with relatively high accuracy for all of Japan using JEGM.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2005.794_239

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本写真測量学会  

DOI： 10.4287/jsprs.44.2_2

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

A GIS-based 7.5-arc-second Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map (7.5-arc-second JEGM) was developed for Niigata region where the Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake of October 23, 2004 attacked. The map contains the attributes of geomorphology in grid cells that are 7.5 arc-seconds in latitude x 11.25 arc-seconds in longitude (approximately 250 x 250 m) in size. In this paper, liquefaction hazard zonation for the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake was performed using the 7.5-arc-second JEGM. The mapping proved to be generally consistent with field experience during the earthquake.

DOI： 10.11532/proee2005.28.180

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

2005年福岡県西方沖地震の翌日に撮影された空撮画像を用いて, 建物被害地域の自動抽出を試みた. 自動抽出の検証データを作成するため, 事前に目視判読を行った. 抽出指標は7×7画素領域を単位としたエッジ強度の分散, エッジ方向の最頻度, エッジ強度の同時生起行列から求まる角2次モーメントおよびエントロピーの4指標とし, 1995年兵庫県南部地震の倒壊建物を特徴づけたしきい値を適用した. この手法では樹木や草木が繁茂した状態を誤って抽出する可能性があることから, 色相による緑系色の除去を行った. 色相を含まない4指標と色相を含む5指標の2通りについて, マルチレベルスライス法による画素の抽出と63×63画素のテクスチャ解析を行い, 自動抽出の結果と目視判読の結果を比較した.

DOI： 10.11532/proee2005.28.219

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.tecto.2004.03.031

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DOI： 10.1193/1.1774182

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2004.759_213

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Structural damage of reinforced concrete school buildings in Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture due to the 2001 Geiyo earthquake was investigated based on the results of seismic capacity evaluation and detailed damage survey. Many school buildings suffered from minor to moderate damages since the level of input motion was one in which the structures start to exhibit inelastic responses. Larger level of damages were observed for the buildings constructed before 1971, especially those having low concrete strength. Good correlation between the seismic index (Is) of structure and the damage grade is observed when the sites were classified by their predominant period.

DOI： 10.3130/aijs.69.101_2

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=181800

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

A new GIS-based digital map of ground conditions &amp;ldquo;Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map&amp;rdquo; was developed for all of Japan, consisting of a total of approximately 380, 000 grid cells of 1&amp;times;1km each in size. The methodology for creating the map was developed by grouping geomorphologic units that are expected to have similar ground conditions. Applicability of the map for site amplification evaluation was examined. The result was found to yield the good estimate of the site amplification ratio, suggesting that the Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map may be conveniently used for the estimation of the strong motion distribution of a large area in Japan.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2004.759_213

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Visualization Society of Japan  

A visualization method for the areas with damaged buildings due to earthquakes using aerial images taken from light planes and helicopters was developed, and the application of the method to early damage assessment was discussed. Aerial television images and aerial photographs with a resolution of 10-20cm were examined. The method of detecting the difference between pre- and post-event images is often used in satellite remote sensing after highly accurate registration of images. However, it may be difficult to prepare pre-event images in an emergency response stage. The proposed methods based solely on post-event images can be employed efficiently in emergency management by using the mobility of platforms.

DOI： 10.3154/jvs.23.Supplement1_455

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2003.731_159

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

Strong motion indices such as the instrumental JMA seismic intensity provide important information in earthquake emergency management. Because observed seismic motion is strongly affected by site response characteristics, some estimation procedures are necessary to obtain spatial distributions of these indices. Microtremor observations were conducted at 116 seismic stations in Hyogo prefecture. After confirming that the horizontal-to-vertical (HIV) Fourier spectral ratio of microtremor can express the site response characteristics, a method to estimate the JMA seismic intensity was proposed using the ratio of H/V spectral ratios of microtremor and a strong motion record of the reference station, and its accuracy was compared with other exiting methods.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2003.731_159

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Publisher：The Japanese Geotechnical Society  

DOI： 10.11512/jiban.JGS38.0.167.0

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本写真測量学会  

DOI： 10.4287/jsprs.41.5_4

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：地域安全学会事務局  

Seismic monitoring systems and satellite remote sensing are promising measures for rapid assessment of seismic damage distribution. To make the best of both information, considering the trade-off of promptness, precision and spatial resolution, a Bayesian method to synthesize seismic intensity distribution and remote sensing image has been proposed for post-earthquake early detection of building damage areas. Damage probability estimated by use of seismic intensity distribution and fragility relations serves as a prior information for Bayesian updating procedure. The satellite SAR intensity image is then incorporated to update the initial estimation, providing more reliable estimation of damage distribution.

