Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Many countries positioned the distributed energy system as a part of principal energy strategy for residential sector. For introduction of distributed energy system, such as co-generation sysytem, to residential sector, the balance between heat and electricity has to be resolved for stable and efficient operation. In this study, a statistical analysis tool is proposed for the estimation of hot water demand using a simple statistical parametric method. The parameters of statistical model proposed in this paper is derived from the factors of time lag of behaviors that based on survey on human activity patterns. The effect of number of household on hot water demand was simulated based on the aforementioned random model. In addition to the simulation study on hot water demand, the change of electricity demand was also studied especially for the time trajectory of usage pattern. The field measurement campaigns were then performed on various common locations of apartment such as lobby and service corridor. In short, the paper discusses the impact of various characteristics of apartment house onto the performance of distributed energy system. To be more precise, several key characteristics were considered such as housing type, housing scale, and width of common space.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.72.51_4

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=18204

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Building facade plays an important role for not only creating urban landscape design, but also affecting the environmental impact through energy consumption. Also such perimeter zones are effective area for placing seismic resisting elements in structural design. For satisfying all of these demands, the authors proposed the concept of integrated facade engineering, which treats architectural design, structural and environmental design combined together. Following the previous paper, detailed examples of "Integrated Facade" are proposed in this paper, and their performances in each axis are evaluated.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.71.81_1

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=17690

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

CiNii Books

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The design of a cogeneration system must deal with relationships between power and heat demands and the many decision factors that appear during the design process. In addition, the amount of energy demand is only an estimated value, and in actual system operation, it is impossible to avoid dispersion from given conditions. It is therefore becoming increasingly important that design evaluation add robust characteristics as an evaluation index. This research uses a simulation model to examine how operation for energy demand that deviates from given conditions can effect system evaluation when system COP is used as an index of evaluation.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.59_2

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=172765

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Buildings are designed, constructed and operated to provide a safe and healty environments that are conductive to well-being of occupants. However, many buildings fail to perform adequately and cause illness. In recent years, the interests for indoor air quality in residence have been increased. There is a wide variety of sources of contaminants in indoor air, including outdoor air, combustion, smoking and building materials. The aim of this study is to investigate the indoor air quality by measuring gaseous and particle contaminants in residences. The results are as follows; 1) Concentrations of VOCs in residences were measured by GC and GC-MS. TVOC concentrations were less than 100 μg/m^3 in outdoor air and about 200 μg/m^3 and over in indoor air. 2) Elemental compositions of airborne particles were measured by particle analyzer system. Particle counts of compositions and relations of emission intensity were analyzed.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.23_5

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=172856

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The design of a cogeneration system must deal with relationships between power and heat demands and the many decision factors that appear during the design process. In addition, the amount of energy demand is only an estimated value, and in actual system operation, it is impossible to avoid dispersion from given conditions. It is therefore becoming increasingly important that design evaluation add robust characteristics as an evaluation index. This research uses a simulation model to examine how operation for energy demand that deviates from given conditions can effect system evaluation when system COP is used as an index of evaluation.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.65.59_2

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=172765

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

High-speed and accurate scanning test method is required for the leakage test of HEPA and ULPA filter used in cleanrooms. In this paper, a method to determine the parameters of scanning test is proposed considering the variance and discreteness of particle counting and the effect of the filter penetrating particle. The fundamental characteristics of evaluation of the proposed method is certified by using Monte-Carlo simulation, and the influence of the variances of parameters such as upstream concentration, measuring time, face velocity, on the result of the test is considered.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.64.53_1

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171984

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this study, organic compounds in cleanroom air and on silicon (Si) wafer surface were investigated by using gas chromatograph-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and thermal desorption-atmospheric pressure ionization MS (TD-APIMS). The adsorption mechanisms of organic compounds on Si wafer surface were considered. We prepared two different types of Si wafers; one was with hydrogen terminate and another one was with native oxygen. These wafers were exposed in the organic gases exposure system under a control of moisture, organic gases concentration and exposure time. The results of this study are as follows; (1) ethylene, the non polar substance, was detected with higher concentrations from Si wafer with hydrogen terminate than that with native oxygen, (2) dioctyl phthalate, the polar substance, was detected with higher concentrations from Si wafer with native oxygen than that with hydrogen terminate, and (3) moisture had influences on the adsorption on Si wafer.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.64.53_2

