Updated on 2026/03/10

写真a

 
TOYA GENTA
 
Organization
School of Environment and Society Specially Appointed Associate Professor (Lecturer)
Title
Specially Appointed Associate Professor (Lecturer)
Profile

虚構を作り出す能力に興味があります.現在は動物の社会関係構築についてヒトやトリやネズミを対象に研究しています.

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Degree

  • 博士(知識科学) ( 北陸先端科学技術大学院大学 )

Research Interests

  • 情報生態系

  • Domestication

  • Alienation

  • Language Evolution

  • Knowledge Science

  • multi-agent simulation

Research Areas

  • Informatics / Soft computing  / Complex Systems

  • Humanities & Social Sciences / Cognitive science  / Cognitive Science

Research History

  • Institute of Science Tokyo   Specially Appointed Associate Professor (Lecturer)

    2025.5

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  • The University of Tokyo   Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology   Specially Appointed Junior Associate Professor

    2023.4 - 2025.4

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  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science   Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (PD)

    2020.4 - 2023.3

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  • Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology   School of Advanced Science and Technology   Researcher

    2019.4 - 2020.3

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  • Institute of Musicology, University of Cologne   Visiting Researcher

    2017.9 - 2018.3

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  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science   Research Fellowship for Young Scientists(DC2)

    2016.4 - 2018.3

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  • Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology   School of Knowledge Science   PhD student

    2015.4 - 2019.3

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Committee Memberships

  • 日本動物心理学会若手の会   幹事  

    2023.4   

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  • 共創言語進化学若手の会   世話人  

    2019.4 - 2021.3   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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Papers

  • Rats spontaneously show categorical responses toward familiar or unfamiliar conspecifics in a habituation-dishabituation task using multiple habituation stimuli

    Shiomi Hakataya, Makiko Kamijo, Genta Toya, Hiroki Koda, Kazuo Okanoya

    2025.9

  • Rats can spontaneously discriminate different rhythms: An investigation using an automated habituation-dishabituation paradigm

    Reo Wada, Takaki Tomatsuri, Kosuke Yoshida, Shiomi Hakataya, Genta Toya, Kazuo Okanoya, Hiroki Koda

    Behavioural Processes   231   105257 - 105257   2025.9

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105257

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  • How does immediate auditory feedback coupled to locomotion influence the spontaneous actions of rats?

    Kosuke Yoshida, Reo Wada, Shiomi Hakataya, Genta Toya, Kazuo Okanoya, Hiroki Koda

    2024.12

  • Beyond dichotomy: diversity of ultrasonic vocalizations in rats

    Reo Wada, Shiomi Hakataya, Ryosuke O. Tachibana, Tomoyo Isoguchi Shiramatsu, Tetsufumi Ito, Kouta Kanno, Riseru Koshiishi, Jumpei Matsumoto, Yumi Saito, Genta Toya, Shota Okabe, Kazuo Okanoya

    2024.12

  • Formalising prestige bias: Differences between models with first-order and second-order cues Reviewed

    Seiya Nakata, Akira Masumi, Genta Toya

    Evolutionary Human Sciences   1 - 28   2024.3

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Cambridge University Press (CUP)  

    Abstract

    Knowledge and behaviour are transmitted from one individual to another through social learning and eventually disseminated across the population. People often learn useful behaviours socially through selective bias rather than random selection of targets. Prestige bias, or the tendency to selectively imitate prestigious individuals, has been considered an important factor in influencing human behaviour. Although its importance in human society and culture has been recognised, the formulation of prestige bias is less developed than that of other social learning biases. To examine the effects of prestige bias on cultural evolution theoretically, it is imperative to formulate prestige and investigate its basic properties. We reviewed two definitions: one based on first-order cues, such as the demonstrator's appearance and job title, and the other based on second-order cues, such as people's behaviour towards the demonstrator (e.g. people increasingly pay attention to prestigious individuals). This study builds a computational model of prestige bias based on these two definitions and compares the cultural evolutionary dynamics they generate. Our models demonstrate the importance of distinguishing between the two types of formalisation, because they can have different influences on cultural evolution.

    DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2024.12

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  • An exploratory study of behavioral traits and the establishment of social relationships in female laboratory rats Reviewed

    Shiomi Hakataya, Noriko Katsu, Kazuo Okanoya, Genta Toya

    PLOS ONE   18 ( 12 )   e0295280 - e0295280   2023.12

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

    There is growing evidence that social relationships influence individual fitness through various effects. Clarifying individual differences in social interaction patterns and determinants for such differences will lead to better understanding of sociality and its fitness consequences for animals. Behavioral traits are considered one of the determining factors of social interaction. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of individual behavioral traits on social relationship building in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus), a highly social species. Initially, the following behavioral characteristics were measured in individuals: tameness (glove test), activity (open field test), exploration (novel object test), sociability (three-chamber test), and boldness (elevated plus maze test). We then used DeepLabCut to behaviorally track three groups of four individuals (12 total) and analyze social behaviors such as approach and avoidance behaviors. Principal component analysis based on behavioral test results detected behavioral traits interpreted as related to exploration, boldness, activity, and tameness, but not sociability. In addition, behavioral tracking results showed consistent individual differences in social behavior indices such as isolation time and partner preference. Furthermore, we found that different components were correlated with different phases of social behavior; exploration and boldness were associated with the early stages of group formation, whereas activity was associated with later stages of relationship building. From these results, we derived hypothesize that personality traits related to the physical and social environment have a larger influence in the relationship formation phase, and the behavioral trait of activity becomes important in the maintenance phase of relationships. Future studies should examine this hypothesis by testing larger group sizes and ensuring there is less bias introduced into group composition.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295280

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  • 仲良くなければ生き残れない村と家畜たち Reviewed

    徳増雄大, 外谷弦太

    言語進化学の未来を共創する   231 - 254   2022.10

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Part of collection (book)  

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  • The condition of recursive combination in the evolution of reinforcement learning agents Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    The Evolution of Language   2022.9

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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  • 音源定位および運動追跡システムを用いた鳴禽の社会相互作用分析

    外谷弦太, 水本武志, 岡ノ谷一夫, 橘亮輔

    聴覚研究会資料   52 ( 4 )   243 - 248   2022.6

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)   Publisher:日本音響学会  

    CiNii Books

    CiNii Research

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  • Evolutionary scenario of recursive combination from object manipulation to language Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto, Rie Asano

    Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics   992 - 997   2020.1

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  • Evolution of recursive combination of action representations by rewarding novel tool-making Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    The Conference Booklet of PROTOLANG 6   44   2019.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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  • Modeling self-domestication and its impact on language evolution: playing with 'play' Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Yasuaki Kai, Takashi Hashimoto, Antonio Benítez-Burraco

    The Conference Booklet of PROTOLANG 6   54   2019.9

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  • Neural implementation and evolutionary simulation of building hierarchical structure Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    The Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Japanese Neural Network Society   160 - 161   2018.10

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  • Recursive Combination Has Adaptability in Diversifiability of Production and Material Culture Reviewed

    Toya Genta, Hashimoto Takashi

    FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY   9   1512   2018.9

  • Difference of two recursions, 'hierarchical embedding' and 'self-reference': from view of adaptive functions and implementations Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    The Evolution of Language   507 - 509   2018.4

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  • Building hierarchical structure: Its functional model and evolutionary simulation Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    The Program and Abstract Booklet of EVOSLACE: Workshop on the emergence and evolution of social learning, communication, language and culture in natural and artificial agents in ALIFE 2018   21   2018

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    Language:English  

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  • Evolution of recursive combination operation Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    Proceedings of The European Conference on Artificial Life 2017   396 - 403   2017.9

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  • Poverty of materials makes recursive combination operation evolvable Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society   3862   2017.7

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  • Two recursions, "hierarchical embedding" and "self-reference": Difference of their adaptive functions and implementations in humans

    外谷弦太, 浅野莉絵, 橋本敬

    日本認知科学会大会発表論文集(CD-ROM)   34th   622‐624   2017

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    Language:Japanese  

    J-GLOBAL

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  • 統語能力の適応的進化は想定可能か:行動多様性の推進力