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Language：Japanese  

Seismic monitoring systems and satellite remote sensing are promising measures for rapid assessment of seismic damage distribution. To make the best of both information, considering the trade-off of promptness, precision and spatial resolution, a Bayesian method to synthesize seismic intensity distribution and remote sensing image has been proposed for post-earthquake early detection of building damage areas. Damage probability estimated by use of seismic intensity distribution and fragility relations serves as a prior information for Bayesian updating procedure. The satellite SAR intensity image is then incorporated to update the initial estimation, providing more reliable estimation of damage distribution.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

Using aerial television images taken after the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake, automated detection of building damage based on the maximum likelihood classifier was attempted. Each class for the classification was defined by four attributes of either including color information or only edge texture. In both cases, the estimated results were in good agreement with the actual distribution of severely damaged buildings and the results of previous studies based on the multi-level slice method. In particular, the method based on edge information can be applied not only to adjacent images but also to other images taken after other recent earthquakes without selecting training data. Finally, application of the automated damage detection methods to early damage assessment was discussed.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.717_137

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.717_137

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

The characteristics of collapsed buildings were examined by image processing of aerial television images taken after the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. Areas with building damage were defined by color indices and edge elements of an original image, and by edge information and statistical textures derived from the co-occurrence matrix of edge intensity. In the latter case not using color indices, the estimated results were in good agreement with the actual distribution of collapsed buildings, and it was relatively easy to apply the threshold values to an adjacent image. As the edge information can be derived from a gray scale image as well as brightness, the proposed method is applicable to the high-resolution panchromatic satellite imagery with one-meter spatial resolution.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.710_413

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.710_413

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.703_267

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

The characteristics of severely damaged buildings were examined by image processing of aerial television images taken after the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan and the 2001 Gujarat, India earthquakes. In image processing, color indices and edge elements calculated from the post event images were used. After pixels indicating damaged buildings were detected, the texture analysis of the image was attempted to identify the areas corresponding to the size of buildings. The extracted areas almost corresponded to the results of visual inspection. We found that the threshold values to judge damaged buildings should be determined for each image or for the images having similar built environment and damage pattern.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.703_267

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

The seismic records observed from 52 stations in Miyazaki Prefecture are currently used to grasp the distribution of seismic intensity of the surface ground in the prefecture soon after the occurrence of an earthquake. However, the number of instruments may not be large enough to capture the detailed seismic intensity distribution. Hence, microtremor measurements were conducted to estimate site response characteristics of the seismic observation stations and other locations. The horizontal-to-vertical (HIV) Fourier spectral ratios were calculated for seismic records and microtremor, and their similarity was confirmed. Using the H/V spectral ratios of microtremor, the velocity response spectra for earthquake ground motions at microtremor sites were estimated and their applicability was discussed.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.696_261

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10458/6558

Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2002.696_261

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10458/6558

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing  

One of the remarkable characteristics of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is to record physical value called backscattering coefficient of the earth's surface, regardless of weather condition or sun illumination. Therefore, SAR is a powerful tool which can be utilized to develop a universal method to fully comprehend damaged areas in natural hazards such as earthquakes, forest fires and floods. We performed a feasibility study on backscattering characteristics of damaged areas in the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe), Japan earthquake using the pre- and postevent ERS-1 images, revealing that the backscattering coefficient and intensity correlation between the two attained values were significantly lowered in hard-hit areas. The evaluation, however, was performed without speckle noise reduction. In this study, we investigated the effect of pixel-window size in evaluating building damage using the difference in the backscattering coefficient and correlation coefficient of pre- and postevent ERS images filtered for speckle noise reduction. From the above analysis an optimum window size for the damage evaluation was obtained. It was also found that the accuracy of damage detection was not significantly improved for specklereduction filtering of window size larger than 21&times;21 pixels.

