Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy, physiological changes can affect eating and sleeping habits, which may eventually have negative consequences for maternal and foetal health. To better understand these changes, it is essential to develop a reliable questionnaire that addresses lifestyle habits such as snacking and daytime napping. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile Questionnaire-Pregnancy (CPQ-P). METHODS: A total of 399 women in their second and third trimester of pregnancy were recruited from government maternal and child health clinics in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and completed a self-administered online questionnaire. Content validity was conducted with an expert panel consisting of 4 members. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using maximum likelihood was conducted to determine the construct validity. Internal consistency was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (CAC), while the test-retest reliability was conducted using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The questionnaire had an appropriate content validity index of 0.91. The CPQ-P consists of 22 items, measuring 5 constructs, including morning chrono-habits, sleeping habits, evening eating, temporal eating, and pregnancy symptoms. The factor model showed good fit with χ2/df = 2.486, GFI = 0.893, CFI = 0.912, and RMSEA = 0.065. The 22 items in CPQ-P showed fair to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.42 to 0.98). The 5 constructs in CPQ-P were found to have a good to excellent internal consistency (α = 0.612-0.963). CONCLUSIONS: The CPQ-P is a valid and reliable tool for assessing lifestyle habits during pregnancy. The questionnaire can be used to identify areas where pregnant women may need additional support or intervention to adopt healthy behaviours and reduce the risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05700136 (clinicaltrials.gov). Trial registration date: 26/01/2023.

DOI： 10.1186/s12884-024-06403-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This study examined the relationship between the frequency of consuming cold or hot meal/drink during summer and the nutritional status, appetite, and energy intake among Japanese older people. The cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2021, targeting 60 adults aged 65 y and older. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used for nutritional status evaluation, the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) for appetite scoring, and food frequency questionnaire to assess energy intake. Participants reported on the frequency of consuming cold or hot meal/drink during the summer. Those who reported consuming hot meals "moderate" (p=0.033) or "frequent" (p=0.005) during summer had a higher BMI than those who reported minimal consumption. Participants who reported "frequent" consumption of hot meals in summer had higher MNA scores than those who reported "minimal" consumption (p=0.014). Participants who reported a "frequent" consumption of hot meals had higher SNAQ scores compared to those who reported "minimal" (p<0.001) or "moderate" (p=0.001). Similarly, participants who reported a "frequent" consumption of hot drinks had higher SNAQ scores than those reporting "minimal" (p=0.021) or "moderate" (p=0.008). The nutritional status and appetite during summer in Japanese older people were associated with the frequency of consuming hot meals and drinks.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.70.288

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/07420528.2023.2285314

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/23328940.2023.2278410

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Ageing is associated with a decline in circadian clock systems, which correlates with the development of ageing-associated diseases. Chrononutrition is a field of chronobiology that examines the relationship between the timing of meal/nutrition and circadian clock systems. Although there is growing evidence regarding the role of chrononutrition in the prevention of lifestyle and ageing-related diseases, the optimal timing of meal intake to regulate the circadian clock in humans remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clock gene expression and meal timing in young and older adults. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 51 healthy young men and 35 healthy older men (age, mean±standard deviation: 24 ± 4 and 70 ± 4 y, respectively). Under daily living conditions, beard follicle cells were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period to evaluate clock gene expression. Participants were asked to record the timing of habitual sleep and wake-up, breakfast, lunch, and dinner. From these data, we calculated "From bedtime to breakfast time," "From wake up to first meal time," and "From dinner to bed time." NR1D1 and PER3 expressions in older adults at 06:00 h were significantly higher than those in young adults (P = 0.001). There were significant differences in the peak time for NR1D2 (P = 0.003) and PER3 (P = 0.049) expression between young and older adults. "From bedtime to breakfast time" was significantly longer in older adults than in young adults. In contrast, "From dinner to bed time" was significantly shorter in older adults than in young adults. Moreover, higher rhythmicity of NR1D1 correlated with longer "From bedtime to breakfast time" (r =  -0.470, P = 0.002) and shorter "From wake up to first meal time" in young adults (r = 0.302, P = 0.032). Higher rhythmicity of PER3 correlated with longer "From bedtime to breakfast time" in older adults (r =  -0.342, P = 0.045). These results suggest that the peak time of clock gene expression in older adults may be phase-advanced compared to that in young adults. In addition, a longer fasting duration from bedtime to breakfast in both young and older adults and earlier intake of meals after waking up in young adults may correlate with robust clock gene expression rhythms.

DOI： 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256855

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Background

Psychological wellbeing during pregnancy is imperative for optimal maternal outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the association between sleep quality, light exposure at night, and psychological wellbeing in the 2^nd and 3^rd trimesters of pregnancy.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted in 9 randomly selected government maternity clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Healthy women aged 20–48 years old with single pregnancy were recruited using convenience sampling (n = 169). Sleep quality, light exposure at night, and psychological wellbeing were self-reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Harvard Light Exposure Assessment (H-LEA), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in the 2^nd trimester and followed-up at the 3^rd trimester.

Results

During the 2^nd and 3^rd trimesters of pregnancy, mild to severe symptoms of stress (10.7 and 11.3%), anxiety (42 and 44.3%), and depression (9.6 and 16.6%) were observed among the participants. Adjusted multiple linear regression revealed that poor sleep quality and higher light exposure at night were attributed to greater stress and depression symptoms in the 3^rd trimester. Higher lux level exposed from 10 pm to &lt; 1 am was associated with increased stress (β = 0.212, p = 0.037) and depression (β = 0.228, p = 0.024). Only poor sleep quality was observed to adversely affect anxiety (β = 0.243, p = 0.002) and depression levels (β = 0.259, p = 0.001) in the 2^nd trimester.

