Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

Abstract

Cells expressing heterologous olfactory receptors (ORs) were commonly used as the sensing elements in odor biosensors owing to their high sensitivity and selectivity. However, The odor quantification performance of these biosensors especially in speed and accuracy aspects is not so favorable yet. To overcome this problem, we proposed discrete and continuous odor quantification. In this study, two ORs, Or13a and Or56a, and their agonists, 1-octen-3-ol and geosmin were used. The cell images were handled online to accelerate the processing speed. The odor intensity that we intended to quantify was the target odor, the odor intensity that we provided was the generated odor. The target and generated odors were repeatedly applied thus mitigating the sensor drift and aging influence. The target odor quantification outcome could be one of several discrete candidates (discrete quantification) or a continuous value computed based on the standard response curve (continuous quantification). We first obtained the typical results of the discrete and continuous quantification methods using single OR. After this, we executed the experiments in multiple target odor intensities and made a comparison between two methods. Discrete quantification was simpler while continuous quantification was faster and more accurate. In addition, both methods were tested under binary odor mixture conditions and their quantification results were satisfactory. The methods proposed here will benefit the on-site precise quantification of odor biosensors.

DOI： 10.1088/1361-6501/ad3bdc

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6501/ad3bdc/pdf

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2024.130762

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

The Amperometric Gas Sensor (AGS) uses an electrode as the transducer element which converts its signal into a current from the electrochemical reaction of analytes taking place at the electrode surface. Many attempts to improve AGS performance, such as modifying the working electrode, applying a particular gas-permeable membrane, and selecting the proper electrolyte, etc., have been reported in the scientific literature. On the other hand, in the materials community, atomic gold has gained much attention because its physicochemical properties dramatically differ from those of gold nanoparticles. This paper provides an overview of the use of atomic gold in AGSs, both in a bulky AGS and a miniaturized AGS. In the miniaturized AGS, the system must be redesigned; for example, the aqueous electrolyte commonly used in a bulky AGS cannot be used due to volatility and fluidity issues. A Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) can be used to replace the aqueous electrolyte since it has negligible vapor pressure; thus, a thin film of RTIL can be realized in a miniaturized AGS. In this paper, we also explain the possibility of using RTIL for a miniaturized AGS by incorporating a quartz crystal microbalance sensor. Several RTILs coated onto modified electrodes used for isomeric gas measurement are presented. Based on the results, the bulky and miniaturized AGS with atomic gold exhibited a higher sensor response than the AGS without atomic gold.

DOI： 10.3390/chemosensors12020027

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2023.134995

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/ISOEN61239.2024.10556112

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/ISOEN61239.2024.10556128

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electronics, Information and Communications Engineers (IEICE)  

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.2023eap1051

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Animals can easily detect hundreds of thousands of odors in the environment with high sensitivity and selectivity. With the progress of biological olfactory research, scientists have extracted multiple biomaterials and integrated them with different transducers thus generating numerous biosensors. Those biosensors inherit the sensing ability of living organisms and present excellent detection performance. In this paper, we mainly introduce odor biosensors based on substances from animal olfactory systems. Several instances of organ/tissue-based, cell-based, and protein-based biosensors are described and compared. Furthermore, we list some other biological materials such as peptide, nanovesicle, enzyme, and aptamer that are also utilized in odor biosensors. In addition, we illustrate the further developments of odor biosensors.

DOI： 10.3390/bios13121000

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.143.338

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2023.3309968

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Replicating specific scents by mixing ‘base odors’ is the main idea behind the concept of odor reproduction. Just as primary colors can be combined to generate a wide range of colors in visual perception, the hope is to find a similar principle in olfaction. However, defining such ‘primary odors’ is difficult due to the complexity of our sense of smell, which is much different from vision. In spite of these challenges, numerous scientists have endeavored to identify a combination of basic smell components that can mimic various scents. Currently, the suggested combinations of smell components are typically only successful at recreating specific, intended scents. The range of reproducible scents differs based on the selection of base odors, yet these studies have provided valuable knowledge about the nature of these primary odors. This review paper will focus on the latest studies related to odor reproduction. Understanding odor space, odor reproduction, and the challenges encountered when expanding the range of odors will be explained. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