    外谷弦太, 橋本敬

    日本進化学会大会プログラム・講演要旨集(Web)   18th   ROMBUNNO.O‐2D‐1 (WEB ONLY)   2016.8

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    Language:Japanese  

    J-GLOBAL

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  • Computational study about evolutionary process and adaptability of recursive operation in behavioral level Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    Tokyo Lectures in Language Evolution: Booklet of poster and talk abstracts   36   2015.4

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  • Computational study on evolution and adaptability of recursive operations Reviewed

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    The proceedings of International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics 20th   68 - 73   2015.1

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  • 言語における回帰の適応性に関する考察:物体操作の進化シミュレーションの帰結より Reviewed

    外谷弦太, 橋本敬

    言語科学会第17回年次国際大会予稿集   208 - 209   2015

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    Language:Japanese  

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  • 回帰的物体操作の進化シミュレーション

    外谷弦太, 橋本敬

    計測自動制御学会システム・情報部門学術講演会講演論文集(CD-ROM)   2014   ROMBUNNO.SS3-6   2014.11

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    Language:Japanese  

    J-GLOBAL

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  • 単一SDA集積HTSジョセフソン接合テラヘルツ波検出器の電力特性および周波数特性

    山田博信, 早坂隆顕, 外谷弦太, 中島健介, 齊藤敦, 大嶋重利

    応用物理学会春季学術講演会講演予稿集(CD-ROM)   60th   ROMBUNNO.27P-G7-7   2013.3

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    Language:Japanese  

    J-GLOBAL

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Books

  • 言語進化学の未来を共創する

    赤池敬, 井原泰雄, 岡ノ谷一夫, 岡久太郎, 小林春美, 近藤聡太郎, 齋藤優実, 阪口幸駿, 田中悠介, 中条太聖, 外谷弦太, 中井智也, 橋本敬, 藤田耕司, 藤原正幸, 堀川遼太, 松本大貴, 米納弘渡

    ひつじ書房  2022.9  ( ISBN:9784823411618

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MISC

  • 集団飼育ラットの社交様式は個体の性格と関連するか

    博多屋汐美, 外谷弦太, 香田啓貴, 岡ノ谷一夫

    日本動物行動学会大会プログラム・要旨集(CD-ROM)   43rd   2024

Presentations

  • Computational neurocognitive modelling of recursive combinatorial ability

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    Leipzig Lectures on Language 2021  2021.10 

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    Presentation type:Poster presentation  

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  • ジュウシマツの社会相互作用の定量的分析

    外谷弦太, 水本武志, 岡ノ谷一夫, 橘亮輔

    第40回日本動物行動学会大会  2021.9 

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  • 新奇物への探索傾向は見知らぬ他者との社会関係構築を予測するか?:ラットにおける探索的分析

    勝野吏子, 博多屋汐美, 外谷弦太, 岡ノ谷一夫

    第14回日本人間行動進化学会大会  2021.12 

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  • Evolutionary simulation of metacognition in rats

    Genta Toya, Kazuhiro Goto, Kazuo Okanoya, Shoko Yuki

    日本動物心理学会第81回大会  2021.10 

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  • 齧歯にコミットする:鳴禽の社会相互作用分析から

    外谷弦太

    齧歯音声研究談話会  2022.7 

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  • 音源定位および運動追跡システムを用いた鳴禽の社会相互作用分析

    外谷弦太, 水本武志, 岡ノ谷一夫, 橘亮輔

    2022年6月度聴覚研究会  2022.6 

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  • Exploration of evolutionary scenarios of self-referential ability by a computational model

    Shoko Yuki, Genta Toya, Kazuhiro Goto, Kazuo Okanoya

    Joint Conference on Language Evolution  2022.9 

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  • 私と小鳥とネズミと:3次元高速移動体と闇属性無地集合体を追って

    外谷弦太

    第164回・動物心理学会若手の会主催シンポジウム  2022.8 

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  • The emergence of internal state-based behavioral optimization in evolutionary simulation

    Genta Toya, Kazuhiro Goto, Kazuo Okanoya, Shoko Yuki

    日本動物心理学会第82回大会  2022.10 

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  • The condition of recursive combination in the evolution of reinforcement learning agents

