Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112349

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DOI： 10.1093/joccuh/uiaf014

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1136/bmjph-2024-001143

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DOI： 10.3390/molecules29163819

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PubMed

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108630

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.89.135

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.reth.2024.01.001

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

COVID‐19 outbreaks occurred in several hospitals, and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, local authorities, and universities carried out investigations into ventilation in hospitals. The results indicated that ventilation performance was insufficient to prevent aerosol infection due to poor air conditioning, equipment maintenance, and existing ventilation design guidelines. The authors investigated guidelines for ventilation measures for general patient wards with the cooperation of The Society of Air‐Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan and the Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control. Based on a survey of COVID‐19 outbreaks in hospitals, ventilation countermeasure plans for 3 stages (a. normal conditions, b. increased risk of outbreaks, and c. infected patients treated) were compiled.

DOI： 10.1002/2475-8876.12463

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/13467581.2024.2325463

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.reth.2023.07.002

Web of Science

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1051/e3sconf/202339601100

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.88.547

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In this study, we investigated the deposition behavior of particles in air using a thermal manikin and a silicon wafer as a surface on which particles are deposited. As a result, it was confirmed that the particle deposition velocity on the heated manikin was reduced compared to that on the unheated manikin, due to the effect of thermophoretic forces. The deposition velocities obtained from the experiments were compared with existing models of particle deposition on the human body, and the order and trend of the experimental values were generally consistent, confirming the validity of the models.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.88.316

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.88.300

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.88.186

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

The importance of effective ventilation as one of the measures against COVID-19 is widely recognized worldwide. In Japan, at the early stage of the pandemic, in March 2020, an official announcement was made about basic ventilation measures against COVID-19. WHO also used the term “long-range aerosol or long-range airborne transmission” for the first time in December 2021. Based on the aerosol infection control measures before 2021 by the Japanese government, we conducted experiments on methods related to partition placement as an element of effective ventilation methods. In July 2022, the governmental subcommittee on Novel Coronavirus Disease Control provided an emergent proposal about effective ventilation methods to prevent two types of aerosol infection; infection by large aerosol on the air current and infection by small floating aerosol diffusion in a room. They also showed the way of setting droplet prevention partitions, which do not block off ventilation based on this investigation’s results.

DOI： 10.3390/atmos14010150

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114603

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.7879/siej.26.169

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/ina.13164

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/23744731.2022.2091859

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As COVID-19 continues to spread, infection risk on public transport is concerning. Air exchange rates (ACH) and advection-diffusion of CO2 and particles were determined in a route bus to evaluate the infection risk. ACH increased with bus speed whether windows were open or closed, and ACH were greater when more windows were open. With two open windows, ACH was greater when a front and rear window were open than when two rear windows were open. With both front and rear ventilation fans set to exhaust, ACH was more than double that when both were set to supply. With air conditioning (AC) off, CO2 and particles spread proportionally at the same rate from a source, whereas with the AC on, the spread rate of particles was about half that of CO2 , because particles might be trapped by a prefilter on the AC unit. Infection risk can be reduced by equipping AC unit with an appropriate filter. Calculations with a modified Wells-Riley equation showed that average infection risk was reduced by 92% in the moving bus with windows open comparing to with windows closed. When the bus was moving with windows closed, exhaust fan operation reduced the average risk by 35%.

DOI： 10.1111/ina.13019

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/ina.12913

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2022.7.0_141

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106774

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108229

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/2475-8876.12238

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2475-8876.12238

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan  

Public transportation is required to have effective measures against the new corona infection. In this study, we investigated the actual condition of ventilation, which is said to be the infection route of the virus, and examined the countermeasures in addition, the behavior of the particles when they were diffused into the route bus was measured. PSL and artificial saliva were used as the particles. PSL tends to be deposited easily, so the particle concentration is too low. It may lead to evaluation. Also, the particle collection ability of the aerosol filter was evaluated. From this result, it was found that it has the same effect as window opening ventilation.

DOI： 10.11351/jsaeronbun.52.1013

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

A recent meta-analysis of dampness in homes has shown that dampness and mold in indoor environments are factors in approximately 30-50% of all respiratory and asthma-related health ailments. Although the specific indoor dampness factors related to such issues have yet to be fully explored, there are clear and urgent needs for improved architectural techniques and optimized occupant behavior patterns that can prevent or eliminate excessive dampness inside buildings. Furthermore, if the underlying structures linking dampness to adverse health effects could be more closely estimated through epidemiological surveys, prevention methodologies for serious problems related to indoor dampness might be discovered. With these points in mind, we previously proposed a home dampness estimation method based on occupants’ self-reported answers to questions regarding indoor dampness during winter. This resulted in an indoor dampness index covering a range from 0 to 24 that classifies houses into four ranks, with those in Rank 4 presenting the most serious dampness-related problems.

 To clarify the relationship between home dampness levels and indoor environmental quality, another questionnaire survey was conducted and several physical environmental items such as indoor temperature, humidity, and microbial flora from floor dust were measured in 119 detached East Japan houses during the winter season. Herein, we describe the surveyed results and the distribution of the dampness index. The questionnaire also included child health-related symptoms that show onsets within 3 months, and the prevalence of each symptom is presented in relation to each dampness index rank. The characteristics of indoor temperature and humidity resulting from home dampness levels were also clarified by comparing the dampness index and measured results of these physical items.

 Analyzing the survey results, we found that the prevalence of nasal- and eye-related symptoms increased approximately in tandem with the dampness index ranking. In particular, more than 50% of the children residing in Rank 4 homes reported nasal problems, and there was a high prevalence of throat and skin symptoms in Rank 3 homes. However, despite these values, there are still no clear links between the dampness index and the reported health-related symptoms.

 Next, the statistical values of temperature, relative humidity, and the humidity ratio during evening time in living rooms and bedrooms were analyzed for each dampness index rank. To test the significance of these associations, Kruskal-Wallis testing was performed to determine whether the samples in each dampness index rank originate from the same distribution. Moreover, the significant differences among each rank’s samples were tested in multiple comparisons. As for temperature results, no significant association was found among the dampness index ranks. This presumes that living room temperatures are affected by heating behaviors at the time of occupancy.