Conclusions

Present study provided preliminary findings on the association between sleep quality, light at night, and psychological wellbeing of pregnant women. As a recommendation, future research could investigate whether public health interventions aimed at decreasing artificial light at night can benefit sleep quality and the psychological health of pregnant women.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-023-16655-y

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-023-16655-y/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Chrononutrition emerges as a novel approach to promote circadian alignment and metabolic health by means of time-of-the-day dietary intake. However, the relationship between maternal circadian rhythm and temporal dietary intake during pregnancy remains understudied. This study aimed to determine the change in melatonin levels in pregnant women across gestation and its association with temporal energy and macronutrient intake. This was a prospective cohort involving 70 healthy primigravidas. During the second and third trimesters, pregnant women provided salivary samples collected at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00, and 3:00 h over a 24 h day for melatonin assay. Data on chrononutrition characteristics were collected using a 3-day food record. Parameters derived from melatonin measurements including mean, amplitude, maximal level, area under the curve with respect to increase (AUC_I), and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUC_G) were computed. A rhythmic melatonin secretion over the day that remained stable across trimesters was observed among the pregnant women. There was no significant elevation in salivary melatonin levels as pregnancy advanced. In the second trimester, higher energy intake during 12:00–15:59 h and 19:00–06:59 h predicted a steeper melatonin AUC_I (β=-0.32, p = 0.034) and higher AUC_G (β = 0.26, p = 0.042), respectively. Macronutrient intake within 12:00–15:59 h was negatively associated with mean melatonin (Fat: β=-0.28, p = 0.041) and AUC_G (Carbohydrate: β=-0.37, p = 0.003; Protein: β=-0.27, p = 0.036; Fat: β=-0.32, p = 0.014). As pregnant women progressed from the second to the third trimester, a flatter AUC_I was associated with a reduced carbohydrate intake during 12:00–15:59 h (β=-0.40, p = 0.026). No significant association was detected during the third trimester. Our findings show that higher energy and macronutrient intakes particularly during 12:00–15:59 h and 19:00–06:59 h are associated with the disparities in maternal melatonin levels. Findings suggest the potential of time-based dietary approaches to entrain circadian rhythm in pregnant women.

DOI： 10.1186/s12884-023-05796-y

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Background/Objectives

Glucose tolerance is controlled by the internal clock and is worse in the evening. From a chrononutrition perspective, diabetes prevention requires evaluating the antidiabetic effects of the timing of functional ingredients and nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to investigate the timing effects of acute mulberry leaf extract (MLE) intake on postprandial glucose levels in young adults.

Subjects/Methods

Twelve young adults underwent four trials. Blood samples were collected in a fasting state and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after eating a mixed meal. The study had a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial design involving: (1) morning placebo trial (08:00 h; MP trial), (2) evening placebo trial (18:00 h; EP trial), (3) morning MLE trial (08:00 h; MM trial), and (4) evening MLE trial (18:00 h; EM trial).

Results

The incremental area under the blood glucose curve (iAUC) in the EM trials was significantly lower than that in the EP trials (P = 0.010). The postprandial glucose concentrations 120 min after the meal were significantly lower in the EM trials than those in the EP trials (P = 0.006). The postprandial insulin concentrations at 120 min were significantly lower in the MM trials than those in the MP trials (P = 0.034). Moreover, the postprandial insulin concentrations 180 min after the meal were significantly lower in the EM trials than those in the EP trials (P = 0.034).

Conclusions

MLE intake in the evening, but not in the morning, was effective in improving glucose tolerance.

Trial registration

Clinical trial reference: UMIN 000045301; website of trial registry: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000051340.

DOI： 10.1038/s41430-023-01259-x

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-023-01259-x

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Chrononutrition has been suggested to have an entrainment effect on circadian rhythm which is crucial for metabolic health. Investigating how chrononutrition affects maternal circadian rhythm can shed light on its role during pregnancy. This study aims to determine chrononutrition characteristics of healthy primigravida during pregnancy and its association with melatonin and cortisol rhythm across gestation. A total of 70 healthy primigravidas were recruited from ten randomly selected government maternal and child clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. During the second and third trimesters, chrononutrition characteristics including meal timing, frequency, eating window, breakfast skipping, and late-night eating were determined using a 3-day food record. Pregnant women provided salivary samples at five time-points over a 24 h period for melatonin and cortisol assay. Consistently across the second and third trimesters, both melatonin and cortisol showed a rhythmic change over the day. Melatonin levels displayed an increment toward the night whilst cortisol levels declined over the day. Majority observed a shorter eating window (≤12 h) during the second and third trimesters (66 and 55%, respectively). Results showed 23 and 28% skipped breakfast whereas 45 and 37% ate within 2 h pre-bedtime. During the third trimester, a longer eating window was associated with lower melatonin mean (β = –0.40, p = 0.006), peak (β = –0.42, p = 0.006), and AUC_G (β = –0.44, p = 0.003). During both trimesters, a lower awakening cortisol level was observed in pregnant women who skipped breakfast (β = –0.33, p = 0.029; β = –0.29, p = 0.044). Only during the second trimester, breakfast-skipping was significantly associated with a greater cortisol amplitude (β = 0.43, p = 0.003). Findings suggest that certain chrononutrition components, particularly eating window and breakfast skipping have a significant influence on maternal melatonin and cortisol rhythm. Dietary intervention targeting these characteristics may be useful in maintaining maternal circadian rhythm.

DOI： 10.3389/fnut.2022.1078086

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

This study aimed to examine the effect of high protein breakfast diet with or without lunch on the postprandial glucose level during the day. A randomized, crossover design that recruited 12 healthy young participants (three men and nine women) was performed and four trials (normal breakfast + skipped lunch, high protein breakfast + skipped lunch, normal breakfast + lunch, and high protein breakfast + lunch) were conducted in two weeks. During each trial, breakfast, lunch, and dinner on the trial day, and dinner before the trial day, were provided as test meals, and the meal timing was fixed. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to assess the blood glucose level during the whole experiment. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of the postprandial glucose level was calculated. The results suggested that compared with normal breakfast, high protein breakfast suppressed the 3 h iAUC of postprandial glucose level after breakfast (p &lt; 0.05 or p &lt; 0.0001) and 1.5 h iAUC after lunch (p &lt; 0.01). During lunch, high protein breakfast diet suppressed the dinner and overall day postprandial glucose level (p &lt; 0.05 vs. normal breakfast), but no significant difference was observed when skipping lunch. Our findings indicate that high protein breakfast could suppress the breakfast postprandial glucose level, as well as following lunch and dinner, but this effect on dinner was attenuated when skipping lunch.

DOI： 10.3390/nu15010085

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Background

The present study examined the effects of different temperatures of carbohydrate-protein-containing drinks after exercise on the subsequent gastric emptying rate in healthy young men.

Methods

Twelve healthy young men completed two, 1-day trials in random order. In both trials, the participants completed intermittent cycling exercise for 20 min, consisting of a 120% heart rate peak for 20 s, followed by 25 W for 40 s. Participants consumed 400 mL of carbohydrate-protein-containing drink (0.85 MJ) at 4 °C (EX + 4 °C) or 60 °C (EX + 60 °C) over a 5-min period after exercise. The participants sat on a chair for 2.5 h to measure their gastric emptying rate using the ¹³C-sodium acetate breath test. Subjective feelings of gastrointestinal discomfort and appetite were measured using a visual analog scale. Interstitial fluid glucose levels after drinking were measured using a continuous glucose-monitoring device.

