Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE  

Projection mapping (PM), a spatial augmented reality technique, allows multiple users to experience augmentation without wearing devices. However, when the users’ bodies occlude projection lights, the projected imagery becomes completely invisible due to cast shadows. One approach to shadowless PM is to use a large-aperture (LA) projector that focuses projection light across a wide viewing angle with a large-format Fresnel lens. However, LA projectors often suffer from significant blur in projected images due to lens aberrations, stray light, and veiling glare. In this study, we address the projection blur by sequentially optimizing the coded aperture and the pre-sharpening process of the projection images. We designate a method for simulating the point spread function of the LA projector using differentiable ray tracing, optimizing both the coded mask pattern and the projection image. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of these techniques through simulation experiments.

DOI： 10.1117/12.3077974

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

This paper proposes a delay-free shadowless projection mapping (PM) system using a coded large-aperture (LA) Fresnel lens. The LA projection is an effective approach for realizing shadow suppression without delay, but it often suffers from significant blur. We introduce the coded LA projector, where an aperture mask attached to the lens adjusts the deblurring and shadow suppression performance. We have two technical contributions to specify an optimal hardware and software configuration for the coded LA projector. Firstly, we formulate the Fresnel lens surface profile and introduce a differentiable ray tracing simulator for the coded LA projector. This simulator enables efficient calculation of the optimal aperture pattern without the need for physical projection. Secondly, we propose an optimization framework for the aperture pattern based on the specific norms characteristic of shadowless projectors. Specifically, the aperture pattern is optimized under a linear combination of three loss functions: the broadband modulation transfer function (MTF), light transmission efficiency, and shadow suppression performance. We implemented a proof-of-concept prototype and validated these techniques through simulation and projection experiments.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.587813

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

We propose a lensless imaging system based on a full-aperture radial coded mask that produces a nearly depth-invariant point spread function (PSF), paving the way towards all-in-focus image reconstruction from a single PSF calibration. In contrast to conventional lens-based systems—where defocus blur is directly observed—lensless cameras rely on computational reconstruction using a calibrated PSF, making image quality highly sensitive to PSF mismatch. Our radial mask design ensures more consistent PSF structure across a wide depth range, mitigating this sensitivity and enabling captures that are less sensitive to depth variation. We validate the depth invariance of the proposed mask through experimental PSF analysis, demonstrating high correlation between PSFs captured at depths from 1 cm to 10 cm. We further evaluate the system through simulations and prototype experiments, showing improved robustness to depth mismatch when compared to conventional restricted-aperture masks. Finally, we introduce a novel shift-invariant reconstruction approach using an artificially extended PSF, enabled by the scale-invariant geometry of the radial pattern. This approximation allows for efficient and high-quality deconvolution across continuous depth ranges, demonstrating the practical feasibility of full-aperture lensless imaging.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.576474

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

We propose a novel LiDAR-based active sensing framework for high-accuracy human gait measurement from extremely sparse depth samples. Unlike conventional methods that rely on fixed scanning or auxiliary sensors, our approach dynamically optimizes the LiDAR sampling pattern by leveraging the temporal consistency of gait motion. A sampling pattern generator (SPGNet) predicts the optimal configuration for each frame based solely on the previously estimated depth map, while a depth completion network (DCNet) reconstructs dense depth maps from only 16 LiDAR measurements per frame. Jointly optimizing SPGNet and DCNet enables adaptive focus on critical regions—such as limbs and contours—thereby improving reconstruction accuracy. Extensive simulation experiments on a large-scale gait dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms non-optimized sampling in both quantitative metrics and visual quality, paving the way for efficient, sensor-minimal gait analysis.

DOI： 10.1109/icipw68931.2025.11385925

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

We present digital motion-picture holography for incoherent holographic imaging of motions of objects. Multidimensional digital holographic motion-picture recording is achieved with spatially and temporally incoherent daily-use light such as natural light, fluorescence, and luminescence.