 On the other hand, both the relative humidity level and the humidity ratio were found to be strongly associated with the dampness index rankings; with higher humidity levels in the living room and bedroom presaging higher dampness index ranks. In addition, the relative humidity and humidity ratios in Rank 2, 3, and 4 living rooms were significantly higher in comparison with Rank 1 living rooms, while the median relative humidity values in Rank 4 living rooms and bedrooms were around 50% and 70%, respectively. Significantly, the humidity ratios in Rank 4 homes were found to be the highest among the surveyed houses and it was expected that these houses had severe environmental problems related to indoor dampness.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.86.197

DOI： 10.3130/aije.88.325_references_DOI_Pi8bKx4JadP0ZZBqe6O4R7eIyFw

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Other Link： https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aije/86/780/86_197/_pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.86.167

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

<title>Abstract</title>
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new zoonotic agent that emerged in December 2019, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This infection can be spread by asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic carriers. SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily via respiratory droplets during close person-to-person contact in a closed space, especially a building. This article summarizes the environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including a strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a building environment. SARS-CoV-2 can persist on surfaces of fomites for at least 3 days depending on the conditions. If SARS-CoV-2 is aerosolized intentionally, it is stable for at least several hours. SARS-CoV-2 is inactivated rapidly on surfaces with sunlight. Close-contact aerosol transmission through smaller aerosolized particles is likely to be combined with respiratory droplets and contact transmission in a confined, crowded, and poorly ventilated indoor environment, as suggested by some cluster cases. Although evidence of the effect of aerosol transmission is limited and uncertainty remains, adequate preventive measures to control indoor environmental quality are required, based on a precautionary approach, because COVID-19 has caused serious global damages to public health, community, and the social economy. The expert panel for COVID-19 in Japan has focused on the “3 Cs,” namely, “closed spaces with poor ventilation,” “crowded spaces with many people,” and “close contact.” In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan has been recommending adequate ventilation in all closed spaces in accordance with the existing standards of the Law for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings as one of the initial political actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, specific standards for indoor environmental quality control have not been recommended and many scientific uncertainties remain regarding the infection dynamics and mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in closed indoor spaces. Further research and evaluation are required regarding the effect and role of indoor environmental quality control, especially ventilation.

DOI： 10.1186/s12199-020-00904-2

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12199-020-00904-2/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread worldwide in the first quarter of 2020 and resulted in a global crisis. Investigation of the potential association of the spread of the COVID-19 infection with climate or ambient air pollution could lead to the development of preventive strategies for disease control. To examine this association, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 28 geographical areas of Japan with documented outbreaks of COVID-19. We analyzed data obtained from March 13 to April 6, 2020, before the Japanese government declared a state of emergency. The results revealed that the epidemic growth of COVID-19 was significantly associated with increase in daily temperature or sunshine hours. This suggests that an increase in person-to-person contact due to increased outing activities on a warm and/or sunny day might promote the transmission of COVID-19. Our results also suggested that short-term exposure to suspended particles might influence respiratory infections caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Further research by well-designed or well-controlled study models is required to ascertain this effect. Our findings suggest that weather has an indirect role in the transmission of COVID-19 and that daily adequate preventive behavior decreases the transmission.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110042

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

DOI： 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102270

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DOI： 10.1002/2475-8876.12183

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106758

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

To realize a Net-Zero Energy Building, it is necessary to reduce the amount of energy used for air-conditioning. To achieve this, one important factor is to reduce the outdoor air load. Extensive studies on this topic using cooling or heating pits have been carried out. However, when compared with the surface temperature of a cooling pit, the dew point temperature of outdoor air is high in the summer, and this leads to dew condensation inside the pit. In such cases, there is a higher likelihood of microbial contamination.

 

 In this study, bacterial communities from the air and surface of a pit, and from two offices, were collected during the summer of 2018 and the winter of 2019. For each sample, variable region 4 (V4) of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer set 5’-acactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatct-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3’(515F) and 5’-gtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatct-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3’ (806R). The 16S rRNA amplification protocol version 4_13 was used as a pretreatment with the Next-Generation Sequencer (NGS, Illumina MiSeq system). DNA quality was checked using the Agilent 2200 TapeStation. All samples with the necessary quality and quantity of nucleic acid for analysis were then analyzed. The produced sequence library was mixed, and to improve its quality, a refining process using the AMPureXP PCR purification system (Beckman Coulter, Inc.) was carried out.

 

 The main results obtained by this study were as follows.

 (1) A total of 20 phyla were detected in the summer and winter. The major phyla accounting for 96.4% of those detected were phylum Proteobacteria (41.0%), Firmicutes (20.2%), Actinobacteria (11.4%), Bacteroidetes (9.1%), Cyanobacteria (7.2%), [Thermi] (3.8%), Fusobacteria (3.7%). As these phyla were detected in other buildings in a previous study, they are apparently the main bacterial phyla in the general environment.

 (2) On the surface of the pit, genus Nesterenkonia, which was detected at ≥1% only in the summer, decreased remarkably over the course of one year during the completion of the building. Moreover, a principal coordinate analysis suggested that bacteria flora change depending on human activity or the progression of time.

 (3) Although the office influenced the bacteria in the pit, the original bacterial flora formed over time and under the influence of the building occupants.

 (4) In the pit, as airborne bacteria downstream might affect the indoor bacteria, it is important to control microbial contamination.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.85.259

DOI： 10.3130/aije.87.94_references_DOI_3rYlxzdCvQyViPMnqEfiTzBaTwA

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Other Link： https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aije/85/770/85_259/_pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2020.8.0_289

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2020.7.0_109

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2020.8.0_297

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The emission mechanisms for 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H) are not only the primary emission that directly generates from materials but also the secondary emission from material that contains di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in PVC floor using with various adhesives and self-leveling sub-floor material that contains water with high pH. Many previous studies showed that the secondary emission for 2E1H is the main emission source in the indoor environments that use concreate and PVC flooring materials. However, there are some cases where the 2E1H concentration are high even in a room that is not constructed with concrete and PVC flooring materials.

 This study carried out the field measurements of airborne 2E1H and the 2E1H emission tests for PVC sheets, carpets and adhesives on various humidity conditions by using the small chamber method for focusing on the emission behavior of 2E1H due to moisture supplied to flooring materials from the air and base material. The airborne 2E1H with humidifiers in the room and wiping of the materials were also measured to investigate the characteristics of indoor concentration.

 From the results of the field measurements, 2E1H was detected in all office rooms in this study, and the 2E1H concentrations of the room B and H were higher than 130 µg/m3. Since the high concentration of 2E1H was detected even in the room where no PVC flooring material was directly applied to the concrete, the primary emission also contributed to the increase of the indoor 2E1H concentration.

 From the emission test from the PVC sheet, tile carpet, adhesives and composite material on the various water conditions, it was confirmed that the 2E1H emission rates for PVC sheet and adhesive were increased due to the moisture from the base material and the water vapor in the air. It was found that moisture of the materials and humidification in the air increased the primary emission of 2E1H from building materials.

 From real-scale experiments, it was shown that 2E1H emissions from PVC building materials increased due to humidification and increased water content of building materials. The water content of the building material and 2E1H emission did not change even if the materials were wiping for adding water.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.85.811

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=637438

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2020.8.0_285

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2020.8.0_293

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)室内環境学会  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106388