DOI： 10.4287/jsprs.41.5_4

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The 1994 Northridge and the 1995 Kobe earthquakes realized us the importance of grasping damage information on built-up areas in the early stage for recovery activities and restoration planning. One of the remarkable characteristics of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is its capability of recording the physical value, called the backscattering coefficient, of the earth's surface under independence of weather condition and sun illumination. Therefore SAR could be a powerful tool and possibly be used to develop a universal method for grasping damaged areas during disasters such as earthquakes, forest fires and floods. Detailed ground truth data with building damage due to the 1995 Kobe earthquake provided us the opportunity to examine the relationship between the backscattering property and degree of damage. From the above analysis we have already developed a method to detect areas of building damage. In this paper, we introduced the automated detection method using the average difference in the backscattering coefficient and the spatial correlation derived from the pre- and post-event speckle-reduction-filtered images. Then we applied this method to the images taken over the area hit by the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki, Japan, the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, and the 2000 Gujarat, India earthquakes, and then the accuracy of the proposed method was examined by comparing the results of the analyses with those from the damage surveys.

DOI： 10.3130/aijs.67.139_3

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=181002

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

An imaging radar called synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has rapidly become one of the major tools for observing the earth's surface and its change. One of the distinctive characteristics of SAR systems is their capability of recording both amplitude and phase of the backscattering echoes from objects on the earth's surface in all weather conditions, day and night, and independence of sun illumination. SAR installed on the satellites JERS and ERS observed Kobe area before and after the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu, Japan earthquake. Backscattering properties such as the difference and the correlation of the backscattering coefficient called Sigma-nought from the damaged areas by the earthquake were investigated. By analyzing the time-series SAR data, we clarified that the decreasing of the values of the difference and the correlation in the hard-hit areas was due to the surface changes by the event. Then, we developed an automated method to detect hard-hit areas based on the discriminant analysis using pre- and post-event SAR images. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed method was verified by comparing the results from detected areas and the one of the actual damage survey.

DOI： 10.3130/aijs.67.53_1

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=180744

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

A strong earthquake hit El Salvador on January 13, 2001. The earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 caused huge damage in the urbanized areas as well as numerous landslides. In case of large scale earthquakes, the identification of hard hit areas is important and necessary information for decision-makers to handle the disaster relief process. In this study, remote sensing images taken before and after the earthquake by Landsat 7 (ETM+) satellite are compared to identify the location of landslides and hard hit urban areas. The proposed method uses the rationing between bands in the visible range as well as the sharpening of the multi-spectral bands by merging with the panchromatic band. It is expected that with the help of this additional band the identification of landslides and damaged areas will be improved.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本写真測量学会  

DOI： 10.4287/jsprs.40.4_27

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

The distribution of building damage due to the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake was interpreted visually using aerial television images taken by high-definition television (HDTV) cameras. Comparing the interpretation results obtained by different people, the accuracy of the interpretation for wooden building damage was inspected. These results were compared with the results of the ground survey. For wooden buildings, severe and moderate damages were mostly recognized in the aerial HDTV images. Almost the same result was obtained, regardless of who performs the determination. The damage level of non-wooden buildings extracted from the aerial images corresponded to collapsed and severe damage in the ground survey. Hence, aerial television images may be used to grasp overall damage distribution of urban areas due to earthquakes at an early stage.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2001.682_257

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

Satellite and airborne remote sensing is expected to provide effective spatial information on earthquake-induced damage. Several satellites observed Kobe area before and after the Kobe earthquake. Since a part of the damage survey results of this earthquake is maintained as GIS data, a quantitative analysis of the surface changes in the damaged area is possible. Spectral characteristics of the damaged area were investigated using Landsat and SPOT optical images taken before and after the earthquake, for examining the possibility of extracting the earthquake damage distribution by satellite remote sensing. The damage distribution extracted by the discriminant analysis of the spectral characteristics agreed with the results of the field survey.