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer  

Recent advances in lensless imaging reconstruction have primarily relied on supervised neural models trained using target images captured by lensed cameras via a beam splitter. However, we argue that using reference images from a different optical system introduces bias into the reconstruction process. To mitigate this issue, we propose a self-supervised approach that leverages data-fidelity guidance, similar to deep image prior, to train neural models for single-iteration lensless reconstruction. Through simulations and prototype camera experiments, we demonstrate that combining simple convex optimization methods with a denoising UNet improves perceptual quality (LPIPS), accelerates inference compared to traditional optimization techniques, and reduces potential unwanted biases in the reconstruction network.

DOI： 10.1007/s10043-025-00992-x

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Image Sensor Society  

This paper presents a self-coding omnidirectional lensless camera system using a dedicated CMOS image sensor with through-holes that act as a coding mask. Unlike conventional lensless cameras, the proposed system integrates the coding mask into the sensor itself, realizing a compact omnidirectional camera. We present the design and post-processing of the CMOS image sensor, including the formation of through-holes by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The measured full field of view (FoV) was about 20 degrees for the chip thickness of 50𝜇𝑚. Experimental results demonstrated successful image reconstruction using a Wiener filter.

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPIE  

We propose a method of full-color, scan-free, and natural-light motion-picture holography for full-color 4D (3D + time) imaging and develop a portable natural-light motion-picture holographic camera that can be set on a movable table without any antivibration structure. Full-color motion-picture holograms of objects illuminated by natural light are obtained at the frame rate of an image sensor. We perform the single-shot natural-light full-color 3D imaging of objects illuminated by sunlight and the full-color 4D imaging of a moving object. This holographic camera is capable of full-color 4D imaging of objects ranging in size from the centimeter order to the 10-m order. This opens up a new stage in holographic imaging, overcoming the limitations of conventional holographic imaging despite the portability of this camera.

DOI： 10.1117/1.apn.4.3.036006

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE  

This study explored the optimization of multi-layered diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for compressive sensing in imaging systems. We investigated how increasing the number of DOE layers with optimization affected the coherence value of the system’s transmission matrix, a key performance indicator for image reconstruction in compressive sensing. Through wave-optics simulations, we demonstrated that coherence decreased monotonically up to 8 layers before increasing, suggesting an optimal layer count exists. Our findings indicated that optimized multi-layer DOEs can significantly enhance the performance of compressive sensing applications, potentially improving accuracy in snapshot super-resolution and multi-dimensional imaging.

DOI： 10.1117/12.3040582

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Augmented Reality (AR) glasses must be slim, lightweight, and energy-efficient to achieve widespread adoption. Beaming Displays present a promising solution by offloading active components, such as the power-supplied light engine, into the surrounding environment while leaving only passive elements, like the eyepiece, in the wearable device. However, existing approaches still struggle to achieve both a slim design and a wide tolerance for projection angles relative to the user’s head orientation. In this work, we introduce a design for light-receiving glasses using a diffractive waveguide with in-coupling and out-coupling gratings. Our approach expands the allowable range of incident angles while maintaining a compact, lightweight form factor. We developed a proof-of-concept prototype and demonstrated an incident angle tolerance of approximately 20-30 degrees range, overcoming the previous design of 5 degrees.

DOI： 10.1109/vr59515.2025.00059

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer  

In surveillance camera systems and other human-image analysis systems, it is important to measure human shapes with high resolution. However, the spatial resolution and image quality achievable through approaches based solely on optical design and image processing are fundamentally limited by hardware constraints and the inherent difficulty of the inverse problems involved. To overcome these limitations, we propose a super resolution imaging system for human silhouettes based on a jointly-optimized design involving coded illumination patterns and reconstruction networks. Our proposed method allows for the acquisition of human silhouette data with improved sampling resolution without modifying the camera hardware. We quantitatively demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method through simulations and also through optical experiments using a projector and a camera.