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

<p> The state of the increase in the nonconformity rates of air environment in specific buildings was investigated using local government survey reports. The factors in the increase of carbon dioxide concentration were analyzed in consideration of the increase of ambient concentration, the characteristics of indoor concentrations and the characteristics of the government reports. The results were as follows.</p><p> 1 The nonconformity rates of humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration have increased with the number of specific buildings since 1999. And reports made by the owners of specific buildings are substituted for inspections by government officials in most prefectures.</p><p> 2 One of the factors in the increase of nonconformity rates of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration is the increase of reports using measurement data by building maintenance suppliers. The nonconformity rates of humidity and carbon dioxide concentration were higher in northern prefectures.</p><p> 3 The frequency of indoor carbon dioxide concentration in specific buildings in Tokyo was similar to that in Osaka. The frequency distribution of the differences between indoor concentration and outdoor concentration in Tokyo follows Weibull frequency distribution.</p><p> 4 The ambient concentration of carbon dioxide has increased especially in urban areas. The increase of ambient concentration is thought to increase the indoor concentrations in specific buildings.</p><p> 5 The nonconformity rates of carbon dioxide concentration depend on not only ambient concentration but also the rates of ventilation reduction and survey methods by governments. The nonconformity rates were calculated using an equation composed on the basis of Weibull frequency. The coefficients of these factors were calculated using the equation and the survey data on all Japan.</p><p> 6 The increase of ambient concentration made the nonconformity rate of indoor concentration 3.1% higher and ventilation reduction made it 7.2% higher and the change of survey method made it 11.6% higher in these nineteen years.</p><p> These results showed that the increase of nonconformity rates depends on several factors. Therefore it is necessary to design integrated countermeasures in order to decrease these nonconformity rates.</p>

DOI： 10.3130/aije.84.1011

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：EDP Sciences  

DOI： 10.1051/e3sconf/201911106064

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本臨床環境医学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本臨床環境医学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taylor and Francis Inc.  

DOI： 10.1080/23744731.2018.1533337

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DOI： 10.3130/aije.84.65

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Human-Environment System  

As for the evaluation method of dampness, a method to evaluate the degree of dampness as a score in 24 stages
has been proposed from the calculation of the score using questionnaire survey. The relationship between dampening and
health damage in Japan has been clarified from the results of the national survey. On the other hand, in order to examine the
measures of dampness, it is necessary to quantitatively analyze the effects of concrete values such as adiabatic airtightness
and life styles such as ventilation, heating and cooling, humidity generation, etc. on the rating of dampness and essential to
examine by numerical simulation. In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the degree of dampness from the results of
numerical simulation of the indoor environment which has been calculated based on questionnaire surveys and report the
results of a quantitative analysis of the effects of adiabatic airtightness and life styles on rating of dampness.

DOI： 10.24538/jhesp.43.0_67

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030163692

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.84.1003

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2019.7.0_73

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DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2019.7.0_49

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DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2019.7.0_61

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DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2019.7.0_65

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DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2019.7.0_57

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DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2019.7.0_53

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DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2019.7.0_45

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.059

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This paper presents concentrations of common SVOCs in house dusts from urban dwellings with schoolchildren in six typical Chinese cities in winter and summer. Among the detected SVOCs, DBP and DEHP have a higher detection rate. The levels of these two substances contribute an average proportion of over 90% of the total SVOCs' levels, and show a significant correlation in most cities. Based on measured concentrations, schoolchildren's non-dietary exposures to DBP and DEHP at homes are estimated. Due to a longer time spent in child's bedrooms, children's non-dietary exposures to phthalates in child's bedrooms are greatly higher than that in living rooms. As for DBP non-dietary exposure, the most significant pathway is dermal absorption from air, accounting for >70%, whereas, the most predominant pathway for DEHP non-dietary exposure is dust ingestion, contributing from 61.5% to 91.9%. Based on estimated exposure doses, child-specific reproductive and cancer risk are assessed by comparing the exposure doses with DBP and DEHP benchmarks specified in California's Proposition 65. Owing to the high DBP exposure, nearly all of target schoolchildren appear to have a severe reproductive risk, although only non-dietary exposures at home are considered in this study. The average risk quotient of DBP exposure for child-specific MADL in all cities is 31.27 in winter and 10.35 in summer. Also, some schoolchildren are confronted with potential carcinogenic risk, because DEHP exposure exceeds child-specific NSRLs. The maximum DEHP exposure exceeds the cancer benchmark by over 6 times. These results also indicate that controlling indoor phthalates pollution at home is urgent to ensure the healthy development of children in China.

DOI： 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.031

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.83.761

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Endotoxin (ET) is the outer membrane component of gram-negative bacteria and secreted by destruction of bacterial cell. It is ubiquitous in living environment and elicits strong immune responses such as inflammation, fever, septic shock etc. when get into the blood. It also known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoglycans, has been ascribed as allergen on the hygiene hypothesis.<br> Since most of the eubacteria are gram-negative and ET is also the specific substance produced from gram-negative bacteria, it is reasonable premise that ET concentration can serve as a representative index to bacterial pollution.<br><br> The aim of this study is to prove the benefit of measuring ET as a substitute for the traditional cultural method to investigate the bacterial pollution in indoor air.<br><br> The followings were reported in this article.<br> 1) Interference tests to gelatinization of lysate reagent in order to select the air sampling filter and preservation method<br> 2) Field survey results on airborne ET and bacteria concentrations in indoor air at office buildings and elderly facilities<br> 3) Correlation analysis between ET and bacteria concentration<br><br> As a result, it was obvious that ET concentration tended to be high in elderly facilities than in offices, and the same tendency was not observed from airborne bacterial concentrations measured with the cultural method. In elderly facilities, there were several rooms that indicated evidently higher ET concentrations and a few of them observed repeatedly in the winter seemed to be associated with domestic humidifiers and/or a drop in ventilation amount.<br> I/O ratios of bacterial concentrations in offices differed significantly with those of ET as “I/O ratio≧1” was observed more frequently, while were not marked by a difference in elderly facilities. Numerical values of I/O ratios of ET concentrations had a tendency to fall behind those of bacterial concentrations.<br> “Outdoor air” of elderly facilities and “indoor air” of offices revealed the moderate correlation between ET and bacterial concentrations. Meanwhile, the correlation between the two methods was derived from all data of elderly facilities. For whole values measured, however, the moderate correlation was found only in outdoor air. Though the moderate correlations could be obtained partially between ET and bacterial concentrations, the definite correlation could not be obtained as a whole in all the measurement results.<br> Determination method of ET has a high performance and reliability in terms of quantitative accuracy and reproducibility. Even if there are several limitations to be resolved, determining ET might be useful to investigate the bacterial contamination from the viewpoint of practical use in field survey and analysis convenience.<br><br> Further studies should be also performed to comprehensively understand the correlation between airborne ET and bacterial concentrations, and one example for possible consideration might be a genetic sequencing method.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.83.581

DOI： 10.1002/2475-8876.12052

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Other Link： https://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=615048