DOI： 10.1002/tee.23915

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02675

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Miniaturized sensors possess many advantages, such as rapid response, easy chip integration, a possible lower concentration of target compound detection, etc. However, a major issue reported is a low signal response. In this study, a catalyst, the atomic gold clusters of Aun where n = 2, was decorated at a platinum/polyaniline (Pt/PANI) working electrode to enhance the sensitivity of butanol isomers gas measurement. Isomer quantification is challenging because this compound has the same chemical formula and molar mass. Furthermore, to create a tiny sensor, a microliter of room-temperature ionic liquid was used as an electrolyte. The combination of the Au2 clusters decorated Pt/PANI and room temperature ionic liquid with several fixed electrochemical potentials was explored to obtain a high solubility of each analyte. According to the results, the presence of Au2 clusters increased the current density due to electrocatalytic activity compared to the electrode without Au2 clusters. In addition, the Au2 clusters on the modified electrode had a more linear concentration dependency trend than the modified electrode without atomic gold clusters. Finally, the separation among butanol isomers was enhanced using different combination of room-temperature ionic liquids and fixed potentials.

DOI： 10.3390/s23084132

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.mne.2023.100175

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3242318

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/access.2023.3253891

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2022.3221114

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2022.3215127

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Most of the olfactory perception works focused on forward prediction of odor impression, for example, given an odorant’s molecular structure parameters or the sensing data predict its odor impression. So far, mapping of mass spectrum of odorant molecules into the odor perception space (binary or continuous sensory space) has been successfully performed. However, it is difficult to predict odorant’s sensing data associated with binary odor descriptors (e.g., minty, peach, vanilla etc.). In this study, we have proposed a method to extract the corresponding sensing data (mass spectrum as sensing data) for a desired scent impression although one-to-one relationships are not usually guaranteed. Our target is to extract the sensing data for a given odor descriptor that will help perfumers to create scent. This study is first report for predicting sensing data for a given binary odor descriptor.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-20388-0

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-20388-0

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2022.3192567

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

A sensory test experiment (triangle difference test) was conducted using the 20‐component olfactory display to confirm odor reproduction based on odor components. The essential oils used were lemon, palmarosa, carrot seed, elemi, lavender, cypress and mentha arvensis. Each one was selected from seven essential oil categories. The sensory test reveals that it was difficult to distinguish between the reproduced odor and the target one. Thus, the odor reproduction by olfactory display based on odor components was generally possible. Furthermore, we found that the participants used its features or intensities as clues to distinguish between the blended odor and the target one from a survey of the free comments on the questionnaire sheets.

DOI： 10.1002/eej.23392

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/eej.23392

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

Recently, olfactory information on odorants has been associated with their corresponding molecular features. Such information has been obtained by predicting the sensory test evaluation scores from the molecular structure parameters or the sensing data. On the other hand, we develop a method of the prediction of molecular features corresponding to the odor impression. We utilize a machine-learning-based odor predictive model introduced in our previous research, and we propose a mathematical model for exploring the sensing data space. By using mass spectrum as sensing data in the predictive model, we can represent predicted mass spectrum as those of an odor mixture, and the mixing ratio can be obtained. We show that the mass spectrum of apple flavor with enhanced ‘fruit’ and ‘sweet’ impressions can be obtained using 59 and 60 molecules respectively by using our analysis method.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0273011

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/isoen54820.2022.9789671

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MYU K.K.  

DOI： 10.18494/sam3765

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

A sensory test experiment (triangle difference test) was conducted using the 20-component olfactory display to confirm odor reproduction based on odor components. The essential oils used were lemon, palmarosa, carrot seed, elemi, lavender, cypress and mentha arvensis. Each one was selected from seven essential oil categories. The sensory test reveals that it was difficult to distinguish between the reproduced odor and the target one. Thus, the odor reproduction by olfactory display based on odor components was generally possible. Furthermore, we found that the participants used its features or intensities as clues to distinguish between the blended odor and the target one from a survey of the free comments on the questionnaire sheets.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.142.63

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100109

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Predicting odor impression is considered an important step towards measuring the quality of scent in the food, perfume, and cosmetic industries. In odor impression identification and classification, the main target is to predict scent impression while identifying non-target odor impressions are less significant. However, the effectiveness of predictive models depends on the quality of data distribution. Since it is difficult to collect large scale sensory data to create an evenly distributed positive (target odor) and negative (non-target odor) samples, a method is necessary to predict the individual characteristics of scent according to the number of positive samples. Moreover, it is required to predict large number of individual odor impressions from such kind of imbalanced dataset. In this study, we used mass spectrum of flavor molecules and their corresponding odor impressions which have a very disproportioned ratio of positive and negative samples. Thus, we used One-class Classification Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) and Cost-Sensitive MLP (CSMLP) to precisely classify target scent impression. Our experimental results show satisfactory performance in terms of AUC_ROC to detect the olfactory impressions of 89 odor descriptors from the mass spectra of flavor molecules.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-07802-3