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    Joint Conference on Language Evolution  2022.9 

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  • Neural implementation and evolutionary simulation of building hierarchical structure International conference

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    The 28th Annual Conference of the Japanese Neural Network Society  2018.10 

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  • The Reason of Building Hierarchical Structure: From the View of Recursive Combination as an Internal Operation International conference

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    Evolinguistics Workshop 2019  2019.5 

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  • A neurolagical model of recursive combination ability and its gradual evolutionary simulation International conference

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    Tokyo Lecture on Evolinguistics 2019  2019.3 

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  • Evolution of recursive combination of action representations by rewarding novel tool-making International conference

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    Protolang VI  2019.9 

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  • Recursive combination for exploration and exploitation: Its neural implementation and evolution Invited International conference

    Genta Toya

    The 141th NII Shonan Meeting "Shonan Symposium - Language as Goal-Directed Sequential Behavior"  2019.5 

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  • 自然化すれども還元せず:システム論的理解のための構成的手法

    外谷弦太

    共創言語進化学若手の会  2020.5 

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  • Modeling self-domestication and its impact on language evolution: playing with 'play' International conference

    Genta Toya, Yasuaki Kai, Takashi Hashimoto, Antonio Benítez-Burraco

    Protolang VI  2019.9 

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  • A computational modeling of metacognition in rats

    Genta Toya, Shoko Yuki, Kazuo Okanoya

    2020.11 

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  • 意図共有:間主観的な世界の共創

    外谷弦太

    第2回共調的社会脳研究会  2020.11 

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  • メタ記憶の進化シミュレーションに向けたモデル構築

    外谷弦太

    共創言語進化学第7回領域全体会議  2021.2 

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  • Evolution of recursive combination operation International conference

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    The European Conference on Artificial Life 2017  2017.9 

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  • Poverty of materials makes recursive combination operation evolvable International conference

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    The 39th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society  2017.7 

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  • Difference of two recursions, 'hierarchical embedding' and 'self-reference': from view of adaptive functions and implementations International conference

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    EVOLANG XII  2018.4 

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  • Evolution of recursive operation in different cognitive domains: A simulation study International conference

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    Spring School 2018 Language, Music, and Cognition  2018.2 

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  • Building hierarchical structure: Its functional model and evolutionary simulation International conference

    Genta Toya, Rie Asano, Takashi Hashimoto

    The Emergence and Evolution of Social learning, Communication, Language and Culture in Natural and Artificial Agents in The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life  2018.7 

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  • Evolutionary simulation of action grammar as a precursor of language ability

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    JAIST Poster Challenge 2014  2014.10 

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  • Computational study about evolutionary process and adaptability of recursive operation in behavioral level International conference

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    Tokyo Lectures In Language Evolution  2015.4 

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  • Computational study on evolution and adaptability of recursive operations International conference

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics 20th  2015.1 

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  • Recursive operation ability may evolve for creativity International conference

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    Creativity and innovation in language evolution at EVOLANG XI  2016.3 

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  • Function of Recursive Operation in Human Language: Considering by Evolutionary Simulation of Tool Making

    Genta Toya, Takashi Hashimoto

    JAIST Symposium on Advanced Science and Technology 2015  2015.11 

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  • Measuring personality traits in laboratory rats

    Shiomi Hakataya, Noriko Katsu, Kazuo Okanoya, Genta Toya

    日本動物心理学会第82回大会  2022.10 

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  • 動物の家畜化とインタラクション創発 Invited

    外谷弦太

    JST CREST『脳領域/個体/集団間のインタラクション創発原理の解明と適用』定例会議  2023.1 

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  • The effect of personality traits on the social relationship formation in female laboratory rats

    Noriko Katsu, Shiomi Hakataya, Kazuo Okanoya, Genta Toya

    日本動物心理学会第82回大会  2022.10 

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  • Social interactions in Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata var. domestica): Automated measurements using visual and auditory signals to test for the commitment hypothesis

    Genta Toya, Takeshi Mizumoto, Kazuo Okanoya, Ryosuke O. Tachibana

    The XXVⅢ International Bioacoustics Congress  2023.10 

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  • The advantage of internal state-based behavioral optimization on reinforcement learning

    Genta Toya, Kazuhiro Goto, Kazuo Okanoya, Shoko Yuki

    日本動物心理学会第83回大会  2023.10 

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Awards

  • AppEEL Award for the Most Promising Pre-Doctoral Researcher at Protolang

    2019.9   PROTOLANG  

    Genta Toya

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  • A prize of completion at Ph.D.