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/2475-8876.12052

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/2475-8876.12052

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

DOI： 10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.01.064

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.147

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PubMed

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.02.002

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.24.285

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In the last decades, prevalence of children's allergic diseases has been increasing worldwide. Indoor environment is considered to be a possible cause for the children's allergic diseases. In our previous study, questionnaire surveys and field measurements were carried out in Japan to clarify the association between children's allergic diseases and indoor environmental factors. In the present study, almost the same surveys and measurements were carried out in urban areas of China, and the differences between Japan and China were discussed.<br> The target cities were Harbin, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai, Wuhan and Changsha. The target subjects were 4th or 5th grade pupils of primary schools, which were the same as the previous study in Japan. The questionnaire surveys were done with cooperation of one or two schools in each city, and the questionnaires were distributed from teachers to pupils. The questionnaire items were about personal attribute, health condition, surrounding environment, dwelling performance, dwelling equipment, indoor environment and occupant behavior. Those were answered by the pupils' parents. The numbers of distributions and respondents were 929 and 916 respectively. From this questionnaire surveys, it was found that the rate of children having “one or more allergic symptoms at present” was 39.4% in all 6 cities total. The rate of southern 3 cities total was approx. 15% higher than that of northern 3 cities total (southern cities: 46.0%, northern cities: 30.9%). In detail, the prevalence rates of continuous sputum, bronchial hypersensitivity, hay fever (incl. similar symptoms) and asthma of the southern cities were twice as much as those of the northern cities. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, it was revealed that several questionnaire items relating to indoor air quality, e.g. “odor of new building materials” and “visible mold”, were associated with some children's allergic diseases.<br> The field measurements were done in both winter and summer. Approx. 10 dwellings, which were selected from the dwellings of the questionnaire survey respondents, were measured in each city. The half of the dwellings was the case group in which a child with allergic diseases lived, and the other half was the control group in which no child with allergic diseases lived. The measured items were indoor temperature, humidity, CO₂, fungi, VOCs and PM_2.5. From the field measurements, it was found that there were no differences in concentrations of airborne fungi, TVOCs and PM_2.5 between the case group and the control group. The reason was because indoor concentrations much depended on outdoor concentrations due to big air change rates by air leakage or natural ventilation. On the other hand, there were the differences in indoor concentrations of TVOC and PM_2.5 between the southern cities and the northern cities. The concentrations in the southern cities were significantly higher than those in the northern cities, and this fact corresponded to that the prevalence rates in the southern cities were higher than the northern cities. Thus, it was suggested that VOCs and PM_2.5 are major factors of children's allergic diseases in China.<br> The results were compared with the previous study in Japan. It was found that the prevalence rates of children's allergic diseases in Japan were higher than those in China, although selection bias might have some influence. Furthermore, it was found that the indoor concentrations of airborne fungi and TVOC in Japan were higher than those in China. These facts seemed to be consistent with each other.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.83.293

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/028896046

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2018.7.0_1

CiNii Research

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.83.1025

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2018.7.0_49

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2018.7.0_109

CiNii Research

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate  

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)室内環境学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, causing severe damage to cities in the Tohoku district along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Many people in the Tohoku area lost their homes, and as a result, more than 50,000 temporary housing units were built in three affected prefectures. Most temporary housing units were terrace houses built closely together with subpar thermal insulation and energy conservation, so potential problems concerning indoor thermal and acoustic environments, as well as the air quality, are a serious concern. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the indoor and outdoor environment of temporary housing and the overall living situation of temporary housing residents. We also sought to propose an optimal method for the environmental design of temporary housing and to suggest ways to improve environmental policies.<br>&nbsp;We conducted a questionnaire survey regarding the environmental factors and self-reported health conditions of residents living in temporary housing in and around Sendai city in the summer of 2011 and the winter of 2012. Questionnaires were distributed by mail to 99 temporary housing units in the summer and 152 in the winter, with response rates of 77.8% and 57.9%, respectively. In addition, we performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between adverse health effects and influencing factors related to living in temporary housing.<br>&nbsp;Based on the results, 78.7% of the respondents answered that there was visible condensation on the surfaces of doors and windows, and 46.6% answered that they had observed mold growth in the winter. About 40% of the respondents reported that they used exhaust fans in the lavatory or bathroom continuously for ventilation. On the other hand, about half of the respondents only used exhaust fans when using the toilet or taking a bath. These results suggest that air circulation and ventilation are inadequate in temporary housing.<br>&nbsp;The questionnaires also included items regarding the following health-related symptoms: ocular symptoms, nasal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, dermal symptoms and mental symptoms. The results showed that the prevalence of each symptom was about 40%, and that symptom onset was within 3 months after moving into the temporary housing. Adjusted odds ratios for each health symptom in the summer and winter were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, and smoking status. In the summer, the risk of ocular, nasal, respiratory and dermal symptoms increased significantly with closer proximity to industrial plants (p<0.05). In the winter, the risk of nasal, respiratory, and dermal symptoms increased significantly with increased frequency of hanging the laundry indoors (p<0.05). These results suggest that among residents of temporary housing, the outdoor air environment is associated with health symptoms during the summer and the indoor air environment is associated with adverse health effects during the winter.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.82.967

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.82.663

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CiNii Books

CiNii Research

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.03.014

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1186/s12199-017-0645-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.11.045

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.82.19

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.906

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2017.7.0_69

CiNii Research

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate  

Scopus

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2017.7.0_77

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2017.7.0_85

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2017.7.0_81

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2017.7.0_61

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)室内環境学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;The Great East Japan Earthquake had occurred on March 11th in 2011. There were serious damages in Tohoku and Kanto district, especially seaside cities of the Pacific Ocean in Tohoku district by tsunami. Many people in these areas had lost their houses and more than fifty thousand temporary houses were built in three prefectures of the Tohoku district. Several problems, such as indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality as well as sound environment problems might be occurred in temporary houses.<br>&nbsp;This study aimed to investigate the indoor air quality, especially indoor VOC (volatile organic compound) concentrations in the temporary residential houses. In summer in 2011 and winter in 2012, measurements have been conducted in the temporary houses in Sendai and measuring results were compared with guideline value in Japan.<br>&nbsp;As a result, the mean concentrations were much less than the guideline values, however acetaldehyde, p-dichloro benzene and tetra-decane concentrations in some rooms exceeded the guideline values. Since p-dichloro benzene was emitted from moth-repellent that the residents used, the concentrations in the houses using moth-repellent might become at high level. The &alpha;-pinene and d-limonene are emitted from wood materials along with acetaldehyde. Therefore, the reason why the acetaldehyde concentrations were high in indoor air was the emission from woods used as construction and interior materials in the temporary houses. One of the sources of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in indoor environments is the chemical reaction of the plasticizer contained in vinyl chloride materials. Since the vinyl chloride sheets were used at kitchen floorings in some temporary houses, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was detected in the specific houses.<br>&nbsp;TVOC concentrations in every temporary houses exceeded the tentative guideline, 400 &mu;g/m³. Since only about 65% residents of the temporary houses did not generally use the ventilation fans of the toilet or bathroom from the other previous survey, the necessary ventilation air volumes in houses were usually not enough. The acetaldehyde exceeded ratio for the temporary houses was higher than one of the previous survey of newly built houses. The mean TVOC concentration of about 2000 &mu;g/m³ showed higher compared with the tentative guideline value. The shortage of ventilation air volume could be also one of the reasons that the TVOC concentrations were high in the temporary houses. The TVOC in the temporary houses contained not only terpens, such as &alpha;-pinene and d-limonene, but also the aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons and other many kinds of compounds.<br>&nbsp;The mean DEHP concentration in house-hold dust was about 2000 &mu;g/g. In the previous survey of the 30 apartments and kindergartens, an average DBP was 55.6 &mu;g/g, and DEHP was 775.5 &mu;g/g. While DBP concentration was at same level, DEHP was much higher than the previous study. Various materials, such as wooden flooring, tatami, and PVC sheet, are used in the temporary houses, and there were various sources of SVOC. The SVOC concentration in settled dust in the temporary houses could be affected by not only the emission source of interior materials but also the duration of exposure and frequency of cleaning on floorings.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.81.979