DOI： 10.1007/s10043-025-00946-3

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Augmented Reality (AR) glasses face fundamental challenges related to technical trade-offs. Emerging Beaming Displays (BDs) offer a compelling solution by separating the active and passive components. However, existing BD-based AR glasses have yet to achieve a thin and lightweight design with wide incident projection angles. This work proposes an eyepiece for BDs, including a holographic waveguide with tailored in- and out-coupling gratings. The proposed design aims to achieve a millimeter-thin form factor with a wide tolerance for incident angles, thus overcoming the limitations of existing designs. We have constructed proof-of-concept passive AR glasses prototypes, all approximately 2mm thick, including one in the form of conventional eyeglasses, and demonstrated an acceptable lateral angle of incidence of up to 90 degrees.

DOI： 10.1109/ismar-adjunct64951.2024.00138

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

We proposed a super-resolution human-silhouette imaging system using end-to-end optimization of coded illumination and a reconstruction network, increasing resolution without altering camera hardware. We experimentally verified the performance and analyzed it using pseudo-color-based visualization.

DOI： 10.1364/FIO.2024.JW5A.68

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

We designed and fabricated a CMOS image sensor that works as a coding mask. Pinholes were formed in the image sensor by deep reactive ion etching. Image reproduction was performed by a Wiener filter.

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

We introduce digital holographic cameras that can capture an incoherent hologram with natural light. Our cameras are portable, able to be set on a tripod stand, and suitable for motion-picture recording of incoherent holograms.

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

Computational lensless imaging technology implements the thinning of the optical system by replacing optical imaging with image reconstruction processing. The conventional optical design uses a single coded mask and an image sensor; however, researchers have recently proposed optical designs incorporating multiple stacked coded apertures for multidimensional and wide-field imaging. Here, we investigate the effects of multilayering the coded aperture on the performance of two-dimensional spatial imaging. Through simulations and optical experiments, we demonstrate that multilayering the coded aperture enhances the condition number of the optical system’s transmission matrix and consequently improves the accuracy of image reconstruction in lensless imaging.

DOI： 10.1364/ao.521126

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE  

New resist materials are necessary to achieve higher resolution for the high NA EUV tools. The feature size shrinkage also increases the possibility of defect generation. Therefore, controlling defects remains essential. There are many factors in the lithography process that can contribute to the formation of defects in resist patterns. As a result, when testing the new resist material for patterning, there are more instances of pattern failures than successful ones. However, understanding pattern flaws can gain knowledge about the mechanism of defect generation. Based on the idea that exploiting the information in pattern failures can guide the resist resolution improvement, this study presents a novel method of interpreting patterns with defects based on an image recognition technology named Hough transformation. Approximate 2500 SEM images and part of corresponding simulation results were automatically analyzed. These results were then utilized to extract chemical information.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2685766

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  

The freedom of design of coded masks used by mask-based lensless cameras is an advantage these systems have when compared to lens-based ones. We leverage this freedom of design to propose a shape-preserving optimization scheme for a radial-type amplitude coded mask. Due to the depth-independency of the radial mask's point spread function, they can be used for extending the effective depth of field (DOF) of a lensless imaging system. In this paper we optimized a coded mask for improved frequency response, while retaining its radial characteristics and therefore extended-DOF capabilities. We show that our optimized radial mask achieved better overall frequency response when compared to naive implementations of a radial mask. We also quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrated the extended DOF imaging achieved by our optimized radial mask in simulations by comparing it to different non-radial coded masks. Finally, we built a prototype camera to validate the extended DOF capabilities of our coded mask in real scenarios.

DOI： 10.1109/tci.2023.3318992

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP Publishing  

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) technology has led to smaller device features, emphasizing the importance of minimizing defects in production. Research has focused on improving resist material uniformity to address variability in resulting patterns caused by stochastic factors, with attention paid to the underlying chemistry. In this study, we developed an automated method for analyzing resist patterns with defects using image recognition techniques. This method involves the analysis of line-and-space resist patterns using image processing technologies, comparison using established standards, and the identification of patterns with defects. A modified version of Hough transform technique was employed to automatically analyze approximately 2500 scanning electron microscopy images. Using our method, we can identify defective and deformed patterns by comparing the detected line-and-space resist patterns with the established standard. The indices that characterize the resist patterns with defects are proposed. Finally, simulated images were also used to uncover the chemical information underlying defective resist patterns.

