Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105243

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<jats:p>A simple process to synthesize metal nitride particles was proposed using submerged arc discharge plasma in liquid nitrogen. Gibbs standard free energy was considered for the selection of the nitride-forming materials. In this study, titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al) electrodes were used as raw materials for nitride particle preparation. Liquid nitrogen acted as a dielectric medium as well as a nitridation source in this process. A copper electrode was also used as a non-reactive material for comparison with the reactive Ti and Al electrodes. As the operating conditions of the experiments, the arc discharge current was varied from 5 A (low-power mode) to 30 A (high-power mode). The formation of titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) was confirmed in the particles prepared in all experimental conditions by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The observation using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and a field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM) indicated that the synthesized TiN particles showed a cubic morphology, whereas AlN particles containing unreacted Al showed a spherical morphology. The experiments using different metal electrode configurations showed that the anode generated most of the particles in this process. Based on the obtained results, a particle formation mechanism was proposed.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.3390/nano11092214

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<jats:p>Ultrasonic spraying was used in a three-phase reactor to produce small droplets of triolein mixed with CaO as a solid catalyst at temperatures above the boiling point of methanol for enhancement of the transesterification of triolein. Droplets fell in the methanol countercurrent flow and were collected at the bottom of the reactor, followed by circulation to the ultrasonic spray system. The experimental parameters included triolein flow rates of 2.5–9.0 mL/min, reaction temperatures of 70–100 °C, and catalyst contents of 1.0–7.0 wt%. The methanol feed rate was set to be constant. The results suggested that the enhancement was successful after using the three-phase reactor by generating a high contact surface area for the droplets, which was a key factor for determining the performance. Comparing the results with conventional transesterification in the liquid phase using the same CaO at 60 °C, the three-phase reactor produced a methyl ester yield 2–5% higher during the 60 min trial period. However, the yield became lower after 60 min because the mass transfer of methanol to the droplets was limited. The transesterification kinetics were estimated based on the experimental data—assuming a first-order reaction—and the results indicated a range of the rate constant, an apparent activation energy, and a pre-exponential factor of 1.21–3.70 × 10−2 min−1, 36.1 kJ mol−1, and 64.9 min−1, respectively, suggesting that the three-phase reactor was effective for fast transesterification at the initial stage.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.3390/pr9010181

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1109/tps.2020.3024013

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.19we231

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<jats:p>Microwave-induced plasma under atmospheric pressure is an effective technique for catalyst preparation. A Pd/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared using a fixed bed with microwave plasma irradiation. The activity of the catalyst was compared with that of catalysts made using the plasma spouted bed and the conventional furnace. From the results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, plasma treatment induced a rapid reduction process (PdO→Pd). Moreover, the plasma treatment derived the growth of a different facet from Pd (111) to Pd (100). A different kind of phase transition behavior was observed with plasma-treated alumina. H2 chemisorption analysis confirmed that the plasma treatment had a positive effect on the dispersion of Pd metal on the support. These improvements to the properties of the catalyst resulted in excellent performance in hydrogenation of acetylene.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.3390/nano9121734

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1166/jnn.2019.17122

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.010

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

<jats:p>In this paper, the interaction between particles and gliding arcs in a spouted bed reactor combined with gliding arc discharge was investigated using a high-speed camera. Based on the images captured by the camera, we evaluated the retention time for gliding arcs, the contact frequency of particles with the gliding arc, and the passage area of the gliding arc until its disappearance. The effects of the gas flow rate; electrode angle, which is same as the cone angle of the spouted bed; and applied voltage of gliding arcs were investigated. The retention time for gliding arcs was extended by a high applied voltage, the passage area was increased at a high gas flow rate, and the contact frequency was increased by decreasing the electrode angle. The results obtained here can support the optimization of particle treatment processes in a spouted bed with gliding arc discharge.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1051/matecconf/201926804008

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.apt.2017.10.024

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Key Engineering Materials  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.757.156

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.01.005

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cej.2014.12.027

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.elstat.2015.03.001

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.06.059

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.4186/ej.2015.19.3.95

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cej.2014.09.109

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5539/eer.v4n2p105

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.apt.2013.04.012

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cep.2014.07.005

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11090-013-9492-2

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.13we320

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.solener.2014.01.010

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/ppap.201300047

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.14pr4704

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACS Symposium Series  

DOI： 10.1021/bk-2012-1097.ch017

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ACS Symposium Series  

DOI： 10.1021/bk-2012-1097.ch004

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1002/apj.388

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1246/cl.2009.50

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1246/cl.2009.168

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1246/cl.2009.598

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.5796/electrochemistry.77.1013

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2174/1876214X00902010079

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2174/1876214x00801010011

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.energy.2008.01.005

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1246/cl.2008.998

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.137

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00030-5

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