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.04.020

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.22.615

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本建築学会  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.81.319

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2014.7.0_77

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 空気調和・衛生工学会  

<p>準揮発性有機化合物(SVOC)は沸点が高いため，室内空気中では"ガス態"と浮遊粒子に吸着した"粒子態"とで混在するが，換気行動や浮遊粒子表面特性の違いがその分配挙動に及ぼす影響については未だ十分な検討がなされていないのが現状である。 そこで本研究では，実際に発生させた種々の模擬浮遊粒子を異なる滞留時間でSVOCに曝露させる実験を通し，これらの要因がSVOC吸着挙動へ及ぼす影響の定量的検討を試みた。また，その結果を踏まえたより実現象に則したSVOC室空間中挙動モデルを構築した。</p>

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2015.7.0_5

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2015.7.0_101

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2015.7.0_109

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2014.7.0_125

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2014.7.0_113

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2015.7.0_93

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2014.7.0_105

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

&nbsp;In recent years, the population of Japan has experienced an increase in allergy-type ailments such as asthma and other forms of respiratory distress, particularly among members of the younger generation. There are several reasons behind this upsurge in allergy-type diseases, and it is deemed likely that indoor dampness provides some of the strongest contributory factors. In order to clarify the association between child allergic diseases and indoor dampness, a cross-sectional survey has been conducted to 4 - 12 years old children through the internet survey. Questionnaires were distributed on the web to the 6, 618 houses in all prefectures of Japan on February of 2013, and the 5,071 completed questionnaires were sent in five days. The response rate was 76.6%.<br>&nbsp;This paper firstly described the estimation method of indoor dampness using the results of occupants' self-reported answer to questions about visible vapor condensation, visible mould growth, perception of mouldy odor and so on during winter season. This dampness index proposed in this paper was calculated as the value from 0 to 24 points and its values classified into four kind of rank on the basis of the quartile. Rank 4 presented the house which had the most serious problems related to indoor dampness. The dampness index revealed the association between indoor dampness and allergic disease such as asthma and rhinitis.<br>&nbsp;Secondly, from the questionnaire the prevalence of current asthma on the basis of diagnosis of a doctor was around 8.0% among children. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was increasing as they grew up and it was 20.5% among 10 - 12 years old boys. This tendency was seen in the prevalence of hay fever and allergic conjunctivitis. In general, boys had higher prevalence of allergic disease than girls. On the other hand, the prevalence of chemical sensitivity and SHS(Sich House Syndrome) are much less than that of allergic disease, and these symptoms were less than 1%.<br>&nbsp;Finally, the association between adverse health effect and influencing factors related to indoor dampness was discussed. Adjusted Odds Ratios(hereinafter referred to as ORs) was calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for gender, age, location of house, a yearly income and so on. Adjusted ORs of current asthma (OR = 1.46 and 1.81, p < 0.001) was statistically significant in both rank 3 and rank 4 of the dampness index. In this analyzed results, the increased risk of asthma due to indoor dampness was estimated (p for trend <0.01). In addition, adjusted ORs allergic rhinitis in from rank 2 to 4 was statistically significant in higher rank of the dampness index. The dose-response relationships between indoor dampness and both current asthma and allergic rhinitis were presented using the dampness index proposed in this paper. Analyzed results revealed that the operation of a mechanical ventilation (p for trend < 0.05) and living near arterial roads (p < 0.05) were associated with current asthma. The living near industrial factory (p < 0.01) and river (p < 0.01) were associated with allergic rhinitis, as well. We could conclude that children who were living in dampness are at significant risk for allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.81.477

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2014.7.0_17

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2016.7.0_17

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 空気調和・衛生工学会  

<p>本研究では、結露とカビ発生に関する各指標がアレルギー性疾患に及ぼす影響を明らかにすること及び、自宅の周辺環境による影響を考慮するために、マルチレベル分析等の多変量解析を実施した。結果として、カビが複数箇所で発生している住居に住む児童ほどアレルギー性疾患を有する可能性が高く、また、地域性を考慮しても個人レベルでは「カビの発生」が、都道府県レベルでは「交通量」や「工場」等の周辺環境がアレルギー疾患に影響を与えていることが示された。</p>

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2016.6.0_213

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2016.7.0_77

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2014.7.0_129

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2016.7.0_69

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2014.8.0_169

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)室内環境学会  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.040

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.028

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/ina.12158

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PubMed

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

In order to clarify indoor climate in a crawl space after flooding, long-term experiment using a test house was performed. A second-story test house was constructed in a campus of Akita Prefectural University in 2003. In this experiment two rooms on the first floor of the test house and crawl spaces were used. Tap-water was supplied to 100mm depth on a crawl space in each room, and after 72 hours it drained. In this paper, indoor humidity and water contents of wood and concrete in a crawl space were analyzed from the view point of moisture balance in a crawl space after flooding.

DOI： 10.3130/aijt.21.1117

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JLC/20016268348?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1087

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

The number of cases of individual system air-conditioning being adopted has increased increasing remarkably in recent years. Various reasons for this have been, such as the ease of design, individually measurable fuel and light prices, the simplicity of a fee collection charge, the facilitation of overtime work in a tenant building, and initial cost. However, because the indoor air-conditioning machines distributed and installed in the ceiling with the individual system, the indoor environment may be affected by microbial contamination because of the difficulty in maintaining sanitary conditions. In order to clarify the influence of the temperature and relative humidity (RH) on the mold multiplication characteristics inside an individual air-conditioner, a laboratory experiment was performed, and seven buildings were examined in situ. The results clearly showed that the growth speed of mold in an individual air-conditioning system quickly increased when a RH of 70% or more occurred more than 30% of the time. On the other hand, when the coefficient of variation for the RH exceeded 10%, the mold index of an individual air-conditioner became small, and mold growth was controlled.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.40.218_31

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Conference on Industrial Ventilation  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

In Japan, the rate of the 65 and over years-old (rate of aging) population occupied to the present overall population has reached to 25.1% in 2013, and this is expected to progress to becoming an aged society hereafter. In general, as the immunity of aged people is quite low, they tend to suffer from so-called opportunistic infections. Therefore, it is important to examine indoor air environments of welfare facilities for the aged. If there are problems in particular on the actual status of microbial contamination, it is necessary to examine the countermeasures. In this study, the environments of eight rooms of 5 facilities were examined. The sites of investigation include the day room where inhabitants gather, the room where the facility residents stayed for a long time, and the outdoor. Measurements were carried out twice at each site from August to October 2011 (summer), and January to February 2012 (winter). Furthermore, to clarify the time-dependent-change-changes in the characteristics with regard to both the indoor airborne microbial concentration and the type of species, the environments of the day rooms were continually evaluated during summer, in terms of airborne bacteria and airborne fungi. The detailed analysis of microbial contamination using the DNA analysis technique revealed, the following findings: (1) The range of fluctuation of concentration the airborne bacteria and fungi in the day room has increased 100 to 1000 fold, and it is difficult to grasp the actual condition of contamination of indoor bacteria and fungi by a momentary measurement. (2) Except at one facility, 75 percentile of the airborne microbial concentration (including bacteria and fungus) in 4 facilities of the Architectural Institute of Japan satisfied the standard value of 500 cfu/m^3, but various bacilli causing opportunistic infections, such as Staphylococcus hominis, S. epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, Corynebacterium xerosis, C. freneyi, Acinetobacter baumannii, A. calcoaceticus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, are detected. (3) Since many opportunistic infection-causing bacteria exist in these welfare facilities, preventive measures are required to ensure safety of the aged people who have special care requirements.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.40.215_19