DOI： 10.35848/1347-4065/acea0c

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Other Link： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.35848/1347-4065/acea0c/pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

A McKibben pneumatic actuator (MPA) is an artificial muscle. Many studies have attempted to investigate the tension exerted by the MPA. However, the MPA also exerts a pushing force when it is compressed. The MPA pushing force affects the motion of robots driven by the MPAs. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the characteristics of the MPA for a compressive load. Knowledge of the compression characteristics can be applied to the motion analysis and modeling of the MPA, and the utilization of the MPA as a structural material. First, a compression test was developed. A compression test of the MPA was conducted to verify the relationship among the input pressure, MPA length, and pushing force. In addition, the deformation mode was measured using the captured images. The pushing force does not monotonically increase with the strain because it deforms in the bending direction. The deformation mode and pushing force differ depending on the end condition. Furthermore, the hysteresis of the MPA and the effects of variations in its characteristics were discussed.

DOI： 10.1080/01691864.2023.2226200

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

An indirect time-of-flight (iToF) camera is an inexpensive depth-map measurement device with a large pixel count; however, spatial resolution is generally lower than that of ordinary image sensors due to the more complicated sensor design for time-resolved measurement. To solve this problem, we apply the snapshot digital super-resolution method to an iToF camera employing compressive sensing and point-spread-function (PSF) engineering. For PSF engineering, we also propose the attachment of a diffraction grating onto a lens as an optical subpixel encoder. Furthermore, exploiting this iToF camera scheme, we also propose compressive reconstruction processing that regularizes a depth map directly. We quantitatively investigated the effectiveness of our method through simulations and verified it by optical experiments with a prototype.

DOI： 10.1364/optcon.487545

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE  

Traditional resist materials have faced challenges as the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source with a wavelength of 13.5 nm brought the evolution of lithography to the semiconductor industry. A significant issue in the development of resist materials or the discovery of new type resists is that numerous parameters involved in the resist pattern printing process cause the generation of defects. Meanwhile, the inherent chemical variation in resist materials and processes causes the stochastic defects. In addition, the stochastic defects caused by the inherent chemical variation in resist materials and processes become increasingly significant as feature scales continue to shrink. Consequently, the number of pattern data with failures is much greater than those without defects. However, by utilizing the information contained in pattern failures, chemical parameters can be adjusted to improve resist resolution. In this study, a new method is proposed for evaluating resist patterns with defects by fitting the experimental scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images of line-and-space patterns with defects to simulated images.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2666992

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

A Fresnel Zone Aperture (FZA) mask for a lensless camera, an ultra-thin and functional computational imaging system, is beneficial because the FZA pattern makes it easy to model the imaging process and reconstruct captured images through a simple and fast deconvolution. However, diffraction causes a mismatch between the forward model used in the reconstruction and the actual imaging process, which affects the recovered image’s resolution. This work theoretically analyzes the wave-optics imaging model of an FZA lensless camera and focuses on the zero points caused by diffraction in the frequency response. We propose a novel idea of image synthesis to compensate for the zero points through two different realizations based on the linear least-mean-square-error (LMSE) estimation. Results from computer simulation and optical experiments verify a nearly two-fold improvement in spatial resolution from the proposed methods compared with the conventional geometrical-optics-based method.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.480552