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-07802-3

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113887

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is one of the many acoustic transducers. It is the most popular and widely used acoustic transducer for sensor applications. It has found wide applications in chemical and biosensing fields owing to its high sensitivity, robustness, small sized-design, and ease of integration with electronic measurement systems. However, it is necessary to coat QCM with a sensing film. Without coating materials, its selectivity and sensitivity are not obtained. At present, this is not an issue, mainly due to the advancement of oscillator circuits and dedicated measurement circuits. Since a new researcher may seek to understand QCM sensors, we provide an overview of QCM from its fundamental knowledge. Then, we explain some of the recent QCM applications both in gas-phase and liquid-phase. Next, the theory of QCM is introduced by using piezoelectric stress equations and the Mason equivalent circuit, which explains how the QCM behavior is obtained. Then, the conventional equations that govern QCM behaviors in terms of resonant frequency and resistance are described. We show the behavior of QCM with a viscous film based on the acoustic wave equation and Mason equivalent circuit. Then, we present various existing QCM electronic measurement methods. Furthermore, we describe the experiment on QCM with viscous loading and its interpretation based on the Mason equivalent circuit. Lastly, we review some theoretical models to describe QCM behavior with various models.

DOI： 10.3390/chemosensors9120350

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Electrochemical Society  

DOI： 10.1149/1945-7111/ac33e0

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac33e0/pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2021.3103286

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113053

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

In odor sensing based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs), the sensing film is crucial for both sensor sensitivity and selectivity. The typical response of the QCM due to sorption is a negative frequency shift. However, in some cases, the sorption causes a positive frequency shift, and then, Sauerbrey’s equation and Kanazawa’s equation cannot be applied to this situation. We model the QCM response with a Mason equivalent circuit. The model approximates a single layer of a uniform viscous coating on the QCM. The simulation of the equation circuit shows the possibility of the positive frequency change when the sorption occurs, which is the situation we find in some of the odor sensing applications. We measured the QCM frequency and resistance using the Vector Network Analyzer (VNWA). The QCMs were coated with glycerol, PEG2000, and PEG20M. To simulate odor exposure, a microdispenser was used to deposit the water. A positive frequency shift was observed in the case of PEG2000, and a negative frequency change was obtained for PEG20M. These results can be explained by the Mason equivalent circuit, with the assumption that when the film is exposed to water, its thickness increases and its viscosity decreases.

DOI： 10.3390/chemosensors9010009

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/access.2021.3115760

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/SENSORS47087.2021.9639545

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Electrochemical Society  

DOI： 10.1149/1945-7111/abd110

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/abd110/pdf

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1149/MA2020-02171504mtgabs

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Colour Material  

DOI： 10.4011/shikizai.93.353

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Atomic-level gold clusters are decorated on a polyaniline (PANI) support by a cyclic atomic electrodeposition process, and the catalytic activity in the oxidation of glucose is studied. The evaluation is conducted by cyclic voltammetry using atomic-level gold clusters-decorated PANI (PANI/AuN, where N indicates the atomic size of the Au cluster and N = 1~3 in this study) as the working electrode and a solution containing 0 to 50.0 mM of glucose in phosphate-buffered saline. The catalytic activity is determined from the oxidation current observed at around +0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The catalytic activity is found to be affected by the size of gold clusters decorated on the PANI/AuN, whereby the catalytic activity is low when N is 1 or 3. On the other hand, an obvious enhancement in the catalytic activity is observed for the PANI/Au2 electrode.

DOI： 10.3390/electrochem1040026

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2020.3002822

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Twenty-eight quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors coated with different sensing films were tested and analyzed in this work; twenty-three sensors were coated in different room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and five additional QCM sensors were coated with conventional films commonly used as stationary phases in gas chromatography. Four volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in gaseous phase—hexanol, butyl acetate, 2-hexanone, and hexanoic acid—were measured. Two transducer mechanisms were used; resonant frequency shift and resistance shift of a QCM Mason equivalent circuit. The sensors were characterized by their sensitivity to the VOCs and their discrimination power of the four VOCs. The highest separation among VOCs was obtained when frequency and resistance information of both RTIL and conventional films was used, a sensor array composed by two RTILs (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) and two conventional films (tricresyl phosphate and apiezon-L) was found to improve the Wilks lambda separation for the tested gases two orders of magnitude compared to the Wilks lambda using only a conventional films array.