Results

The percentage excretion of ¹³CO₂ tended to be higher at EX + 60 °C than at EX + 4 °C from the start of the test until 30 min after drink ingestion (5.7 ± 0.5 vs. 6.5 ± 0.4%dose/h for the EX + 4 °C and EX + 60 °C trials, respectively; effect sizes [ES] = 0.277, p = 0.065). The time of maximum ¹³CO₂ emissions per hour (Tmax-calc) and the time of half ¹³CO₂ emissions per hour (T_1/2) did not differ between trials. Subjective gastrointestinal discomfort was lower at EX + 60 °C compared to EX + 4 °C (ES = 0.328, p = 0.041). There were no significant differences in interstitial fluid glucose levels between the different temperatures of carbohydrate-protein-containing drinks after exercise (p = 0.698).

Conclusions

Consumption of warm carbohydrate-protein-containing drinks after exercise may accelerate gastric emptying in the very early phase and may reduce gastric discomfort.

Trial registration

University Hospital Medical Information Network, UMIN000045626. Registered on June 10, 2021.

DOI： 10.1186/s40101-022-00311-2

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Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40101-022-00311-2/fulltext.html

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

Abstract

Study objectives

Sleep problems, such as accumulated sleep loss and social jetlag (SJL), which is characterized by a discrepancy in a person's sleep pattern between the weekday and the weekend, are associated with physical and mental health problems, and academic performance in young ages. However, sex differences in these associations are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sex on sleep-related factors, mental health (negative mood), and academic performance in Japanese children and adolescents.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 9,270 students (boys: N = 4,635, girls: N = 4,635) ranging from the fourth grade of elementary school to the third grade of high school, which typically includes ages 9 to 18 years in Japan. Participants completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Athens Insomnia Scale, self-reported academic performance, and negative mood-related questions.

Results

School grade-related changes in sleep behavior (e.g., delayed bedtime, shortened sleep duration, and increased SJL) were detected. Girls had greater sleep loss on weekdays and SJL on weekends than boys. Multiple regression analysis revealed that sleep loss and SJL were more associated with negative mood and higher insomnia scores in girls than in boys, but not with academic performance.

Conclusion

Sleep loss and SJL in Japanese girls had a higher correlation to their negative mood and tendency to insomnia than in boys. These results suggest the importance of sex-dependent sleep maintenance for children and adolescents.

DOI： 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac035

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Background

Glucose and lipid tolerance reportedly exhibit diurnal variations, being lower in the evening than in the morning. Therefore, the effects of exercise on glucose and blood lipid levels at different times of the day may differ. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term endurance exercise intervention in the morning versus late afternoon on 24-h blood glucose variability and blood lipid levels.

Methods

Twelve healthy young men participated in a randomized crossover trial. The participants were assigned to morning (09:00–11:00) or late afternoon (16:00–18:00) endurance exercise for a week, consisting of supervised exercise sessions on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. In the morning and evening trials, the participants walked for 60 min on a treadmill at approximately 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max). Following a 2-week wash-out period, the participants performed the exercise training regimen at another time point. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to evaluate blood glucose fluctuations during each 24-h trial period. Blood samples were collected before and after each intervention to examine blood lipid and hormonal responses.

Results

Examination of the area under the curve (AUC) of the glucose level changes for 24 h after the late afternoon versus morning exercise intervention revealed significantly lower values for the former versus the latter (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The AUC of glucose level changes after each meal was also lower after the late afternoon versus morning intervention, and significantly lower values were observed in the late afternoon versus morning trial for breakfast and dinner (P &amp;lt; 0.05, P &amp;lt; 0.01). In addition, a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) and TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was noted after versus before the late afternoon intervention (P &amp;lt; 0.05).

Conclusions

These results suggest that late afternoon endurance exercise is more effective than morning endurance exercise at improving 24-h glucose and triglyceride levels.

DOI： 10.3389/fendo.2022.957239

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Background: The effects of different intake patterns of meal protein on muscle mass have not been clarified. We cross-sectionally and longitudinally examined the effect of different timing of protein intake on sarcopenia-related factors in older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study 1 included 219 (male, n = 69, female, n = 150) elderly subjects aged ≥65 years. Subjects who consumed more protein at breakfast than at dinner were grouped into the morning group (MG, n = 76; male, n = 26; female, n = 50), and those who consumed more protein at dinner than at breakfast were grouped into the evening group (EG, n = 143; male, n = 43; female, n = 100). In cross-sectional study 2-1 (female, n = 125), the subjects were classified into four groups according to the number of meals with sufficient protein intake. In cross-sectional studies 2-2 (female, n = 125) and 2-3 (female, n = 27), the subjects were classified into eight groups and three groups according to whether they had consumed sufficient protein at three meals; sarcopenia-related factors were compared. The intervention study was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled trial that included 40 elderly women with low daily breakfast protein intake. The subjects were divided into four groups: morning protein and placebo intake groups and evening protein and placebo intake groups. Each group consumed the test food (containing 10 g milk protein) or placebo in the morning or evening for 12 weeks. Blood indices and physical function were assessed before and after the intervention.

Results: Comparing all subjects, MG showed significantly higher handgrip strength than did EG (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The higher ratio of morning protein intake relative to the total protein intake, the better the muscle mass (r = 0.452, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and handgrip strength (r = 0.383, P &amp;lt; 0.05). The intervention study showed an increase in muscle mass with the intake of milk protein in the morning rather than in the evening (P &amp;lt; 0.05).

Conclusions: Protein intake at breakfast might have relatively stronger effects on skeletal muscle mass than at lunch and dinner.

DOI： 10.3389/fnut.2021.797004

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

DOI： 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.1c00236

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109336

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Psychological distress during pregnancy may increase the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Past studies have demonstrated the association between circadian disturbances with psychological health. However, the roles of chronotype and social jetlag on psychological state during pregnancy are yet to be identified. We aimed to examine the psychological state in pregnant women and its relations to chronotype, social jetlag (SJL), sleep quality and cortisol rhythm. The current study included a subsample of participants from an ongoing cohort study. A total of 179 primigravidas (mean age 28.4 ± 4.0 years) were recruited. Chronotype and sleep quality during the second trimester were assessed using the Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. SJL was calculated based on the difference between mid-sleep on workdays and free days. Psychological state of participants was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Subsamples (n = 70) provided salivary samples at 5 time points over a 24 h period during the second trimester for cortisol assay. A higher proportion of pregnant women experienced moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (n = 77, 43.0%), followed by depressive (n = 17, 9.5%) and stress (n = 14, 7.8%) symptoms. No association was observed between chronotype and psychological distress during pregnancy. There was no significant difference in cortisol rhythms in relation to psychological distress. SJL and sleep quality were significantly associated with stress symptoms among pregnant women in the second trimester. Poor sleep quality, particularly daytime dysfunction (β = 0.37, p = .006) and sleep disturbances (β = 0.23, p = .047), were significantly associated with psychological distress (depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms) during the second trimester. The findings suggest that sleep is a potential modifiable lifestyle factor that can be targeted to improve psychological health among pregnant women.