    2019.3   Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Tochnology  

    Genta Toya

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  • A first prize of poster session in third conference of Evolinguistics

    2019.2   Evolinguistics: Integrative Studies of Language Evolution for Co-creative Communication  

    Genta Toya

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  • 優秀学生賞

    2015.4   公益社団法人計測自動制御学会北陸支部  

    外谷弦太

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  • A prize of completion at M.A.

    2015.3   Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Tochnology  

    Genta Toya

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Research Projects

  • The Analysis of Social Relationships Construction in Songbirds and Computational Modeling of Social Navigation

    Grant number:24H01428  2024.4 - 2026.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A)

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    Grant amount:\7020000 ( Direct Cost: \5400000 、 Indirect Cost:\1620000 )

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  • Exploration of adaptive functions of metacognition: hypothesis exploration using constructive methods and its experiential verification

    Grant number:23K22371  2022.4 - 2025.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Grant amount:\17420000 ( Direct Cost: \13400000 、 Indirect Cost:\4020000 )

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  • Exploration of adaptive functions of metacognition: hypothesis exploration using constructive methods and its experiential verification

    Grant number:22H01100  2022.4 - 2025.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Grant amount:\17420000 ( Direct Cost: \13400000 、 Indirect Cost:\4020000 )

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  • Elucidation of the regularity/story in the process of tojisha-ka and the behavioral basis of co-production

    Grant number:21H05175  2021.9 - 2026.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A)

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    Grant amount:\165230000 ( Direct Cost: \127100000 、 Indirect Cost:\38130000 )

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  • 概念の階層構造を生成する再帰的結合能力の起源と進化に関する研究

    Grant number:20K20146  2020.4 - 2024.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  若手研究

    外谷 弦太

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    Grant amount:\4160000 ( Direct Cost: \3200000 、 Indirect Cost:\960000 )

    ヒトは他の動物に見られない、概念を再帰的に結合する能力(以下、再帰的結合能力)を持つ。言語のヒト特異的な側面は、この再帰的結合能力に由来する部分が多いと考えられるため、その進化を問うことでヒトという生物種の本性に迫ることができる。再帰的結合能力の進化に関しては、物体操作という他の動物 と共通する能力に起源をもつとする「運動制御起源説」が有力視されている。本仮説を検証するには、外的な物体操作と内的な概念操作を繋ぐ 具体的な進化シナリオを提示する必要がある。
    本研究は、(1)計算機シミュレーションによる、再帰的結合能力のモデル構築と、(2)動物や人の物体操作・道具製作の分析に基づくモデルの妥当性検討という、2種類のプロセスから構成される。
    本年度は(1)に関して、再帰的結合の適用対象が外的実体から内的表象へと進化する過程と環境条件を明らかにするための計算モデルを構築し、途中経過を国際会議Language Lectures on Leipzigで発表した。モデルは道具製作のような状態遷移空間を探索する強化学習と統計的学習からなり、強化学習による探索を統計的学習に基づく計画生成が補助する構成となっている。外部環境の探索において、道具の多様性が求められる環境において、物体の再帰的結合のような経路の分割統治法が進化し、内部の計画生成(概念の再帰的結合)においても同様の方法が進化するという仮説を立て、シミュレーションを行なっている。結果は、Joint Conference on Language Evolutionにて発表予定である。

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  • Research on intention inference by abduction based on recursive combination and embodiment

    Grant number:20H04256  2020.4 - 2023.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Grant amount:\17680000 ( Direct Cost: \13600000 、 Indirect Cost:\4080000 )

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  • ヒトの創造性を生み出す自己家畜化現象の生理学・生態学的機序の解明

    Grant number:20J01616  2020.4 - 2023.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  特別研究員奨励費