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=172035

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Air filter leakage is one of the most important control point for verification and qualification of cleanliness of cleanrooms. In this paper, a model that expresses the number of penetrated particles through high-efficiency fibrous air filter with pin hole is proposed, by using 3 dimensionless parameters for the fundamental study of establishing filter leakage testing method. Leak rate and limitation of judgment caused by the difficulty of identifying the leakage particles from all the particles are calculated. The result of the calculation is that the face velocity have a great influence on the leak rate and limitation of judgment.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.64.83_1

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171934

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This study aimes to evaluate network system of urban energy recovery and heat supply. In this paper, loop network system of heat supply using hot water as heat transfer medium was examined. As the first step of the study, energy flow in loop network system was formulated. Then the application of the system to plants of district heating and cooling was calculated and the effects of heat recovery and its utilization were evaluated.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.63.39_3

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171496

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The purpose of this paper is to survey volatile organic compounds(VOC) and their emissions from building materials in residence. As a basic survey of VOC in residences, field measurements were carried out in 11 residences that were constructed 3-35 years ago. The effect of emissions from building materials on indoor was analyzed through the measurement in newly constructed residence. The results are as follows, 1) Total volatile organic compounds(TVOC) concentration in residences was ranged 95-590μg/m^3, 1.1-3 times as large as those of outdoor. 2) Alkans, aromatics, esters, alcohols and carboxylic acids were detected in residences. Compounds that were mainly detected in indoor were heptane, dodecane, toluene, ethyltoluene, dichlorobenzene. β-pinene and nonanal. 3) Nonane, decane, undecane, toluene, xylene and dichlorobenzene were emitted from flooring, ceiling and wall materials that were installed in model room. And it is found that emissions from building materials contributes significantly to indoor VOC concentration.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.63.27_2

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171659

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This study aimes to evaluate network system of urban energy recovery and heat supply. In this paper, loop network system of heat supply using hot water as heat transfer medium was examined. As the first step of the study, energy flow in loop network system was formulated. Then the application of the system to plants of district heating and cooling was calculated and the effects of heat recovery and its utilization were evaluated.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.63.39_3

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171496

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The purpose of this study is to survey volatile organic compounds(VOC) and indoor emission source of them through field measurements. As a basic survey of VOC, hydrocarbons from C9 to C19 were measured for 3 months, and the relations of concentrations between indoor and outdoor were analyzed. Then VOC were measured in two atriums, and emission sources of them were evaluated by principal component analysis. The results are as follows; 1) The sum of each indoor hydrocarbon concentration was ranged from 30 to 180μg/m^3. Indoor hydrocarbon compounds were primarily consisted of outdoors, but some compounds were considered to be emitted from sources of indoor. 2) Ethylbenzene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, dichlorobenzene, D4 and hydrocarbon were detected at μg/m^3 order in atrium, and total VOC concentrations were ranged from 150 to 300μg/m^3. 3) Ethylbenzene, xylene and dichlorobenzene in A atrium were considered to be emitted from smoking, and ethylbenzene and xylene in B atrium were from insecticide used to plant in atrium.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.62.65_3

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171288

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The purpose of this study is to survey volatile organic compounds(VOC) and indoor emission source of them through field measurements. As a basic survey of VOC, hydrocarbons from C9 to C19 were measured for 3 months, and the relations of concentrations between indoor and outdoor were analyzed. Then VOC were measured in two atriums, and emission sources of them were evaluated by principal component analysis. The results are as follows; 1) The sum of each indoor hydrocarbon concentration was ranged from 30 to 180μg/m^3. Indoor hydrocarbon compounds were primarily consisted of outdoors, but some compounds were considered to be emitted from sources of indoor. 2) Ethylbenzene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, dichlorobenzene, D4 and hydrocarbon were detected at μg/m^3 order in atrium, and total VOC concentrations were ranged from 150 to 300μg/m^3. 3) Ethylbenzene, xylene and dichlorobenzene in A atrium were considered to be emitted from smoking, and ethylbenzene and xylene in B atrium were from insecticide used to plant in atrium.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.62.65_3