DOI： 10.1080/07420528.2021.1902338

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythm plays an important role as our internal body's clock that synchronizes behavior and physiology according to the external 24-h light-dark cycle. Past studies have associated disrupted circadian rhythm with higher risk of miscarriages, preterm birth and low birth weights. This paper described the protocol of a prospective cohort study which aims to determine the circadian rhythm in pregnant women, identify its association with maternal factors during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, birth and infant outcomes. METHODS: Ten government maternal and child health clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia will be randomly selected. Sample size of 438 first-trimester pregnant women will be followed-up until the birth of their infant. Salivary melatonin and cortisol concentration among subsample will be determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data on sleep quality, psychological distress and morningness/eveningness chronotype of pregnant women will be collected using validated questionnaires. Pedometer will be used to measure 5-day physical activity data. Total gestational weight gain will be determined at the end of pregnancy. Utilization of 3-day food record is to capture meal timing and nutrient intake. All measurements will be done in 2nd and 3rd trimester. Birth outcomes will be collected through clinic records and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Neonatal questionnaire. Infants will be followed-up at 6 and 12 months old to obtain anthropometric measurements. DISCUSSION: There is a growing recognition of the role of maternal circadian rhythm, which entrains fetal circadian rhythms that may subsequently have long-term health consequences. The present study will identify the effect of circadian rhythm on pregnancy outcomes and infant growth in the first year of life.

DOI： 10.1186/s12884-020-2797-2

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12884-020-2797-2/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

To examine the effects of the intake of a snack containing dietary fiber under free-living conditions on postprandial glucose levels in older adults, nine healthy older adults aged 76.9 ± 1.6 years (mean ± standard error) completed two crossover trials: 1) regular snack (BISCUIT) intake and 2) intake of snacks with a high dietary fiber content (DF-BISCUIT). In both trials, each participant consumed either BISCUIT or DF-BISCUIT between lunch and dinner time for 1 week. During the intervention, the blood glucose levels of all the subjects were observed using a continuous glucose monitoring system. Lower 24 h blood glucose levels were yielded in the DF-BISCUIT than the BISCUIT trials. Moreover, compared to the BISCUIT trials, the blood glucose levels after dinner and areas under the curve (AUCs) were significantly decreased in the DF-BISCUIT treatments. The blood glucose levels and AUCs after the intake of the next day’s breakfast were suppressed in the DF-BISCUIT treatments compared to those in the BISCUIT trials. Our data indicate that the intake of snacks with a high dietary fiber content under free-living conditions is an effective way to restrain postprandial glucose levels and that the effect lasts until breakfast the next day.

DOI： 10.3390/foods9101500

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

To date, nutritional studies have focused on the total intake of dietary fiber rather than intake timing. In this study, we examined the effect of the timing of daily Helianthus tuberosus ingestion on postprandial and 24 h glucose levels, as well as on intestinal microbiota in older adults. In total, 37 healthy older adults (age = 74.9 ± 0.8 years) were recruited. The participants were randomly assigned to either a morning group (MG, n = 18) or an evening group (EG, n = 17). The MG and EG groups were instructed to take Helianthus tuberosus powder (5 g/day) just before breakfast or dinner, respectively, for 1 week after the 1-week control period. The glucose levels of all participants were monitored using a continuous glucose monitoring system throughout the 2 weeks. The intestinal microbiota was analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA genes from feces before and after the intervention. There were no significant differences in the physical characteristics or energy intake between groups. Helianthus tuberosus intake led to decreases in tissue glucose levels throughout the day in both groups (p &lt; 0.01, respectively). As a result of examining the fluctuations in tissue glucose levels up to 4 hours after each meal, significant decreases in the areas under the curves (AUCs) were observed for all three meals after intervention, but only in the MG (breakfast: p = 0.012, lunch: p = 0.002, dinner: p = 0.005). On the other hand, in the EG, there was a strong decrease in the AUC after dinner, but only slight decreases after breakfast and lunch (breakfast: p = 0.017, lunch: p = 0.427, dinner: p = 0.002). Moreover, the rate of change in the peak tissue glucose level at breakfast was significantly decreased in the MG compared to the EG (p = 0.027). A greater decrease was observed in the change in the blood glucose level after the ingestion of Helianthus tuberosus in the MG than in the EG. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus in the MG at the genus level was significantly higher at baseline than in the EG (p = 0.016) and it was also significantly lower after the intervention (p = 0.013). Our findings indicate that Helianthus tuberosus intake in the morning might have relatively stronger effects on the intestinal microbiota and suppress postprandial glucose levels to a greater extent than when taken in the evening.

DOI： 10.3390/nu12103035

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

PURPOSE: Dietary replacement of an acute exercise-induced energy deficit offsets the postprandial triglyceride (TG)-lowering effect of exercise in young boys and middle-aged men. It is unclear whether these findings are observed when exercise is accumulated in older adults. This study examined the effect of accumulating short bouts of exercise, with and without dietary replacement of an exercise-induced energy deficit, on postprandial TG in older women. METHODS: Seventeen older women (≥ 65 years) underwent three, 8-h trials: (1) control, (2) accumulated walking and (3) accumulated walking with energy replacement. During the control trial, participants rested for 8 h. The accumulated walking trials comprised twenty 1.5 min brisk walking bouts performed at a pre-determined self-selected pace separated by 15 min seated rest. In each trial, participants consumed a standardised breakfast and lunch. The breakfast in the accumulated walking with energy replacement trial included replacement of the energy deficit (0.62 MJ, 149 kcal) induced by exercise. Venous blood samples were collected fasted and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after breakfast. RESULTS: Time-averaged postprandial serum TG concentrations over 8 h were lower after accumulated walking than control and accumulated walking with energy replacement (mean ± SD: 1.46 ± 0.93 vs 1.71 ± 1.01 vs 1.60 ± 0.98 mmol/L, respectively: main effect of trial p = 0.017). There was little difference between control and accumulated walking with energy replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing the energy expenditure induced by accumulating 30 min of brisk walking in short (1.5 min) bouts diminishes the postprandial TG-lowering effect in older women.