DOI： 10.3390/s20144026

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

DOI： 10.3390/s20133640

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PubMed

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0234688

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Electrochemical Society  

Introduction

The odor reproduction is achieved by approximating mass spectra of various odors by blending a set of odor components. These reproduced odors should be as close to the target odor as possible. The fidelity of odor reproduction should be as in the same manner as reproducing colors. Since no primary odors have been found, thus finding an appropriate set of odor components to perform odor reproduction is essential. The odor components should be kept as small as possible whereas it should cover a wide range of odors. In the present study, we performed a sensory evaluation of odors approximated with Kullback-Leibler and Itakura-Saito divergences on mass spectrum space.

Method

In our previous study, the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method was used to extract basis vector corresponding to odor components [1], [2]. NMF was performed to analyze the mass spectrum data space of essential oils as shown in Figure 1. Non-negativity property of NMF is useful in exploring odor components. We created a mass spectrum database of 185 essential oils originating from plants. Mass spectrum data were gathered at mass to charge (m/z) region from 50 to 250. Region below 50 was discarded because we diluted the samples with ethanol (molecular weight of 46). An example of essential oils' mass spectra that we gathered is shown in Figure 2.

NMF with two different cost functions were performed in odor component exploration. Kullback-Leibler divergence (NMF-KL) and Itakura-Saito divergence (NMF-IS) were performed for the odor component exploration. IS divergence can extract small peaks in the high m/z region, with much contribution to human perception [3]. Those small peaks are ignored or degraded when using KL divergences [4]. Thus NMF-IS can enhance the approximation accuracy of the small peaks in high m/z area which might have a contribution to human olfaction.

Non-negative least squares methods were performed to approximate the recipe for odor approximation. Non-negative least squares methods were applied twice. First one was used to obtain the recipe to approximate odor components explored by NMF and the second one to obtain the recipe to approximate the target odor based on odor components. Non-negative least squares with IS divergence based on optimization algorithm was applied to the result of NMF-IS, whereas normal non-negative least squares were applied to the result of NMF-KL.

Results and Discussions

The previous study revealed that 30 odor components worked well in approximating odor. We evaluated NMF-IS and NMF-KL only using 10 odor components. Although 10 odor components were insufficient for obtaining good approximation accuracy, the difference between the two methods became large. We extracted odor components from essential oils based on the recipe approximated by first non-negative least squares method.

We approximated 6 target odors (clove bud, ylang-ylang, orange, origanum, mint) by using both NMF-IS and NMF-KL methods. Duo trio sensory test was performed to evaluate the approximated odors. A comparison of the original target odor and approximated odor mass spectrum are shown in Figure 3. The peaks locations were actually reproduced in spite of certain errors in magnitude even if we used only 10 odor components. A subject was asked to pick up either of the two approximated odor (one based on NMF-IS and another one based on NMF-KL) closer to the target one. We evaluated the Z score to the results of sensory tests (Table 1, P<0.05). The Z score of “+2” means the approximated odor by NMF-IS is significantly closer to the target odor whereas the Z score of “-2” means the approximated odor by NMF-KL is significantly closer to the target odor. The Z score of between +2 and -2 means none of approximated odor from both NMFs is closer to the target odor [5]. Three of the approximated odors (orange, mint, and ylang-ylang) by NMF-IS were closer to the target odor than that by NMF-KL. One approximated odor (cypress) by NMF-KL was closer to the target odor than that by NMF-IS. There was no significant closeness for the rest of two odors (clove bud and origanum). Overall, the sensory test reveals that approximated odors by NMF-IS were closer to the target odor than the odor approximated by NMF-KL. The Approximation quality based upon IS divergence was better than that based upon KL divergence.

References:

[1] T. Nakamoto, M. Ohno, and Y. Nihei, Odor Approximation Using Mass Spectrometry, IEEE Sens. J. 12 (2012), 3225–3231; doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2190506

[2] D. D. Lee and H. S. Seung, Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization, Nature. 401 (1999), 788–791 ; doi: 10.1038/44565

[3] D. Prasetyawan and T. Nakamoto, Comparison of NMF with Kullback-Leibler Divergence and Itakura-Saito Divergence for Odor Approximation, Proc. of the ISOEN. 18 (2019); doi: 10.1109/ISOEN.2019.8823186

[4] C. Févotte, N. Bertin, and J.-L. Durrieu, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with the Itakura-Saito Divergence: With Application to Music Analysis, Neural Comput. 21 (2009), 793–830; doi: 10.1162/neco.2008.04-08-771

[5] Gail Vance Civille, B. Thomas Carr, Sensory Evaluation Techniques, CRC Press. (2015); ISBN: 9781482216905



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DOI： 10.1149/ma2020-01261843mtgabs

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/MA2020-01261843mtgabs/pdf

Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/vr46266.2020.1581303036097

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Association on Odor Environment  