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

When an air cleaner is applied to a room with ventilated facilities to improve its indoor air quality, predicting the effect of selected air cleaner prior to installation is desired. In the present paper, we present a diagram that roughly predicts the effect of installing an air cleaner at different ventilation rates based on the relationship between its single-pass efficiency and the rate of indoor air passage through it using a simple model that assumes instantaneous uniform diffusion of the contaminants of interest. In the results, the diagram was found to readily provide information about the required performance of air cleaners such as the clean air delivery rate (CADR) and equivalent air change rate at the planning stage.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.40.216_37

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/ina.12082

Web of Science

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.40.306

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11203/jar.29.112

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.13.507

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We evaluated the health status of residents and the environmental risk factors of housing after flooding. Questionnaires were distributed to 595 selected households (one adult resident per household) in six areas in Japan which were severely flooded between 2004 and 2010. A total of 379 responses were obtained. Indoor dampness and visible mold growth significantly increased in homes with greater flood damage. The incidence of respiratory, dermal, ocular, and nasal symptoms one week after flooding was significantly higher in flooded homes compared with non-flooded homes, the incidence of psychological disorders was significantly high for six months after flooding, and the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder was significantly high six months after flooding. Significant risk factors for respiratory and nasal symptoms included proximity to industrial and waste incineration plants. Our results suggest that rapid action should be taken after flooding to ensure adequate public health and environmental hygiene in the water-damaged homes.

DOI： 10.1080/09603123.2013.800964

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2064381

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

In the guidelines for smoking in workplaces, the interfacial air velocity between smoking and non-smoking zones should be over 0.2 m/s. In this series of studies, we studied the influence of the interfacial air velocity on isolating environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by using a test room composed of smoking and non-smoking zones with a controllable ventilation system and a thermal mannequin passing through the interface, where a sliding door with louvers at a lower pressure drop than those applied in the previous study or a swinging door with an undercut was installed between both zones during the cooling and warning periods. We found that the application of a pull-open mode to the swinging door enjoyed similar smoke isolation effectiveness to the sliding door with louvers opening in the upward direction at an interfacial velocity of less than 0.2 m/s during the warming periods. Meanwhile, countermeasures against smoke isolation are required when the swinging door is in push-open mode since the particle concentration was significantly increased over a wider area in the non-smoking area compared to the pull-open mode.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.39.204_93

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.78.917

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society of Indoor Environment, Japan  

Since Phthalic Acid Ester (PAE), which are representative substances of semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), have low vapour pressures, the possibility of being present in both the gaseous and particulate phases has been identified. In order to partition the gaseous and particulate phases of PAE in an indoor air, this study examined the applicability of the Denuder-Filter (D-F) sampling method which used VOC denuder for upstream and a quartz glass fiber filter for downstream. First, the theoretical values were determined for the penetration of the gaseous and particulate phases for a VOC denuder based on the Gormley-Kennedy Equation. Then, for verification, a method of generating exposure gas that was able to be in a stable concentration was studied. Next, experimental values were determined for the penetration of the gaseous and particulate phases to the denuder using the exposure gas and indoor suspended dust. With a flow rate of 5 L/min, most PAEs were adsorbed by the denuder, while particulate penetration ratio of particulate matter larger than 10 nm was about 88% or more. The results show that the gaseous and particulate phases could be partitioned. In addition, it was performed parallel measurement with both the Tenax sampling and the D-F sampling method for examination on gas-particulate phase partitioning fraction in indoor. The concentration became in order of DBP, DEHP, and DEP and without re-volatilization of PAE adsorbed on the denuder. PAE may have in large part of gaseous phase on more than 28°C of room temperature.

DOI： 10.7879/siej.16.3

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10019539323?from=CiNii

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.78.589

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

In recent years, passive smoking by non-smokers in workplaces has been a critical issue. In our country, over 0.2 m/s of air velocity space between smoking and non-smoking zones has been regulated by guidelines for smoke isolation in workplaces. This study was aimed at investigating the influence of opening and closing a sliding door with louvers installed at the interface on the isolation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at an interfacial velocity of less than 0.2 m/s. It was found that a temporary ETS entry into the non-smoking zone due to the passage of a mannequin through the interface can be decreased by adopting a sliding door having a wide area coverage for upward louvers, although this countermeasure was less effective during the warming period than during the cooling period.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.38.191_21

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

Indoor environments in large-scale commercial buildings are managed under the "Law for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings" (enacted in 1970) in Japan. The law applies to specific buildings such as offices, stores, entertainment facilities, assembly halls, libraries, museums, and schools, and it establishes environmental standards for carbon dioxide concentration, airborne particulates, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, room temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity for controlling indoor climate. This study was aimed at examining the actual status of environmental sanitation and building maintenance by referring to the nationwide on-site building inspection database developed by the Japanese Government. We analyzed data from 1996 through 2008. The carbon dioxide concentration, room temperature, and relative humidity were found to increase by a small amount every year, especially in office and school buildings. The reasons for the tendencies could be the revision of the Law in 2002, which excessively encouraged energy saving measures in buildings.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.37.179_19

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

Recently, passive smoking by non-smokers has become an issue of concern in indoor environments. Various measures for the isolation of smoking areas have been taken. In particular, the regulation that the interfacial air velocity between smoking and non-smoking zones should be over 0.2 m/s is imposed in the guideline relevant to smoking in workplaces. This study was aimed at investigating the influence of the interfacial air velocity on dynamic behaviors of environmental tobacco smoke in a test room consisting of smoking and non-smoking zones with a controllable ventilation system and a thermal manikin crossing over between these zones. As a result, it was found that appropriate measures for air flow control, such as the closure of the air-conditioner louver on the side of the non-smoking zone, optimization of the exhaust position in the smoking zone, and installation of an electronic air curtain at the interface between the zones can isolate environmental tobacco smoke in the smoking zone from people in the non-smoking zone, despite the interfacial velocity being lowered to less than 0.2 m/s. Furthermore, the dynamic behaviors of smoke were investigated by a CFD simulation. The data obtained by the numerical analysis help provide an explanation of the results obtained by the experiments.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.37.183_59

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association on Odor Environment  

This report presented the outline and the previous researches for microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC) emitted from fungi in indoor environments. The research introduced about the emission patterns of MVOCs as fungal growth processes. The relationships between the growth of the fungal thread and sporule, and MVOC emitting rates were investigated. Fungi could not be visible, however invisible fungi emit MVOCs such as acetaldehyde, acetone, 2-Methyl-1-propanol and etc. When the fungi grew with their sporule and changed their color, other MVOCs such as 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 1-Octen-3-ol were emitted until about 2 weeks. Then as stopping growing, MVOC emissions decreased.