DOI： 10.1007/s00394-020-02234-z

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00394-020-02234-z/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

We examined the impact of consuming biscuits with a beverage of powdered mulberry or barley leaves in the afternoon on postprandial glucose levels at dinnertime among young adults. A total of 18 young adults participated in a partially double-blinded, randomized crossover trial over 2 weeks, consuming either: (1) no biscuits; (2) a biscuit; (3) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered mulberry leaves; or (4) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered barley leaves, as an afternoon snack followed by a standardized test dinner. Glucose levels were recorded after each meal. Results showed intake of biscuits with a beverage of mulberry and barley leaves significantly reduced postprandial rises in glucose after their immediate consumption and dinner, though there was no direct relationship between the glucose levels at the two meals. Compared to those with low glucose levels, participants with high glucose levels at dinner showed a stronger second meal effect, that was attributed to the mulberry or barley leaves, and were also more likely to have lean body weights and prefer evenings. Our findings indicate that eating snacks alongside mulberry or barley leaves is an effective way to suppress postprandial glucose levels in young adults with high glucose levels who prefer evenings.

DOI： 10.3390/nu12061580

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

We examined the effects of the timing of acute and consecutive epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and catechin-rich green tea ingestion on postprandial glucose in mice and human adults. In mouse experiments, we compared the effects of EGCG administration early (morning) and late (evening) in the active period on postprandial glucose. In human experiments, participants were randomly assigned to the morning-placebo (MP, n = 10), morning-green tea (MGT, n = 10), evening-placebo (EP, n = 9), and evening-green tea (EGT, n = 9) groups, and consumed either catechin-rich green tea or a placebo beverage for 1 week. At baseline and after 1 week, participants consumed their designated beverages with breakfast (MP and MGT) or supper (EP and EGT). Venous blood samples were collected in the fasted state and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after each meal. Consecutive administration of EGCG in the evening, but not in the morning, reduced postprandial glucose at 30 (p = 0.006) and 60 (p = 0.037) min in the evening trials in mice. In humans, ingestion of catechin-rich green tea in the evening decreased postprandial glucose (three-factor analysis of variance, p &lt; 0.05). Thus, catechin intake in the evening more effectively suppressed elevation of postprandial glucose.

DOI： 10.3390/nu12020565

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BMJ  

INTRODUCTION: Elevated non-fasting triglyceride (TG) concentrations are a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases but can be reduced after acute exercise. Ethnic-based differences in the magnitude of postprandial lipaemia and the extent that acute exercise reduces postprandial TG are poorly characterised across some ethnicities including those of East Asian origin. This paper describes the protocol of a multisite randomised crossover study comparing the effect of acute walking on postprandial TG in two groups of East Asian men with European men. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Twenty Japanese, 20 Singaporean Chinese and 20 white British healthy men (21-39 years) recruited from Japan, Singapore and the UK, respectively, will complete two, 2-day trials. Fasted and postprandial venous blood samples and arterial blood pressure measurements will be taken over 6 hours the day after either: (1) 60-min treadmill walking; or (2) a rest day of normal living. The primary outcome is the difference in postprandial TG among ethnic groups after rest and walking. Secondary outcomes include cholesterol, glucose, insulin, ketone bodies, preheparin lipoprotein lipase, C-reactive protein and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee on Research with Human Subjects of Waseda University and the Nanyang Technological University Institutional Review Board. Relevant approval will be obtained from the UK site. Research findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publication and health conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000038625.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000928

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease, and dietary modification is a crucial part of disease management. Okara is a sustainable source of fibre-rich food. Most of the valorization research on okara focused more on the physical attributes instead of the possible health attributes. The fermentation of okara using microbes originated from food source, such as tea, sake, sufu and yoghurt, were explored here. The aim of this study is to investigate fermented okara as a functional food ingredient to reduce blood glucose levels. Fermented and non-fermented okara extracts were analyzed using the metabolomic approach with UHPLC-QTof-MSE. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the anthraquinones, emodin and physcion, served as potential markers and differentiated Eurotium cristatum fermented okara (ECO) over other choices of microbes. The in-vitro α-glucosidase activity assays and in-vivo mice studies showed that ECO can reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. A 20% ECO loading crispy snack prototype revealed a good nutrition composition and could serve as a fundamental formulation for future antidiabetes recipe development, strengthening the hypothesis that ECO can be used as a novel food ingredient for diabetic management.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-54021-4

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Green tea polyphenols, particularly catechins, decrease fasting and postprandial glucose. However, no studies have compared the timing of green tea ingestion on glucose metabolism and changes in catechin concentrations. Here, we examined the effects of timing of acute catechin-rich green tea ingestion on postprandial glucose metabolism in young men. Seventeen healthy young men completed four trials involving blood collection in a fasting state and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after meal consumption in a random order: 1) morning placebo trial (09:00 h; MP trial), 2) evening placebo trial (17:00 h; EP trial), 3) morning catechin-rich green tea trial (09:00 h; MGT trial), and 4) evening catechin-rich green tea trial (17:00 h; EGT trial). The concentrations of glucose at 120 min (P=.031) and 180 min (P=.013) after meal intake were significantly higher in the MGT trials than in the MP trials. Additionally, the concentration of glucose was significantly lower in EGT trials than in the EP trials at 60 min (P=.014). Moreover, the concentrations of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide were significantly lower in the green tea trials than in the placebo trials at 30 min (morning: P=.010, evening: P=.006) and 60 min (morning: P=.001, evening: P=.006) after meal intake in both the morning and evening trials. Our study demonstrated that acute ingestion of catechin-rich green tea in the evening reduced postprandial plasma glucose concentrations.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108221

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[Purpose] Little is known about the effectiveness of daily physical activity on depression biomarkers in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the effects of increased daily physical activity for 8 weeks on depression biomarkers in postmenopausal women. [Participants and Methods] Thirty-eight postmenopausal females were randomly assigned into a control or an active group and were asked to wear a uniaxial accelerometer for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the intervention. During the intervention, the active group was asked to increase their physical activity level above their usual lifestyle whereas those in the control group maintained their daily lifestyle. [Results] After the 8-week intervention, the step counts of the participants in the active group increased. The serum concentration of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin increased significantly in the active group, but not in the control group, as compared with baseline values. The serum concentration of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential did not change after the intervention in either group. [Conclusion] These findings may suggest that promotion of daily physical activity in postmenopausal women has a positive impact on depression without any change in oxidative stress.