DOI： 10.2171/jao.51.19

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electronics, Information and Communications Engineers (IEICE)  

DOI： 10.1587/transfun.2020eap1028

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

This paper reports on-line mixture quantification with FAIMS. Ternary gas mixtures composed of acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether were used for quantification. We succeeded in an on-line quantification of ppm-level concentration and even sub-ppm-level gases using the gradient descent method. It took 10 minutes to quantify the ternary mixture. However, it was too long, because we aim to track the temporal change of each component concentration in the mixture. Then, an algorithm based on feedback control was introduced to reduce the quantification time. The feedback method successfully tracked concentrations in three cases. The simulation result shows that the proposed method can reduce the quantification time.

DOI： 10.3390/s19245442

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Association on Odor Environment  

DOI： 10.2171/jao.50.407

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

An artificial olfactory system coupled with an odor generation system is herein reported. The artificial olfactory system is composed of four chemical sensors consisting of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) coated with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The sensors are interrogated by four vector network analyzers, which are used to measure the series resonant frequency and motional resistance. The odor generation system can generate eight different odors and mix them in any composition. Solenoid valves are used to switch the path and control the concentration of the different odors before blending. Two algorithms to control the solenoid valves, delta-sigma modulator, and simple pulse width modulation (PWM) are studied, optimized, and compared. Finally, the uncertainty of the odor generating system is calculated.

DOI： 10.3390/s19184009

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2019.2916377

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Gas mixture quantification is essential for the recording and reproducing odors, because an odor consists of multiple chemical compounds. Gas mixture quantification using field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) was studied. Acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether were selected as components of a ternary gas mixture sample as representatives of the ketone, alcohol, and ether chemical classes, respectively. One hundred and twenty-five points with different concentrations were measured. The results were evaluated by error hypersurface, variance, and the coefficient of variation. The error hypersurface showed that it is possible to reach the target composition by following the error-hypersurface gradient. Successful convergence was achieved with the gradient descent method in a simulation based on the measurement data. This result verified the feasibility of the quantification of a gas mixture using FAIMS.

DOI： 10.3390/s19133007

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

DOI： 10.1109/ISOEN.2019.8823231

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/isoen.2019.8823186

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/isoen.2019.8823429

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/isoen.2019.8823494

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/isoen.2019.8823226

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

DOI： 10.7567/1347-4065/ab0740

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Other Link： http://stacks.iop.org/1347-4065/58/i=SB/a=SB0804?key=crossref.fc0cf0c42c78cf9806939ee2774b67a4

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/ecj.12154

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Other Link： http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ecj.12154/fullpdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：Humana Press Inc.  

DOI： 10.1007/978-1-4939-9616-2_3

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PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

DOI： 10.1109/ICSENS.2018.8589749

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Association for Computing Machinery, Inc  

DOI： 10.1145/3275476.3275493

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MyJove Corporation  

DOI： 10.3791/58409

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.138.477

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/ultsym.2018.8579940

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/icsens.2018.8589649

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MYU K.K.  

DOI： 10.18494/sam.2018.1950

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2018.2834953

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0198475

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.138.220

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2018.01.245

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Association for Computing Machinery  

DOI： 10.1145/3180308.3180331

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/vr.2018.8446484

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.138.15

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/ngcas.2017.76

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/ecj.11981

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.chemolab.2017.05.002

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/isoen.2017.7968855

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MYU K.K.  

DOI： 10.18494/sam.2017.1378

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0157030

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2016.2550486

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2015.2487820

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/tee.22214

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/tee.22214

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

Odor sensing system with high sensitivity and selectivity is expected to be realized by using biological mechanisms such as olfactory receptor. We have already developed a cell-based odor sensing system which acquires odorant concentration as a fluorescent intensity change. In the measurement, however, an artifact is likely to happen due to lack of stable and reproducible methods for delivering odorants to biological cells. Therefore, we developed and evaluated the automated flow measurement system which can simultaneously control pump, solenoid valve, and camera. Our system realized automation of solution supply and fluorescent measurement. As a result, our system could reduce artifacts and repeatedly performed measurements with the same sensor cells.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.136.289

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers  

DOI： 10.11499/sicejl.55.245

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JLC/72005082510?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

A fluorescent instrumentation system is widely used for cell-based odor sensors. However, the fluorescent instrumentation system was easily affected by ambient light. The measurement is limited if dark conditions are required for the measurement. This paper presents the design and implementation of a lock-in measurement technique in a fluorescent instrumentation system for a cell-based odor sensor. A continuous mode of laser diode excitation was changed to a pulse mode for the purpose of modulating the fluorescent light. The ambient light asynchronous with the modulated fluorescent light can be eliminated even if the ambient light level is much higher than that of the fluorescent light. Experimental results show that using the lock-in measurement technique, the weak fluorescent signal can be extracted from a modulated signal buried under noise. We conclude that the developed fluorescent measurement system can be used to observe the concentration dependency of odorant even under ambient light conditions.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.136.83

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/icsens.2015.7370351

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/mfi.2015.7295808

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/mfi.2015.7295807

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

DOI： 10.1109/TENCON.2014.7022484

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/ascc.2015.7244647

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.135.191

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.  