    外谷 弦太

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    Grant amount:\4810000 ( Direct Cost: \3700000 、 Indirect Cost:\1110000 )

    本研究は、人類に特異的な言語と社会の構造が、構築されたニッチに対する循環的な適応、すなわち自己家畜化により生じたという仮説を立て、『A. 言語に見られる構造的創造によるニッチ構築と家畜化』『B. 家畜化された動物とヒトの比較』『C. 構造的創造性を生み出す生成・評価能力』という三つの側面から接近するものである。
    Aについては、昨年度投稿した論文の修正を行なった。論文は2022年度出版予定の藤田・岡ノ谷編著『言語進化学の創成(仮)』に掲載予定である。ニッチ構築と自己家畜化は相補的な現象であり、本論文では人類進化と絡めてその進行過程を考察している。
    Bについて、本年度の研究計画は、鳥類パートと哺乳類パートに分けられていた。鳥類パートでは、家禽であるジュウシマツの向社会性を調べるための実験系を構築し、その分析結果を『日本動物行動学会』にて発表した(学会発表1)。ジュウシマツは選択的な個体間関係を構築している可能性があり、今後より標本数を大きくしてこの仮説を検証していく。また同じく哺乳類パートについて、家畜化された齧歯類であるラットの向社会性を調べるための実験系を構築し、その分析結果を『人間行動進化学会』にて発表した(学会発表2)。これらの結果は群居性の家畜化動物における向社会性と、ヒトにおける向社会性を比較する上で重要である。
    Cについては、構造生成能力として、概念の再帰的結合能力の進化シミュレーションを構築し、分析結果を国際学会『Leipzig Lectures on Language 2022』にて発表した(学会発表3)。また構造評価能力として、メタ認知能力の進化シミュレーションを構築し、分析結果を『日本動物心理学会』にて発表した(学会発表4)。どちらもニッチ構築と強く関係する能力であり、その進化を明らかにすることは自己家畜化による人類進化シナリオの妥当性に関わる。

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  • 言語の階層構造を生み出す回帰性の起源と進化の解明

    Grant number:16J07821  2016.4 - 2018.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  特別研究員奨励費

    外谷 弦太

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    Grant amount:\1900000 ( Direct Cost: \1900000 )

    今年度の研究実績で主なものは「回帰的操作の出現頻度に対する探索空間の影響」,「回帰的操作の脳内実装に関するモデルの構築」の二つである.以下それぞれの段落で説明を行う.
    物体操作や統語操作においてヒトに特異な回帰的な操作(組み合わせたものを組み合わせる操作)がもつ「組み合わせの多様性促進」という機能について,組み合わせの探索空間のサイズがその進化に影響を及ぼしているという仮説を立て,探索空間のサイズを決定する「組み合わせられる要素の数」と「組み合わせられる要素の種類」をそれぞれパラメータとして分析を行った結果,「組み合わせられる要素の数」が回帰的操作の進化に大きく影響しうることを明らかにした.これは人類進化において,長い行動の計画や道具の組み立て工程が統語能力の発生を促した可能性を示唆しており,言語進化の分野で唱えられている「統語能力の運動制御起源説」を精緻化する結果であると言える.
    次に,この前駆体的な能力の認知一般への転移プロセスを明らかにするため,この回帰的操作にかかわる神経基盤のモデル化を試みた.ヒトと他の動物の言語能力を比較する際に,人工的な文法を用いた学習実験がよく用いられる.しかし,言語野の観察が可能なfMRIでは,線形構造と埋め込み構造を生成することに対する脳のリアルタイムな反応・処理を観察することができないため,それを仮想的に可能とするコンピュータシミュレーションが必要となる.既存のシミュレーションを用いた結果として,埋め込み構造の生成時は線形構造の生成時よりも回帰的操作の使用率が増加することがわかり,関連研究における人工文法処理時の脳活動などと合わせて,回帰的操作に必要な脳部位・脳回路を抽象化した新しいモデルを作ることができた.
    今後は目的と計画通り,このモデルを用いて物体操作における回帰的操作の認知一般への転移,言語ドメインでの進化について分析を行う.

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