DOI： 10.1589/jpts.31.408

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We examined the effects of meal timing on postprandial glucose metabolism, including the incretin response and metabolites in healthy adults. Nineteen healthy young men completed two trials involving blood collection in a fasting state and at 30, 60 and 120 min after meal provision in a random order: (1) morning (~0900 h) and (2) evening (~1700 h). The blood metabolome of eight participants was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Postprandial glucose concentrations at 120 min (p = 0.030) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations (p = 0.005) at 60 min in the evening trials were higher than those in the morning trials. The incremental area under the curve values of five glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and nucleotide-related metabolites and 18 amino acid-related metabolites were higher in the morning trials than those in the evening trials (p < 0.05). Partial least-squares analysis revealed that the total metabolic change was higher in the morning. Our study demonstrates that a meal in the evening exacerbates the state of postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults. In addition, this study provides insight into the difference of incretion and blood metabolites between breakfast and dinner, indicating that the total metabolic responses tends to be higher in the morning.

DOI： 10.3390/nu10111763

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of neutrophil dynamics and function in exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and the effect of molecular hydrogen (H₂) intake on these parameters. Nine healthy and active young men performed H₂ and placebo bath trial in a crossover design. They carried out downhill running (-8% slope) for 30 min at a speed corresponding to 75~85% of peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak). Subsequently, they repeated bathing for 20 min per day for one week. Degree of muscle soreness (visual analogue scale: VAS), peripheral leukocyte counts, neutrophil dynamics and function, muscle damage, and inflammation markers were measured. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 concentration was significantly correlated with peripheral neutrophil count, VAS, and serum creatine kinase activity, respectively, after downhill running. Peripheral neutrophil count and serum myoglobin concentration were also significantly correlated. Conversely, there were no effects of H₂ bath. These results suggest that IL-6 may be involved in the mobilization of neutrophils into the peripheral blood and subsequent EIMD and DOMS after downhill running; however, it is not likely that H₂ bath is effective for the inflammatory process that was centered on neutrophils after downhill running.

DOI： 10.3390/antiox7100127

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DOI： 10.1080/07420528.2018.1490315

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We examined the relationships between chronotype or social jetlag and clock gene expression. Twenty-four young men [Chronotype: morningness, n = 8; intermediate, n = 8, eveningness, n = 8], aged 27 ± 2 years old (mean ± SE), completed two trials in a randomized order: (1) a Friday trial and (2) a Monday trial. In both trials, hair follicle cells were collected to evaluate the expression of clock genes over a 24-hour period at 4-hour intervals. There was a significant main effect of time on the expression of NR1D1, NR1D2, and PER3 (P < 0.001) in the morningness group, but not in the eveningness group. Changes in the peak time of expression of NR1D1 (r = 0.434, P = 0.034), NR1D2 (r = 0.481, P = 0.017), and PER3 (r = 0.457, P = 0.025) from the Friday to Monday trials were positively correlated with social jetlag (SJL) time. Our findings indicate that there was no change in the patterns of clock gene expression between workdays and the day after the holiday in the morningness group, and that SJL time influences the peak time of clock gene expression, moving it from the early to late workday, after a holiday.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-018-28616-2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology  

DOI： 10.1007/s10068-018-0307-3

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Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) might be a meaningful indicator of dementia onset or mild cognitive impairment, and identifying the related factors of SCC could contribute to preventing these diseases. However, the relationship between SCC and lifestyle factors remains largely unproven. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of type of sedentary behavior, physical activity, or their combination with SCC among community-dwelling older adults. In 2016, 6677 community-living elderly were recruited to participate in a survey investigating cognition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. In total, 5328 participants responded to the questionnaire (79.8% valid response rate). SCC was assessed using the National Functional Survey Questionnaire (Kihon checklist). The relationships between SCC and physical activity, sedentary behavior (reading books or newspapers, and television viewing), or combined physical activity and sedentary behavior were examined via multiple logistic regression analysis. The analysis revealed that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (≥150 min/week) was significantly related with a lower risk of SCC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74-0.97), and that reading behavior showed a dose-response relationship with SCC (OR for 10-20 min/day = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.53-0.75; OR for 20-30 min/day = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.49-0.71; OR for ≥30 min/day = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.39-0.57). In addition, among those reporting high physical activity and ≥30 min/day for reading time, the OR for SCC was 0.40 (95% CI = 0.32-0.50) compared with the combined group reporting lower physical activity and non-readers. The present study shows that increased physical activity and reading time may be related to a reduced risk for SCC among community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0195384

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The circadian clock regulates many physiological functions including physical activity and feeding patterns. In addition, scheduled exercise and feeding themselves can affect the circadian clock. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical/feeding activity and expression of clock genes in hair follicle cells in older adults. Twenty adult men (age, 68 ± 7 years, mean ± SE) were examined in this cross-sectional study. Prior to hair follicle cell collection, the participants were asked to wear a uniaxial accelerometer for one week. The timings of breakfast, lunch, and dinner were also recorded. Hair follicle cells were then collected over a 24 h period at 4 h intervals. The amplitude of PER3 expression was positively correlated with moderate and vigorous physical activity (r = 0.582, p = 0.007) and peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.481, p = 0.032), but these correlations were not observed for NR1D1 or NR1D2. No association was noted between meal times and the amplitude or the acrophase for any of these three clock genes. These findings suggest that rhythmic expression of the circadian clock gene PER3 is associated with the amount of daily physical activity and physical fitness in older adults.

DOI： 10.1038/srep39771

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(一社)日本老年医学会  

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cognitive decline and physical activity, sitting time, and social participation among elderly people living independently in a local community. METHODS: In January 2015, 1,133 independently-living elderly individuals from a local Japanese community completed self-administrated questionnaires. A total of 929 participants completed the questionnaire (valid response rate: 82.0%). A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between cognitive decline, physical activity, sitting time, and social participation. The factors related to cognitive decline were examined using three statistical models: (1) Model 1 was not adjusted for any factors; (2) Model 2 was adjusted for age, education level, smoking status, and drinking status; and (3) Model 3 was adjusted for the covariates in Model 2, plus depression. RESULTS: Cognitive decline was observed in 33% of men and 26% of women. The results indicated that decreased social participation was significantly related to cognitive decline in Models 1 and 2. For men, local community activity and political/economic activity were significantly associated with cognitive decline in Models 1 and 2. Among women, physical activity was significantly related to cognitive decline in Model 1. There was also a significant association between social participation and cognitive decline in Models 1 and 2; decreased volunteer activity was significantly related to cognitive decline in all three models. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicated that attending volunteer activities was significantly related to cognitive decline in women.