DOI： 10.1109/ICSENS.2014.6985297

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan  

In this review, an odor sensing system and an olfactory display are introduced into people in pharmacy. An odor sensing system consists of an array of sensors with partially overlapping specificities and pattern recognition technique. One of examples of odor sensing systems is a halitosis sensor which quantifies the mixture composition of three volatile sulfide compounds. A halitosis sensor was realized using a preconcentrator to raise sensitivity and an electrochemical sensor array to suppress the influence of humidity. Partial least squares (PLS) method was used to quantify the mixture composition. The experiment reveals that the sufficient accuracy was obtained. Moreover, the olfactory display, which present scents to human noses, is explained. A multi-component olfactory display enables the presentation of a variety of smells. The two types of multi-component olfactory display are described. The first one uses many solenoid valves with high speed switching. The valve ON frequency determines the concentration of the corresponding odor component. The latter one consists of miniaturized liquid pumps and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) atomizer. It enables the wearable olfactory display without smell persistence. Finally, the application of the olfactory display is demonstrated. Virtual ice cream shop with scents was made as a content of interactive art. People can enjoy harmony among vision, audition and olfaction. In conclusion, both odor sensing system and olfactory display can contribute to the field of human health care.<br>

DOI： 10.1248/yakushi.13-00234-5

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10029007072?from=CiNii

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2013.2271912

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2013.2267728

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

An olfactory display is a gadget for presenting various scents. The research on olfactory display is briefly reviewed. Then, the principle of multi-component olfactory display, the exploration method of odor components for covering wide range of odors, and the teleolfaction system, which enables odor generation at the remote site, are described. Finally, the perspective of the olfactory display is explained.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.133.178

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10019537572?from=CiNii

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2012.09.025

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

Recently, various types of olfactory displays have been developed based on several techniques to provide an olfactory sensation. They are useful in certain situations but still lack some important capabilities. In this study, the olfactory display, utilizing Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) streaming and electroosmosis, was developed. In this manner, odors are generated by atomizing liquid odorants transported by Electroosmotic (EO) pumps. The device size is miniaturized to be compact and thin enough to be equipped with a wearable device. It can generate smells rapidly even the scents of low-volatile substances which typically requires much time to be released. The operation is soundless, does not produce heat to the nearby environment, and is more robust against bubble than an olfactory display composed of the widely used inkjet devices. In this research, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensor was used to measure the intensities of generated odor vapor to confirm the capabilities to control odor intensity and to blend odors. Moreover, the sensory evaluation was performed to confirm that there was no odor remaining after the presentation.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.133.206

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Association for the Study of Taste and Smell  

CiNii Books

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J-GLOBAL

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Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/eej.21087

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

An odor recorder is a system to record the odors as well as reproduce them. In order to record a wide range of odors, a number of available odor components are required in the odor recorder. Moreover, the sufficient pattern separation among all odor components is also required to avoid a collinearity problem caused by the lack of the pattern separation among odor components. In this study, we proposed an odor recorder based on real-time mass spectrometry with variable ionization energy in order to improve odor recording capability. In this system, the higher-order sensing capability due to the different ionization energies can be achieved. It was found that the enriched data obtained from this system could be used to improve the pattern separation among odor components. Moreover, the recipe of the target odor was more accurately estimated based on combination of m/z's obtained from different ionization energies. Thus, this proposed system could be useful to improve the odor recording capability so that the recordable range of odor could be extended.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.131.332

CiNii Books

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00376336925?from=CiNii

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：IGI Global  

DOI： 10.4018/978-1-60960-821-7.ch007

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE VIRTUAL REALITY SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

We have developed a new odor generator by using an electro-osmotic pump and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. This equipment can generate smells by atomizing a tiny droplet of odor sample from electro-osmotic pump, using SAW device. Since the droplets are vaporized forcibly by SAW streaming effect, even the low volatile odor can be rapidly generated. In this paper, the ability to present smell and to eliminate it rapidly as well as that to control the odor concentration was confirmed by measuring the response of QCM sensor to the low-volatile sample in addition to the sample with moderate volatility.