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

This study proposes a novel computational imaging system that integrates a see-through screen (STS) with volume holographic optical elements (vHOEs) and a digital camera unit. Because of the unique features of the vHOE, the STS can function as a holographic waveguide device (HWD) and enable the camera to capture the frontal image when the user gazes at the screen. This system not only provides an innovative solution to a high-quality video communication system by realizing eye-contact but also contributes to other visual applications due to its refined structure. However, there is a dilemma in the proposed imaging system: for a wider field of view, a larger vHOE is necessary. If the size of the vHOE is larger, the light rays from the same object point are diffracted at different Bragg conditions and reflect a different number of times, which causes blurring of the captured image. The system imaging process is analyzed by ray tracing, and a digital image reconstruction method was employed to obtain a clear picture in this study. Optical experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed HWD-STS camera.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.462111

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Other Link： https://opg.optica.org/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-30-14-25006&seq=0

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Optica Publishing Group  

Increasing the acquisition speed of three-dimensional volumetric images is important—particularly in biological imaging—to unveil the structural dynamics and functionalities of specimens in detail. In conventional laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, volumetric images are constructed from optical sectioning images sequentially acquired by changing the observation plane, limiting the acquisition speed. Here, we present a novel method to realize volumetric imaging from two-dimensional raster scanning of a light needle spot without sectioning, even in the traditional framework of laser scanning microscopy. Information from multiple axial planes is simultaneously captured using wavefront engineering for fluorescence signals, allowing us to readily survey the entire depth range while maintaining spatial resolution. This technique is applied to real-time and video-rate three-dimensional tracking of micrometer-sized particles, as well as the prompt visualization of thick fixed biological specimens, offering substantially faster volumetric imaging.

DOI： 10.1364/boe.449329

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Optical Society  

A mask-based lensless camera adopts a thin mask to optically encode the scene and records the encoded pattern on an image sensor. The lensless camera can be thinner, lighter and cheaper than the lensed camera. But additional computation is required to reconstruct an image from the encoded pattern. Considering that the significant application of the lensless camera could be inference, we propose to perform object recognition directly on the encoded pattern. Avoiding image reconstruction not only saves computational resources but also averts errors and artifacts in reconstruction. We theoretically analyze multiplexing property in mask-based lensless optics which maps local information in the scene to overlapping global information in the encoded pattern. To better extract global features, we propose a simplified Transformer-based architecture. This is the first time to study Transformer-based architecture for encoded pattern recognition in mask-based lensless optics. In the optical experiment, the proposed system achieves 91.47% accuracy on the Fashion MNIST and 96.64% ROC AUC on the cats-vs-dogs dataset. The feasibility of physical object recognition is also evaluated.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.443181

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Fresnel zone aperture (FZA) lens-less camera is a class of computational imaging systems that employs an FZA as a coded mask instead of an optical lens. FZA lens-less camera can perform fast deconvolution reconstruction and realize the re-focusing function. However, the reconstructed image’s spatial resolution is restricted by diffraction when using the conventional method derived from the geometrical optics model. In a previous study, we quantitatively analyzed the diffraction propagation between mask and sensor. Then we proposed a color-channel synthesis reconstruction method based on wave-optics theory. This study proposed a novel image reconstruction method without distorting the color information, comprehensively synthesizing two images captured with different mask-sensor distances to mitigate the diffraction influence and improve the image resolution. The numerical simulation and optical experiment results confirm that the proposed method can improve the spatial resolution to about two times that of the conventional method based on the geometrical optics model.

DOI： 10.1109/icip42928.2021.9506638

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：OSA  

A novel imaging technology in which a see-through screen acts as a camera is proposed based on the optical system using a waveguide holographic optical element and digital image reconstruction.

DOI： 10.1364/dh.2021.df2f.6

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：OSA  

We propose an automatic registration method for the data obtained by a commercial 3D-tracking sensor and the 3D image reproduced by a light-field display for an aerial 3D-touch interface.