DOI： 10.2171/jao.43.184

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/10005665586?from=CiNii

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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DOI： 10.3130/aijt.18.613

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本建築学会  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.76.43

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

We aimed to examine the method to for maintain a sanitary air environment in medical facilities. Nine medical facilities were induced in this study. The six factors influencing indoor air quality, namely, air temperature, relative humidity, air flow rate (velocity), CO, CO_2, and particle matter, were measured every minute for 6 h at 3 areas inside and outside the medical facilities. The concentrations of volatile organic compounds were also measured. The results were as follows: (1) The concentrations of CO_2 often exceeded 1,000 ppm because of insufficient ventilation and its inappropriate operation. (2) The concentration of particle matter outside the facility was clearly influenced by that inside the facility. (3) The concentration of p-dichlorobenzene, which is a component of insecticide applied to clothes, was related to the number of the people in the room. 4) Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE) and camphor were observed in these medical facilities.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.36.175_1

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.76.673

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.10.249

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

The indoor environments in large-scale commercial buildings are managed under the "Low for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings (established in 1970)" in Japan. This study aimed at examining the actual status of environmental sanitation and building maintenance of, referring to the nationwide on-site building inspection data base developed by the Japanese Government. The exceeding ratios of environmental standards of CO_2 concentration, temperature and relative humidity were slightly increasing year by year, especially in office and school buildings. The reasons for the tendencies could be caused by the revision of the Low in 2002, which lead to the excessive encouragement of energy saving measures in buildings.

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2010.2.0_1215

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.75.721

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DOI： 10.3130/aije.75.197

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This study investigated the actual conditions for pest in some underground shopping centers in Tokyo, Osaka, Aichi, Kanagawa, Hokkaido, and Fukuoka. The questionnaire and hearing were conducted to the facility manager in the underground shopping center. As a result, the contents of IPM and necessity of the maintenance records were acknowledged. However, it became clear that the setting to the target of the pest control was difficult for them. Moreover, it was difficult to operate and maintain the environment to the pest control target level. In addition, the manager notified not gests but the tenants the pesticide use. The judgment of the effect of pest could not be shown clearly by this investigation. The number of facilities living rats, cockroaches, mosquitoes and moth flies were 3, 5, 3, 6 places, respectively.

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Other Link： http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/10508082

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology  

The purpose of this study is to investigate the sampling characteristics of molecular contaminants in indoor air undergoing corona discharge by measuring the adsorption under electric field. As electric discharge equipment for ionization, a corona-discharge-type ionizer (pulsed-DC type) was used. Chamber experiments were conducted at a voltage with different polarities applied to the collecting plate. Limonene was selected as a test VOC. Preliminary exposure experiments were carried out to determinate the appropriate exposure time and then the characteristics of surface adsorption was investigated. Furthermore, the concentration distribution of limonene in the chamber was measured to find the optimal condition for the subsequent experiments. The results showed that there exist significant differences in the adsorbed amount of test VOC depending on the polarity of collecting plate, suggesting that even nonpolar organic compounds behave like ions under the influence of corona discharge.<br>

DOI： 10.11203/jar.25.262

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.09.004

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DOI： 10.3130/aije.74.501

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DOI： 10.3130/aije.74.347

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DOI： 10.3130/aijt.15.163

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology  

Temperature and airflow distributions around heated pans by a gas-oven and an IH-heater were compared, and the difference in steam generation was studied. As a result, we found that the existence of flame around a pan affected the airflow and the temperature distribution, etc. We also found that water evaporated by IH-heaters was more easily changed into mist.<BR> The number concentration and the size distribution of water mist were measured using a PDPA system. The number of water mist generated with the IH-heater was 10 to 100 times larger than the number of mist generated with the gas-oven. The mode diameter of mist generated with the IH-heater was 8 to 10 &mu;m, and that with gas-oven was 4 to 5 &mu;m. We concluded that the mist size difference resulted from the difference in temperature distribution and the existence of hot flame around the pan in the case of gas-oven.

DOI： 10.11203/jar.24.262

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology  

Increase in nanoparticle due to the diesel engine exhaust and the secondary formation from atmospheric gaseous contaminants has been observed in the atmospheric environment. In indoor air, exposure to airborne particulate matters including ultrafine particles has an adverse health effects especially to respiratory tracts. There are previous works on the sources of indoor ultrafine particles, such as cooking, smoking, spraying, a scent candle burning, and laser printers. The measurement methods of particle emission rates from a copier or printer are specified in ISO standards, however it is difficult to evaluate the ultrafine particle emission rates by using this method. Since the discussion of ultrafine particle emission mechanisms is now going on, it is important to develop the emission chamber for printers, and analyze the chemical composition of emitted particles so as to clarify the particle formation mechanisms in the office equipments.

DOI： 10.11203/jar.23.252

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3130/aije.73.1197

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology  

Direct injection- thermal desorption- gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (DTD/GC/MS) is applied to fine particulate matter (PM) in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) . In this method, PM collected on quartz fiber filter is directly put into an injector of GC, and desorbed organic gas is analyzed by GC/MS. Nicotine and 12 kinds of PAHs in PM of &mu;g-level are determined within 30 minutes without any pretreatment. The determination limits for nicotine and BaP were 25 pg and 150 pg, respectively. Ultrafine particles in ETS of smoking and non-smoking area were analyzed. Nicotine and PAHs of low vapor pressure should be a marker of tobacco smoke. Carcinogenic Dibenzo (a, h) anthracene was detected only in the smoking area. Ultrafine particles in simulated ETS were also analyzed. Time course of each chemical in different size PM was obtained.

DOI： 10.11203/jar.23.200

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

This paper reports the measurement results of indoor airborne microbial contamination in 9 hospital waiting rooms. Based on the measurement results, the design method on an air conditioning system to carry out improvement in the indoor air quality, especially in airborne microbes, was discussed from the view point of reducing the risk of mutual infection in hospitals. The main findings obtained from this study are as follows. Since the major sources of airborne fungi in waiting rooms are from the outdoor, it is important to appropriately maintain hospital environment in order to prevent the multiplication of fungi. On the other hand, as the major sources of the airborne bacteria in waiting rooms are patients themselves, it is necessary to reduce the mutual infection risk in hospitals by controlling indoor airborne bacteria contamination. Since the present performance of the air conditioning system is inadequate for filtrating and diluting indoor airborne microbes during reception period of a waiting room, indoor airborne bacteria concentration may become remarkably high. From the standpoint of reduction of mutual infections, it is important to install high performance equipment.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.33.141_9

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning & Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

It is important to maintain indoor air and sanitary environments in waiting lounges, office rooms and medical wards of medical facilities. However, Japan has neither environmental nor hygiene law for medical facilities. In this study, the way of the maintenance of sanitary environments in medical facilities was examined. This part reported the measurement results of air temperature, relative humidity, airflow rate velocity, CO, CO_2, PM and formaldehyde concentrations in waiting lounges, office rooms and medical wards of 16 medical facilities in winter and summer. As a result, relative humidity values in most part of the rooms in winter were lower than 40%Rh. The CO_2 concentrations in the waiting lounges that had a lot of people were remarkably high. It can be presumed that the capacities of the ventilating rate were insufficient.