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2001.668_177

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木学会  

DOI： 10.2208/jscej.2001.668_177

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Satellite and airborne remote sensing, which can easily monitor a large area with high resolution, can provide effective spatial information to detect earthquake-induced damage. As a sensor installed on satellites JERS and ERS, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is one of the most promising technologies since it is not affected by clouds. One of distinctive characteristics of SAR systems is their capability of recording both amplitude and phase of the backscattering echoes from objects on the earth's surface. In this paper, we investigated the microwave scattering characteristics of areas damaged by the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake using ERS/SAR images for the purpose of possibility of extracting earthquake damage distribution by satellite SAR. According to the difference in backscattered intensity and spatial correlation of SAR images taken before and after the earthquake, we found that the characteristics of the backscattering properties of damaged areas showed significant variations. The relationship between building damage and the SAR images was found to be related to the damage level. This trend in areas of heavy building damage was revealed when the backscattered intensity and the correlation of pre- and post-event images became low. The damage distribution extracted by discriminant analysis based on backscattering properties agreed with the results of an actual damage survey. Therefore, the images obtained by remote sensing SAR could be a powerful tool for post-disaster management.

DOI： 10.3130/aijs.66.55_2

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=180573

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

1999年8月17日に発生したトルコ・コジャエリ地震の被災調査のため, 地盤工学会はヘリコプターからデジタルビデオカメラによって被害の様子を撮影した.本研究ではこの空撮ビデオ映像の静止画像を用いて建物被害地域の自動抽出を試みた.建物被害地域を抽出するために色相, 彩度, 明度の色彩画像3種類, エッジ強度, エッジ強度の分散, エッジ方向の最頻度のエッジ要素画像3種類を作成し, 教師つき分類であるマルチレベルスライス法と最尤分類法を適用した.この画像を用いた結果は実際の建物被害分布と概ね一致するものの, これと同じ閾値, 同じ教師データを他地域に適用した場合, よい結果が得られない場合があることがわかった.

DOI： 10.11532/proee1997.26.5

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

2001年1月26日, インド西部グジャラート州でマグニチュード7.6の地震が発生し, 同州を中心とする地域に甚大な被害をもたらした.近年, 地震被害を把握するために様々な手段が用いられており, 人工衛星を利用した被災地の上空から得られた画像から被害状況を把握するリモートセンシング技術もその1つである.本研究ではインド西部地震前後のランドサット7号TMパンクロマティックバンドの画像を用い, 地震直後に撮影した航空写真を参照して, 地震前後の衛星画像からトレーニングデータを作成し, それに基づき教師付きの判別をする方法と, 直接地震前後の画像を用いて輝度値の差分量から被害地域推定する方法を比較・検討した.

DOI： 10.11532/proee1997.26.17

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

2001年1月26日インド西部を震源とする地震が発生し, パキスタンとの国境に近いグジャラート州は甚大な被害を被った.地震防災フロンティア研究センターでは2月10日から15日まで先遣隊を派遣し被災調査を実施した.その間, グジャラート州における主な都市の被災状況を小型飛行機からデジタルビデオカメラで撮影した.本研究ではこの空撮ビデオ画像を用いて建物被害地域の自動抽出を試みた.建物被害地域を抽出するために色彩情報とエッジ情報で表される6種類の特徴画像を作成し, 教師つき分類であるマルチレベルスライス法と最尤分類法を適用した.いずれの場合においても教師データを選択した画像からは実際の被害分布に近い良好な結果を得ることができた.

DOI： 10.11532/proee1997.26.13

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing  

We studied the possible use of aerial high definition television (HDTV) images taken after the 1995 Kobe earthquake, to establish a methodology for an automated detection of building damage. The relationship between the degree of building damage and the color and edge indices from the aerial images were examined by image processing techniques. The characteristics of building damage were defined on the basis of hue, saturation, brightness and edge intensity. Using a threshold value of these parameters, the study areas were classified into damaged and undamaged pixels. A filter analysis was further conducted to these pixels and damaged buildings were identified. The estimated damage distribution by the proposed methodology agrees well with the field survey data and the visual inspection of the aerial HDTV and photographs.