DOI： 10.18974/tvrsj.15.4_589

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2009.10.059

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2009.06.005

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/tee.20414

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/vr.2009.4811065

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/vr.2009.4811062

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/vr.2009.4811016

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/vr.2009.4811042

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2008.2011072

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.129.273

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ACM Press  

DOI： 10.1145/1501750.1501844

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2008.04.015

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2008.04.047

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2007.10.062

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2007.09.022

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.128.472

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.128.467

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.128.487

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.128.214

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2007.07.052

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2007.01.049

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2007.01.030

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MIT Press - Journals  

In this paper, a method of concurrent recording and regeneration of visual and olfactory information is presented using electronic nose technology. To accomplish this objective, the sensor response patterns of odors in the atmosphere were measured using QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) odor sensors with partially overlapping specificities. Then the odors were identified from the response patterns using LVQ (learning vector quantization), a pattern classification algorithm of neural networks with supervised learning. Visual information, presented as a movie, was captured using a digital video camera; concurrently, odors using odor sensor responses were paired to the video. The recorded visual and olfactory information was evaluated by sensory tests to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed system. As a result, it was found that the olfactory information recorded using the proposed method was appropriate for odor regeneration associated with the movie.

DOI： 10.1162/pres.16.3.307

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2006.11.025

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/vr.2007.352479

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2006.04.089

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2006.04.105

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/icsens.2007.4388364

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.127.165

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

We have developed multi-point bad-smell sensing system for monitoring living environment. Although there are a variety of gas sensors, it is difficult to detect ppb-order gas without interference. Our previous system was able to detect methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, propion aldehyde and toluene with the concentrations down to a few tens of ppb by using a gas detector tube combined with a CCD image sensor. A gas detector tube with color change caused by the chemical reaction between the analyte and the reagent system was implemented into our low cost wireless portable measurement system. This portable system called a sensor node consists of a gas detector tube, one-dimensional CCD image sensor, LVDS interface, microcomputer, and wireless LAN module. We report experiment on gas-distribution measurement under actual environments such as paint factories. It was found that the gas distibution around paint factories could be measured using this sensor network. Moreover, the dynamical change of gas distribution was clearly observed.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.127.359

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1093/ietfec/e89-a.11.3327

Web of Science

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/vr.2006.102

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/ecjb.10062

Web of Science

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.126.292

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Scientific Publishers  

DOI： 10.1166/sl.2005.018

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2004.839597

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2004.08.022

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2004.05.063

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

DOI： 10.1109/jsen.2004.839894

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

DOI： 10.1093/chemse/bjh211

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.125.64

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/SENSOR.2005.1497463

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Web of Science

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2003.12.012

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2003.12.004

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.124.321

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(03)00202-8

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(03)00003-0

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(02)00451-3

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(02)00452-5

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：「日本味と匂学会」事務局  

CiNii Books

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Other Link： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2004268725

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(02)00300-3

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(02)00130-2

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(01)01066-8

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(01)01058-9

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

The new type of odor recorder called real-time reference system is proposed to improve robustness against environmental changes, especially humidity and temperature changes. Since an odor sensor depends on humidity and temperature, these conditions have to be precisely controlled in a general odor sensing system. However, the odor recorder we developed in this paper does not need those requirements because of the real-time relative measurement based on the active sensing method, where a target odor and the reproduced odor were alternately exposed to the sensor array to reduce the influence of the dynamic environmental changes. We describe the design of the feedback controller for the real-time reference system and the experimental results of recording odors using the system. The recipes of apple flavors made up of four components were successfully recorded under the varying environments of humidity and temperature. Once the recipe for the target odor is recorded electronically by the odor recorder, it can be reproduced anytime and anywhere using an odor blender.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.122.312

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

Frequency shift measurement circuit with high sampling rate using reciprocal method for QCM odor sensor is proposed. Although the circuit including an analog-type mixer achieved the high sampling rate, the digital mixer in place of analog one is required since all the circuits can be implemented into one chip. The proposed digital mixer helped us achieve 128ms time resolution, 8 times faster than the conventional one, without the deterioration of the frequency resolution. Then, it was found that its introduction into the gas odor visualization system enabled us to have clear image. After the successful implementation into a FPGA, its ASIC version was fabricated. The increase in the mixer performance brought us further increase in the sampling rate of the frequency shift.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.122.16

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(01)00587-1

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(99)00186-0

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(00)00510-4

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(00)00388-9

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0928-4931(00)00149-1

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(99)00415-3

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.120.204

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(99)00071-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Web of Science