DOI： 10.1364/3d.2021.3th7e.2

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Optical Society  

We propose a preliminary lensless inference camera (LLI camera) specialized for object recognition. The LLI camera performs computationally efficient data preprocessing on the optically encoded pattern through the mask, rather than performing computationally expensive image reconstruction before inference. Therefore, the LLI camera avoids expensive computation and achieves real-time inference. This work proposes a new data preprocessing approach, named local binary patterns map generation, dedicated for optically encoded pattern through the mask. This preprocessing approach greatly improves encoded pattern’s robustness to local disturbances in the scene, making the LLI camera’s practical application possible. The performance of the LLI camera is analyzed through optical experiments on handwritten digit recognition and gender estimation under conditions with changing illumination and a moving target.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.416613

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers  

Online video communication systems are widely used among users between remote locations, but the communication quality is still inferior to face-to-face communication. To enhance the quality of video communication systems, it is necessary to provide a sense of presence of the users at a high level and to realize eye contact for better non-verbal communication. The technologies that realize virtual image projection and frontal image capture are promising for such purposes. However, conventional systems require bulky display screens. Thus, we proposed a thinner system using a holographic optical element (HOE), which was utilized as a transparent off-axis mirror and helped increase the flexibility of the system configuration, thus reducing the depth of the space in front. To verify the feasibility of the proposed system, we established a proof-of-concept system with dispersion compensation optics and a full-color HOE, and the system simultaneously realized virtual image projection and frontal image capture.

DOI： 10.3169/mta.9.105

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Optical Society  

An imaging system employing a volume holographic optical element (vHOE) has a unique feature by which the image of an object placed in front of a transparent screen can be captured. The system obtains an image of the light diffracted by the vHOE; however, unwanted background components, including direct reflection or transmitted components, are present in the captured image. In this study, we propose a method to eliminate such background components from the captured images via multispectral image processing. The image components obtained from the diffraction by vHOE can be successfully extracted utilizing the facts that it diffracts light with a narrow spectral range and the reflection spectrum of a natural object is mostly smooth in the wavelength axis. Computer simulations and experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, along with video applications that demonstrate its real-time capability.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.412019

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Optical Society  

The Fresnel-zone-aperture lensless camera using a fringe-scanning technique allows non-iterative well-conditioned image reconstruction; however, the spatial resolution is limited by the mathematical reconstruction model that ignores diffraction. To solve this resolution problem, we propose a novel image-reconstruction algorithm using the wave-optics-based design of the deconvolution filter and color-channel image synthesis. We verify a two-fold improvement of the effective angular resolution by conducting numerical simulations and optical experiments with a prototype.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.410210

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

We propose an image reconstruction technique of a color 3-D object to perform image refocusing by combining information from bright-field image and digital holography. The key concept is first to reconstruct the 3-D object using compressive holography. Next, a binary mask is created to separate objects and transparent voxels. Then, the mask is used to assist the 3-D color object reconstruction from a bright-field image. Finally, image refocusing can be performed by convolving the 3-D object with an incoherent point spread function. We demonstrated the proposed method by conducting a simulation of two different objects. In both simulations, the reconstructed objects give good agreement with ground truth.

DOI： 10.1007/s10043-020-00615-7

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10043-020-00615-7/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Optical Society  

We propose an interactive optical 3D-touch user interface (UI) by using a holographic light-field (LF) 3D display and a color detection system of the scattered light from the touched 3D image. In the proposed system, color information embedded in the LF is used to realize the 3D position identification and movement detection of the interaction point in 3D space only with a single RGB camera. We demonstrate the real-time interactive implementation of the interface working at 12 frames per second, which verifies the feasibility of our proposed concept.

DOI： 10.1364/oe.409126

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ITE  

A whole slide imaging (WSI) scanner scans pathological-specimens to produce digital images for monitor-based diagnosis and analysis. However, the image quality is sometimes insufficient due to focus-error or noise, in which case the slide needs to be rescanned. In previous work, a referenceless quality evaluation technique was proposed, but some artifacts (i.e. tissue-fold, air-bubble) were detected as false positives. Those artifacts need to be ignored in determining whether rescanning is necessary or not, because they are not caused in the scanning but slide preparation stage. This paper proposes a method for a more practical system to assess WSI quality by distinguishing the origins of quality degradation; the focus-error or noise caused by the scanner and the artifact occurred in the slide preparation. In the method, a support vector machine detects artifacts first, and then quality is evaluated excluding artifact regions. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been experimentally demonstrated.