DOI： 10.18948/shase.33.137_39

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.008

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Society of Heating,Air-Conditioning&Sanitary Engineers of Japan  

It is important to maintain indoor air and sanitary environments in waiting lounges, office rooms and medical wards in medical facilities. But Japan has no environmental and hygiene law for medical facilities. In this study, the way of the maintenance of sanitary environments in medical facilities was examined. This study reports the measurements of temperature, humidity, airflow rate, CO, CO_2, PM and formaldehyde concentrations in waiting lounges, office rooms and medical wards of 9 medical facilities in summer. As a result, the CO_2 concentration in the waiting lounge that had a lot of out patients in that area was pretty high, therefore the capacity of the ventilating facilities might be shortage.

DOI： 10.18948/shasetaikai.2007.2.0_1323

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology  

Air contaminants emitted from printers in an office, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) , particles, and ozone, have become a serious issue in relation to the health effects. In the present work, the particles emitted from various printers (an ink-jet printer, three monochrome laser printers and a color laser printer) in the size range of submicrometer or smaller were characterized by measuring the emission rate, the size distribution and the charge distribution. The stability of emitted particles in dry air was also studied by introducing them into a diffusion dryer. As a result, it was found that the total particle emission rate from the ink-jet printer was in the order of 10⁶ particles per sheet during printing, while that from monochrome laser printers was in the order of 10⁷ during printing and the same concentration of particles were measured when a sheet of paper was passed through the printer without printing. Most of the particles were smaller than 0.1&mu;m, indicating that they are not directly derived from the toner or main ink droplets. The stability test showed that the particles emitted during printing are composed of nonvolatile species and water.

DOI： 10.11203/jar.21.59

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

This paper reports the in situ experimental results about the influence on concentration of airborne microorganisms, volatile organic compounds and aldehyde by air ions generated from an ion generator installed in an air conditioning system equipped in a super-high-rise commercial building located in Shanghai, China. Although the concentration of positive air ion and negative air ion raised up to 2.3 times and 1.9 times, respectively, by the operation of the ion generator, there was no reduction of the concentration in any of airborne microorganisms, volatile organic compounds and aldehyde.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.71.45_2

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Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=17758

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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DOI： 10.3130/jaabe.5.355

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DOI： 10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.04.015

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology  

An increase in storage capacity of hard disk drives (HDDs) resulted in a reduction in flying height (clearance between hard disk (HD) and magnetic head) to be in the order of nanometer. The small flying height made the HDs more sensitive to the surface contamination, which very often led to fatal failures. The present work studied the HD surface contamination with SO₂ by exposing lubricant-coated HDs to cleanroom (CR) air as well as to SO₂-containing test air. As a result, the adsorption of SO₂ in CR air was expressed by an adsorption kinetic equation based on Langmuir isotherm, while the equation was not applicable to the adsorption of SO₂ in test air. The sticking probability of SO₂ in test air onto the lubricated HD was found to be about one tenth of that for SO₂ in CR. The difference may be attributed to the enhanced adsorption of SO₂ by basic gases present in CR. This result suggests that SO₂ adsorption onto HD surface should be evaluated by the exposure to CR air and that the data obtained by the exposure to model gas might be misleading. For the suppression of HD surface contamination by SO₂, it is necessary to equip CR with an integrated air purification system for basic gases and SO₂.

DOI： 10.11203/jar.20.153

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The aim of this research is the removal effect of nitrogen-oxide by plant adsorption and the influence of rainfall. In this study, to measure the plant sorption amount of the nitrogen oxides, plants were exposed to the environmental concentration level of NOx in the chamber, and the removal effects of plant was evaluated as a NOx absorption amount calculated by measurement data of mass balance in the chamber system. As a result, over 50% of NOx was adsorbed to the plant surface. As the 2^<nd> experiment, the amount of NOx adsorption was measured and examined by the field experiment. To estimate the removal effect of NOx adsorption by rain, simulation of rainfall onto plants was undertaken and the NOx quantity of the flushed rainwater was measured.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.70.31_1

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Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=17368

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

DOI： 10.11491/scej.2005.0.93.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by building materials have been recognized as a major problem and can affect human health and semiconductor processes. lt is widely known that the emission characteristics are affected by temperature, air flow etc., however the research about humidity is not conclusive. Therefore this study conducted that under different humidity conditions, measurements of 7 VOC's diffusion coefficients were investigated. The measured diffusion coefficients were substituted for physical models, and used for predicting the emission flux of VOC's from the PVC flooring sheet. The physical models were well in good agreement with the experiment data, indicating that the effect of humidity on the emission flux was estimated through internal diffusion.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.69.25_1

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Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=17081

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

The removal effect of NO_X (nitrogen-oxides) is an important factor for finding the material cycle in urban environment. But there are few investigations carried out to characterize the removal efficiency of air pollutants by plants. In this paper, the removal effect of NO_X by adsorbing and absorbing on plants was studied experimentally. The chamber having NO_X concentration such as atmosphere environment was designed for the experiment. Plants were exposed to the environmental concentration level of NO_X in the chamber designed for the experiment, and the removal effects of partitioned parts of plants were evaluated as a NO_X sorption flux calculated by measurement data of decreasing trend for NO_X concentration in the chamber. The correlation of NO_X sorption velocity and C0_2 absorption velocity was evaluated.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.69.61_4

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Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=17191

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

It becomes a problem that reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxidants (e.g., ozone) in indoor air form reactive products such as aldehydes, acids, nano meter size particles and etc. This paper reports on the effects of secondary pollution by the reactions between ozone and selected VOC such as limonene and toluene in indoor air. At first, ozone was generated in the room that had a commercial air freshener, then particle concentrations were monitored. The limonene concentration decreased, while particle concentrations increased. The reactive VOC and ozone reaction may cause the source of indoor air pollutants, such as nano size particles. Secondary, the ozone and VOC mixture experiment was undertaken in order to evaluate the secondary air pollution. The result showed a decrease of reactants together with a reduction in the products of the generated reactants.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.69.35

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Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=17266

Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology  

DOI： 10.11203/jar.19.174

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

It is known that the environment condition (e.g. temperature, air velocity, etc.) give influence to outgassing characteristic of the gaseous organic compound emitted from building material. However, there is not little of report that humidity gives influence to outgassing characteristic. We show that the gaseous organic compound emitted from building material receives influence of moisture contained into building material. At first, we conducted the experiment about adsorption behaviour of moisture. Next, we grasned the change of gas emission flux when humidity was changed. Results are as follows ; 1) When humidity became high, a quantity of moisture contained into building material increased. In particular the surface adsorption moisture increased in exponential. 2) When it was high humidity condition, a quantity of emission of gaseous organic compound increased. 3) It is considered that the surface adsorption moisture influenced outgassing behaviour after humidity had changed.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.68.41_3

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Other Link： http://www.aij.or.jp/paper/detail.html?productId=16911

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology  

DOI： 10.11203/jar.17.179

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