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.119.430

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.119.194

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0924-4247(98)00045-4

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

DOI： 10.1109/sensor.1997.613711

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(97)80293-6

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.117.256

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Web of Science

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0924-4247(97)80096-9

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/s0925-4005(96)02009-6

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0925-4005(96)01907-7

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEE Japan)  

DOI： 10.1541/ieejeiss1987.116.8_885

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Scopus

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan  

A new method for localizing an odor source by mimicking the behavior of silkworm moths is proposed. A male silkworm moth is able to track airborne sexual pheromone to its female counterpart. During the search, a moth draws air from its front to its two antennae by wing vibrations, and turns toward the antenna more strongly stimulated by the pheromone. An artificial system with this mechanism has been realized using a small fan and plural gas sensors instead of the moth's wings and antennae, respectively. The system is called an 'odor compass' since it continuously points to an odor source by rotating the probe to the sensor with the largest response. The capability of its directional probing is successfully demonstrated by the results of estimation of the odor-source direction in a clean room. Furthermore, the improvement of the system to realize the three-dimensional localization, which is often required in a practical environment, is reported, and its feasibility is demonstrated.

DOI： 10.1541/ieejsmas.116.429

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00083658549?from=CiNii

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0924-4247(95)01220-6

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0924-4247(95)01039-4

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0924-4247(95)01017-u

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers  

In recent years, odor recognition systems have been studied very actively. However, this field is difficult to research since there are a lot of kinds of odors, and they have not been characterized well. Because of these difficulties, odor property can be revealed from inspection such as sensory test performed by human. As the odor inspection by human fundamentally has fluctuation based on physical or climatic condition, an artificial odor recognition system is required in many industries.<br>The authors proposed a neural network called "Fuzzy Learning Vector Quantization (FLVQ)", and applied it in the odor recognition system to identifying odor kinds and expressing sensory quantity obtained from the human sensory test.<br>FLVQ network receives the output pattern from the sensors, and is trained by the result of the human sensory test, such as a triangle test for whiskeys and a semantic differential (SD) method for flavors. The network can output odor quantity after learning. It has been confirmed from the outputs of the estimated sensory quantity that FLVQ has satisfactory ability to express human odor quantity.<br>Moreover, adsorption membranes for odor sensors were selected to improve the odor recognition system. The authors proposed three statistical methods for membrane selection. It was found that the combination of discrimination analysis and multiple linear regression method was suitable here. Using selected membranes, the estimation accuracy of sensory quantity was raised.

DOI： 10.9746/sicetr1965.31.357

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0924-4247(94)00829-9

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0925-4005(93)01193-8

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0924-4247(94)85023-2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/58.330261

Scopus

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0925-4005(93)85399-u

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Applied Physics  

Effects of the hydrostatic pressure difference across the oil to water interface on a self-excited potential oscillation at a micropore have been investigated by potential measurement and microscopic observation. The amplitude and frequency of the oscillation are precisely controlled by means of changing the hydrostatic pressure. This effect of hydrostatic pressure is due to the change in the diameter of a dome that is built at the micropore. These results are qualitatively consistent with our previous ones [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30 (1991) L1435]; i.e., the self-excited potential oscillation can be controlled through changes in the shape or the size of the interface.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.32.L151

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0925-4005(93)80030-f

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0925-4005(92)80178-z

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging  

DOI： 10.5104/jiep1985.8.4_14

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Applied Physics  

A rhythmic, sustained, stable potential oscillation was reproducibly observed for a lipid membrane supported by a micropore of a thin membrane tip micropipette. Amplitude and period of the oscillation voltage was controlled by changing the pore diameter. The relationship between oscillation period and pore diameter when the pore diameter was below 8 $\mu$m was different from that when the diameter was larger than 8 $\mu$m.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.30.L1435

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会エレクトロニクスソサイエティ  

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0925-4005(91)80009-9

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0925-4005(91)85001-y

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Applied Physics  

This letter reports observation with an optical microscope on dynamic behavior of a lipid across the oil/water interface, which are formed at a micropore of 2 $\mu$m in diameter during self-excited potential oscillation. Periodical movement of dome-shaped body on the interface is observed, and its expansion and shrinkage are quite synchronous with the potential oscillation.

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.30.L1774

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：電子情報通信学会情報・システムソサイエティ  

CiNii Books

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0925-4005(90)80252-u

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/0250-6874(89)87036-2

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Total pages：576p   Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Total pages：xv, 308p   Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Total pages：xii, 439p   Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Total pages：177p, 図版 [3] p   Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publisher：電気学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese  

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