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：The Optical Society  

We propose a novel lensless camera equipping a radial amplitude mask for realizing extended depth-of-field imaging. Here we report simulation results of depth invariant point spread function and extended depth-of-field imaging.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE  

In recent years, tele-communication using video calling functions of, e.g., PCs and smartphones has been used in various situations, such as conversations in personal life and online meetings at work. Aiming at the enhancement of the sense of presence in video telecommunication systems, a holographic off-axis mirror, which is a see-through off-axis reflector fabricated as a holographic optical element (HOE), is utilized as an upright screen for a virtual- image display and a face image capture with eye-contact. Since the chromatic dispersion of the HOE causes image blur, we previously proposed a optical dispersion compensation technique for this system. In this paper, we extend the dispersion-compensation technique to full-color virtual-imaging systems with a holographic off-axis mirror exposed by red, green, and blue lasers. We demonstrate the proof of concept system experimentally using an A4-sized full-color holographic off-axis mirror. We also apply the same concept to the off-axis image capturing system using a full-color holographic mirror, which is also experimentally demonstrated. The proposed full-color virtual-image display and camera system will enable more attractive visual telecommunication systems, such as video phone or online conference.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2545868

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPIE  

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the ERBB2 gene on chromosome 17q12, is a predictive and prognostic biomarker in invasive breast cancer (BC). Approximately 20% of BC are HER2-positive as a result of ERBB2 gene amplification and overexpression of the HER2 protein. Quantification of HER2 is performed routinely on all invasive BCs, to assist in clinical decision making for prognosis and treatment for HER2-positive BC patients by manually counting gene signals. We propose an automated system to quantify the HER2 gene status from chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) whole slide images (WSI) in invasive BC. The proposed method selects untruncated and nonoverlapped singular nuclei from the cancer regions using color unmixing and machine learning techniques. Then, HER2 and chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP17) signals are detected based on the RGB intensity and counted per nucleus. Finally, the HER2-to-CEP17 signal ratio is calculated to determine the HER2 amplification status following the ASCO/CAP 2018 guidelines. The proposed method reduced the labor and time for the quantification. In the experiment, the correlation coefficient between the proposed automatic CISH quantification method and pathologist manual enumeration was 0.98. The p-values larger than 0.05 from the one-sided paired t-test ensured that the proposed method yields statistically indifferent results to the reference method. The method was established on WSI scanned by two different scanners. Through the experiments, the capability of the proposed system has been demonstrated.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Optical Society of America (OSA)  

DOI： 10.1364/DH.2019.Tu4A.4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

A lensless camera is an ultra-thin computational-imaging system. Existing lensless cameras are based on the axial arrangement of an image sensor and a coding mask, and therefore, the back side of the image sensor cannot be captured. In this paper, we propose a lensless camera with a novel design that can capture the front and back sides simultaneously. The proposed camera is composed of multiple coded image sensors, which are complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors in which air holes are randomly made at some pixels by drilling processing. When the sensors are placed facing each other, the object-side sensor works as a coding mask and the other works as a sparsified image sensor. The captured image is a sparse coded image, which can be decoded computationally by using compressive sensing-based image reconstruction. We verified the feasibility of the proposed lensless camera by simulations and experiments. The proposed thin lensless camera realized super-field-of-view imaging without lenses or coding masks and therefore can be used for rich information sensing in confined spaces. This work also suggests a new direction in the design of CMOS image sensors in the era of computational imaging.