DOI： 10.3143/geriatrics.54.143

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本公衆衛生学会  

Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of knee pain in independent community-dwelling elderly people and to examine the basic characteristics (sex and age) of those experiencing knee pain.Methods Survey on the health status and lifestyle habits was conducted for all (6,790) independent elderly who were 65 years or older, living in Tsuru City, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. The survey was carried out using a mailing questionnaire for 1 month from January 12 to February 11, 2016. Knee pain was defined as subjective pain in and around the knee joint in either one or both knees, on most days during the past month. Participants answered "Yes" if they were experienced knee pain, and "No" if they did not experience knee pain. Sex and age were investigated as basic characteristics of the participants by the questionnaire. The prevalence rate of knee pain was calculated as follows: the total number of people with knee pain divided by the total number of the respondents in the study. To examine the relationships between knee pain and age or sex, these basic characteristics were analyzed using a Chi-square test for the prevalence of knee pain within sex and age groups.Results The number of survey respondents was 5,328 (response rate: 78.5%). The number of valid respondents with complete data was 5,186 (valid response rate: 76.4%). The number of subjects who responded "with knee pain" was 1,733. The prevalence rate of knee pain was 33.4%. In addition, sex and age demonstrated strong associations with the prevalence of knee pain (both, P<0.001). In other words, the prevalence rate was higher in the elderly women than in elderly men and increased with age.Conclusion The present study suggested that one in three independently living elderly who live in medium-sized local municipalities in Japan experience chronic knee pain. The basic characteristics of a community-dwelling independent elderly with knee pain are to be a woman and older age.

DOI： 10.11236/jph.64.6_322

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本公衆衛生学会  

DOI： 10.11236/jph.63.9_560

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2016&ichushi_jid=J01074&link_issn=&doc_id=20161102410002&doc_link_id=130005277303&url=http%3A%2F%2Fci.nii.ac.jp%2Fnaid%2F130005277303&type=CiNii&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00003_1.gif

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本健康支援学会  

インターネット調査会社登録者のうち30歳代、40歳代、50歳代の男性1624人、女性1593人を対象に、野菜摂取行動と社会経済的地位、ヘルスリテラシー(HL)との関連について検討した。HL得点(1〜5点)の中央値は男女とも3.8点であった。3.8点未満の低HL群に比べ、3.8点以上の高HL群では男女とも50歳代、世帯収入700万円以上、最終学歴大学・大学院で多かった。野菜料理を毎日たっぷり(1日350g程度)食べることをいつも/時々している者は男女とも高HL群で有意に多かった。HLは単変量解析で世帯収入、最終学歴との間に正の関連を認め、多変量解析では世帯収入(300万円以上)、最終学歴(専門・短大・高専・大学・大学院)との間に正の関連を認めた。野菜摂取行動は単変量解析で世帯収入、最終学歴、HLとの間に正の関連を認め、多変量解析では世帯収入(300万円以上)、最終学歴(大学・大学院)、HL高群との間に正の関連を認めた。

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DOI： 10.1007/s10995-016-2008-y

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DOI： 10.1139/apnm-2015-0702

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DOI： 10.1055/s-0035-1559791

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DOI： 10.1186/s12889-016-2748-z

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Society of Physical Therapy Science (Rigaku Ryoho Kagakugakkai)  

DOI： 10.1589/rika.31.363

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Lifelong Sports  

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the domains of physicalactivity (work, travel, and recreation) and depression among Japanese adults. Data from 1,431 menand 1,476 women (age: 30–59 years) who responded to an internet-based, cross-sectional surveywere analyzed. The survey included 1) depression measured by the Centre for EpidemiologicalStudies Depression scale (CES-D), 2) physical activity measured by the Global Physical ActivityQuestionnaire version 2 (GPAQ v2), and 3) covariates (gender, age, household income, educationallevel, employment status, body mass index, smoking, drinking alcohol, and chronic disease). Toexamine associations between depression and physical activity, logistic regression analysis wasused to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for depression. Amongmen, depression was significantly associated with the total (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.57–0.88), travelrelated(0.75; 0.61–0.94), and recreational (0.69; 0.54-0.87) physical activities. However, depressionwas not significantly associated with work-related physical activity (1.00; 0.76–1.32) adjusted bycovariates. Among women, depression was significantly related to travel-related (0.69; 0.56–0.86)and recreational (0.61; 0.48–0.79) physical activities. However, depression was not significantlyassociated with total (0.81; 0.65–1.00) and work-related (0.89; 0.66–1.21) physical activities adjustedby covariates. Therefore, these results showed that travel-related and recreational physicalactivity was significantly associated with less depression among men and women.

DOI： 10.14838/jjls.13_2_35

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.65.297

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DOI： 10.1139/apnm-2015-0123

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Kowsar Medical Publishing Company  

DOI： 10.5812/asjsm.24902

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DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0137567

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.64.485

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DOI： 10.1055/s-0034-1372641

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DOI： 10.1017/S0007114514002530

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本臨床スポーツ医学会  

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DOI： 10.1055/s-0033-1357185

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DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.119

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DOI： 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.05.005

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DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.59.375

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-volume exercise training (100 min/week) on oxidative stress and neutrophils activation markers in older adults. Twenty-eight older adults (age range 65-78 years) were assigned into control (n = 14) or exercise (n = 14) groups. The exercise program consisted of walking 30-60 min/session, 2 days each week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken before starting the sessions (baseline) and when they ended. Fasting plasma and serum oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were measured using commercial kits. Cell surface expression of adhesion molecules on circulating leukocytes (CD66b and CD62L) was determined using flow cytometry. The concentrations of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites tended to be lower than the baseline values only in the exercise group (P = 0.05). The biological antioxidant potential, thioredoxin concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase activities significantly increased only in the exercise group (P < 0.05 for all). While CD66b expression tended to decrease only in the exercise group, CD62L expression significantly increased (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that exercise training below the current recommended level of at least 150 min/week attenuates basal oxidative stress and neutrophil activation in older adults. Thus, our findings may encourage more people to incorporate a small amount of physical activity into their lives.