DOI： 10.4287/jsprs.40.4_27

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

1999年トルコ・コジャエリ地震の前後に被災地を観測した人工衛星SAR画像を用いて, ギョルジュクにおける被害地域での後方散乱特性の変化を検討し, 1995年兵庫県南部地震での結果と比較した.その結果, 両地震では類似した傾向があり, 被害程度が大きくなるにしたがい2時期の後方散乱強度の差分値と空間相関値が小さくなることが明らかになり, 兵庫県南部地震での人工衛星SAR画像と現地調査データとの関係に基づき構築した建物被害地域の抽出手法がトルコ地震での建物被害の検出にも利用可能であることを示した.この手法を2001年インド・グジャラート地震にも適用し, 被災地を観測した空撮画像との比較から手法の妥当性を検証した.

DOI： 10.11532/proee1997.26.9

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DOI： 10.1007/BF02989909

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：地域安全学会事務局  

The Early Damaged Area Estimation System (EDES) is proposed to support emergency response in a disaster. EDES provides the geographic information of possible impacted areas within 24 hours after an earthquake on the Internet The estimation method is based on the detection of significant reductions or loss of lights in nighttime imagery observed by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program&#039;s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). Noise in suburban areas and cloud influence in a pre-event image are addressed by using a cloud-free stable lights image derived from a time series of OLS observations. Appropriate geographic information is discussed to support relief activities and to contribute a reduction in the digital divide problem in global disaster management activities.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 地域安全学会  

&lt;p&gt;The Early Damaged Area Estimation System (EDES) is proposed to support emergency response in a disaster. EDES provides the geographic information of possible impacted areas within 24 hours after an earthquake on the Internet. The estimation method is based on the detection of significant reductions or loss of lights in nighttime imagery observed by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program&#039;s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). Noise in suburban areas and cloud influence in a pre-event image are addressed by using a cloud-free stable lights image derived from a time series of OLS observations. Appropriate geographic information is discussed to support relief activities and to contribute a reduction in the digital divide problem in global disaster management activities.&lt;/p&gt;

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

宮崎県における早期地震被害推定システムの構築へ向けて, 地盤特性の空間分布を把握することは重要である. そこで今回, 宮崎県内に設置されているK-NETおよび震度情報ネットワークシステムの強震観測点で得られた地震記録について水平動と上下動のフーリエ・スペクトル比 (H/Vスペクトル) をとり, 地盤震動特性の検討を行った. また, 強震観測点近傍で常時微動測定を行い, 微動のH/Vスペクトルを計算し, 地震記録に対する解析結果との比較を行った. その結果, 地震記録と常時微動記録のH/Vスペクトルは, 類似した傾向を持つことが明らかとなった.

DOI： 10.11532/proee1997.25.173

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 土木学会  

兵庫県南部地震による建物の被害状況について, 地震後の空撮映像を利用した複数人による目視被害判読を行い, 判読者の違いが建物被害抽出結果に与える影響について検討を行った. 空撮映像はハイビジョンカメラにより上空から斜め下方を撮影したものを使用した. 結果の評価には, 建物1棟ごとの被災度調査データと, 被害地上写真を利用した. この結果, 被害の有無については, 個人差および判読時間の影響を受けず, 概ね同程度の抽出が可能であることが解った. ただし倒壊建物の抽出を行う場合には, 判読者の個人差の影響が顕著であり, 空撮映像上での倒壊判読基準の統一が必要であることが明らかとなった.

DOI： 10.11532/proee1997.25.1097

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

CiNii Books

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：土木技術社  

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本地震工学会  

CiNii Books

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publisher：関東学院大学工学総合研究所  

CiNii Books

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

This study is examined the probability of liquefation occurance in terms of seismic intensities for each geomorphologic classification unit in the Japan Geomorphologic Classification Map based on the dataset of strong ground motion maps of recent earthquakes interpolated by the observation records and the liquefied sites during the earthquakes. The geomorphologic units of similar ground conditions and liquefaction susceptibilities are grouped and their liquefaction probability functions are proposed.

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Language：English   Publisher：Springer Berlin Heidelberg  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-03442-8_11

Scopus

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：アドコム・メディア  

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese  

QuiQuake (Quick estimation system for earthQuake map triggered by observed records) provides wide and detail strong ground motion maps such as peak ground velocity and instrumental seismic intensity soon after an earthquake occurrence, which can help to support decision making for disaster response and business continuity planning (BCP). For the calculation the system combines to use the 250m-grid average shear-wave velocity of ground in the upper 30m, Vs30, derived from the Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map and observed seismic records operated by National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED).

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

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