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=171288

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Characteristics of indoor thermal environment and air-conditioning load in atriums with openings were studied using a simplified prediction model. Influence of draft airflow through openings was modeled using the result of CFD analysis, and the model was improved to investigate indoor thermal environment with natural ventilation. Difference of thermal distribution and air-conditioning load were studied under several conditions, and the most effective condition for energy conservation was investigated. Finally, a periodic control method of openings was suggested. In this method, outside air will be adaptively introduced according to the outside temperature and intensity of solar irradiance. As the result of thermal load prediction through a year, it was found that this method is effective to reduce thermal load or a long priod during spring to autumn, and more than 20 % of yearly air-conditioning energy will be reduced.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.62.41

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=170891

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of indoor planting on CO_2 concentration. As a first step of the study, CO_2 mass balance was calculated by the model including photosynthesis and respiration of indoor plants. Through the analysis of variance, leaf index was found out to be the most important factor affecting on the CO_2 concentration. Then CO_2 concentrations were measured in 2 types of ariums, and the effects of indoor plantings were comfirmed.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.61.35_3

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=170674

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

A simplified prediction model was developed to predict indoor thermal environments in atriums with openings. Characteristics of cross ventilation through openings were studied using CFD technique based on the standard k-ε model. According to the simulation results under several conditions modeling strategies were obtained to predict draft airflow volume, inlet airflow angle and the airflow state in atriums. Finally, a simplified prediction model was developed as a computer softwere to calculate indoor thermal environments in atriums with openings. Predicted results on temperature distribution using this software showed a good agreement with CFD results, and it was verified that developed model provides acculate predictions on indoor thermal environments.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.61.17_5

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=170712

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The characteristics of airflow turbulence in a unidirectional cleanroom are described in this paper. Firstly, the airflow turbulence distribution is measured in a cleanbooth with a hot-wire anemometer. Through the analysis of turbulence intensity, the shape of pleated HEPA filter is found out to be an important factor of eddy generation in airflow. Secondly, turbulence distribution behind HEPA filter is measured in detail. It concludes that the shear stress, caused by the airflow difference between pleated concave and convex part of HEPA filter, makes eddy generation in airflow behind HEPA filter.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.59.49_1

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=169746

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The sequential sampling is one of the evaluation methods for high class cleanroom to reduce sampling duration. In this paper, sequential sampling is simulated by Monte Carlo method and characterized in the case of different concentration and its distribution of particles. Two types of model are considered as sequential samplings. One is the particle arrival model and the other is the constant unit sampling model. These models are applied to simulate particle concentration.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.59.17_1

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=169674

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

It becomes important to study or estimate the quality of engineering design of building systems. This paper reports the method of quality estimation and a case study of chilling system for the first step. At first, fundamental surveys are conducted about components of building energy systems, their characteristics of load ratio vs efficiencies, energy demands in building, etc. Secondly, 6 design parameters are selected for quality estimation study on chilling system. They are 2 load factors (mean and variance), 2 system factors (system type and full load characteristic), and 2 engineering factors (number of equipments, excess ratio of capacity). Finally, the relations between SCOP (system coefficient of performance) and design parameters are discussed and their contributions for SCOP are estimated by using multiple factorial analysis of quality control method.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.59.57_2

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=169747

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The characteristics of airflow turbulence in a unidirectional cleanroom are described in this paper. Firstly, the airflow turbulence distribution is measured in a cleanbooth with a hot-wire anemometer. Through the analysis of turbulence intensity, the shape of pleated HEPA filter is found out to be an important factor of eddy generation in airflow. Secondly, turbulence distribution behind HEPA filter is measured in detail. It concludes that the shear stress, caused by the airflow difference between pleated concave and convex part of HEPA filter, makes eddy generation in airflow behind HEPA filter.

DOI： 10.3130/aija.59.49_1

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=169746

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Cogeneration for commercial use began 1974 in Japan and as of Mar. 31, 1987, the sum of power generator capacity at 108 facilities reached approximately 51 000 kW. In this paper, the engine type, fuel, heat rate, system composition, interconnection with electric utilities, building use, floor area and utilization of power and heat were investigated. The contents of investigations and analyses are as follows '. 1) The output of power, fuel, operational methods and operational time zone were classified according to building use and engine type. 2) The relation between the contract electric power and generator capacity was analyzed. 3) The several types of system composition were considered in conditions of location. 4) The problems of practical use such as checking intervals and others were clarified.

CiNii Books

researchmap

Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=160853

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap

researchmap