DOI： 10.1007/s00421-012-2531-5

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DOI： 10.1186/1743-7075-10-38

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DOI： 10.1055/s-0032-1321897

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DOI： 10.1080/02640414.2012.733824

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床化学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本補完代替医療学会  

DOI： 10.1625/jcam.9.89

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10010468141?from=CiNii

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DOI： 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.04.006

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DOI： 10.1038/ejcn.2012.58

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：早稲田大学スポーツ科学学術院  

クルクミン投与がカルディオトキシン(CTX)誘導性筋損傷における炎症反応、酸化ストレスおよび炎症細胞浸潤に及ぼす影響について検討した。クルクミン投与群には前脛骨筋にCTXおよびPBSを注入した直後にクルクミンを含むPBSを経口投与した。クルクミン非投与群にはPBSを経口投与した。TNF-αタンパク質濃度はPBS投与脚では検出感度未満であったが、CTX投与脚では検出感度以上の濃度を示したが、クルクミン投与による有意な変化はみられなかった。骨格筋組織内における炎症性サイトカインタンパク質濃度および遺伝子発現量は、CTX投与脚においてPBS投与脚と比較して有意に高かったが、クルクミン投与による有意な抑制はみられなかった。過酸化水素およびNADPHオキシダーゼの遺伝子発現は、CTX投与脚においてPBS投与脚と比較して有意に高かったが、クルクミン投与による有意な抑制はみられなかった。

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of one night of sleep deprivation on maximal fat oxidation during a graded exercise test. Ten healthy young males underwent two 2-day control and sleep deprivation trials. Participants were allowed normal sleep from 2300 to 0700 for the control trial, whereas they were required to stay awake for 34 h during the sleep deprivation trial. At 1700 on day 2, participants performed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill; this allowed us to determine maximal oxygen uptake and maximal fat oxidation. Before and immediately after the graded exercise test, blood samples were collected in order to measure glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, and triglyceride concentrations. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher in the sleep deprivation trial than in the control trial before the graded exercise test. Serum insulin and free fatty acid concentrations were not significantly different between the two trials. Serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the sleep deprivation trial than in the control trial. The maximal fat oxidation rate, oxygen uptake, and heart rate at maximal fat oxidation intensity, during the graded exercise test, were not significantly different between the two trials. These findings suggest that maximal fat oxidation during graded exercise is unaffected by one night of sleep deprivation.

DOI： 10.7600/jpfsm.2.121

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10016691215?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three different intensities of exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Eight healthy male subjects performed three different intensities of exercise for 20 minutes: (1) 70% anaerobic threshold (AT) (light intensity, LI), (2) 100% AT (moderate intensity, MI), and (3) 130% AT (high intensity, HI) on a cycle ergometer. A control (C) trial was conducted under resting conditions. Blood samples were taken pre-exercise, immediately and 30 min after exercise. In the HI trial only, the concentrations of plasma derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) were significantly higher immediately (P<0.01) and 30 min after exercise (P<0.05) than at pre-exercise. Furthermore, plasma trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was significantly higher immediately after exercise in the HI trial (P<0.01). And, plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was significantly higher immediately after exercise than at pre-exercise in the MI (P<0.05) and HI trials (P<0.01). These data suggest that 20 min of pedaling exercise above the AT level may increase ROS production, while endogenous enzyme activity (especially GPX activity) or non-enzymatic antioxidants may modulate exercise-induced ROS generation. Thus, exercise under the AT level induces very little oxidative stress damage in young people.

DOI： 10.7600/jpfsm.1.183

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014357981

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1055/s-0031-1279770

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本臨床生理学会  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本補完代替医療学会  

DOI： 10.1625/jcam.8.25

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00367089380?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5551/jat.7773

Web of Science

PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：The University of Tokushima  

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

Cardiac cycle is divided to two phases, systolic and diastolic phase. Diastolic time (DT) correlates with the degree of coronary circulation. Systolic time (ST) is determined as interval of first heart sound (S1) and second heart sound (S2), DT is determined from the equation of [RR interval-ST]. Obara et al have reported that ST and DT fit well a cubic regression equation in relation to RR interval that converged to the origin of the coordinates. The purpose of this study is to compare the percent of DT for RR interval (%DT) at the same HR during exercise among persons of different age and fitness. Subjects were 9 aged low fit persons (ALF), 8 aged high fit persons (AHF) and 8 young male students (YHF). The exercise test was performed on a cycle ergometer with an incremental loading method. %DT at HR 110bpm was compared among three groups. At HR 110bpm, the mean %DTs (SD) were 47.2 (2.2)%, 54.7 (4.9)%, 56.0 (1.5)% in three groups of ALF, AHF and YHF, respectively. The %DT in ALF were significantly lower than that in AHF and YHF. However, there was no significant difference of %DT between AHF and YHF. These results indicate that low fitness aged person appear to reach below 50% of %DT at HR 110bpm. Furthermore these results demonstrate the importance of evaluating the cardiac diastolic time during exercise..

CiNii Books

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Total pages：x, 221p   Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Total pages：vi, 200p   Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

Maintaining a balance between energy intake and expenditure is crucial for overall health. There are seasonal variations in energy intake, with an increase during spring and winter as well as a decrease during summer. These variations are related to a combination of environmental factors, including changes in temperature and daylight hours; social factors, including events and holidays; and physiological factors, including changes in physical activity and emotions. Accordingly, this review aimed to summarize the environmental, social, and physiological factors that contribute to seasonal variations in energy intake. A review of the current literature revealed that changes in temperature and daylight hours may affect eating behavior by altering homeostatic responses and appetite-related hormones. Additionally, increased participation in events and frequency of eating out, especially during winter vacations, may contribute to increased energy intake. Notably, these findings may not be generalisable to all populations since environmental and social factors can vary significantly depending on the local climatic zones and cultural backgrounds. The findings of the present review indicate that seasonal climate, events, and associated hormonal changes should be taken into account in order to maintain adequate energy intake throughout the year.

DOI： 10.3389/fnut.2023.1192223

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.11.003

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Center for Academic Publications Japan  

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.68.s2

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

<p>Circadian rhythms have been shown to regulate several physiological functions including body temperature, sleep/wake cycle, physical activity, and cognition. These functions are controlled by circadian clock genes, and the circadian clock system in the body is classified into two clocks which are the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Therefore, many researchers are conducting basic and applied research on the relationship between circadian rhythm in peripheral tissues and physiological functions including sports performance and effects of acute exercise and exercise training. On the other hand, it has been shown that abnormal circadian rhythms and disturbance of circadian rhythms can lead to the development of several diseases such as diabetes, cancer, sarcopenia, depression, and dementia. Thus, it is also important to regulate individual circadian rhythm by considering for timing of exercise and daily physical activity. Exercise and physical activity are found to have an influence on circadian rhythms regulation (Chrono-exercise) and accumulate evidences between timing of exercise and health outcomes. This review aims to introduce evidence for chrono-exercise and suggests the importance for considering the timing of exercise and physical activity.</p>

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.69.351

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Authorship：Lead author  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)メディカルレビュー社  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)杏林書院  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)   Publisher：中央労働災害防止協会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)   Publisher：中央労働災害防止協会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：医歯薬出版(株)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)   Publisher：中央労働災害防止協会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：医歯薬出版(株)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

DOI： 10.7600/jpfsm.1.499

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Event date： 2023.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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