DOI： 10.3390/s19061329

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Display Workshops  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OPTICAL SOC AMER  

An Airy beam can be used to implement a non-diffracting self-bending point-spread function (PSF), which can be utilized for computational 3D imaging. However, the parabolic depth-dependent spot trajectory limits the range and resolution in rangefinding. In this Letter, we propose a novel pupil-phase-modulation method to realize a non-diffracting linear-shift PSF. For the modulation, we use a focus-multiplexed computer-generated hologram, which is calculated by multiplexing multiple lens-function holograms with 2D sweeping of the foci. With this method, the depth-dependent trajectory of the non-diffracting spot is straightened, which improves the range and resolution in rangefinding. The proposed method was verified by numerical simulations and optical experiments. The method can be applied to laser-based microscopy, time-of-flight rangefinding, and so on.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OPTICAL SOC AMER  

We propose off-axis virtual-image display and camera systems, which integrate a vertically-standing holographic off-axis mirror, blur-compensation optical systems, and digital imaging devices. In the system, the holographic mirror is used for an off-axis reflector, which realizes an upright and thin screen for virtual-image formation. By combining it with a display unit, an off-axis virtual-image display is realized, where the virtual image can be seen behind the upright holographic mirror. Simultaneously, by combining it with a camera unit, an off-axis camera is implemented, which realizes frontal shooting of objects by a camera placed at an off-axis position. Since both the off-axis display and the camera can be implemented by a single holographic mirror, it can be applied to a two-way visual-telecommunication system with a thin screen, which implements eye contact and the observer--image distance. A problem with the proposed system is image blur, which is caused by the chromatic dispersion of the holographic mirror. To solve this, we designed optical blur-compensation systems using a diffractive optical element and a diffuser or a lens. Experimental results verify the concept of the proposed systems with clarifying the effect of designed blur-compensation methods.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer  

The application of digital holography in cell imaging is gaining attraction as it gives quantitative information related to optical thickness without the need for staining. In contrast, conventional pathology examination uses tissues or cells that are stained to visualize the morphological structure or molecular expression with color. However, the relationship between color information and quantitative phase inside histopathology specimen is not yet well understood. In this study, we developed a system to capture both a color image and digital hologram, and those of H&E (hematoxylin and eosin)-stained liver tissue were acquired. Then, we calculated and analyzed the relationship between the textural features inside the color and phase images for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) histopathological specimen. Upon experimental investigation, we found that gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural features in phase images are useful for discriminating cancer and normal tissue, and varies between HCC grades which bring the possibility to be utilized for HCC diagnosis or classification without staining procedure.

DOI： 10.1007/s10015-018-0468-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer  

Advances in whole-slide scanning have led to research on digital pathology, including monitor-based diagnosis, feature quantification, and computer-aided diagnosis. The color variations due to the staining process and scanning device are a serious issue that should be solved in whole-slide imaging applications, and methods for color correction have been studied. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of color-correction methods in the quantitative analysis of histopathological images acquired by different whole-slide scanners (WSSs) has not been confirmed. In this work, several liver tissue samples were scanned by different WSSs, and a color-correction method for whole-slide images was applied to the digitized tissue specimens. A set of histological features were extracted from the histopathological images, both without and with color correction, to analyze the effectiveness of the color-correction method in feature quantification and cancer identification.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OPTICAL SOC AMER  

In the calculation of large-scale computer-generated holograms, an approach called “tiling,” which divides the hologram plane into small rectangles, is often employed due to limitations on computational memory. However, the total amount of computational complexity severely increases with the number of divisions. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for calculating tiled large-scale holograms using ray-wavefront conversion. In experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by comparing its calculation cost with that using the previous method. Additionally, a hologram of 128K × 128K pixels was calculated and fabricated by a laser-lithography system, and a high-quality 105 mm × 105 mm 3D image including complicated reflection and translucency was optically reconstructed.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Display Workshops  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Display Workshops  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2317050

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：OSA - The Optical Society  

DOI： 10.1364/DH.2018.DTh3D.5

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1364/AO.56.009520

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Display Workshops  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Recently an algorithm to separate fluorescent and reflective components from a hyperspectral image has been reported, in which the important task of spectral unmixing of multiple fluorescent components was left unresolved. In this paper, we present the algorithm to simultaneously separate those components and unmix fluorophores (SSUF: Simultaneous Separation and Unmixing of Fluorescent components) from a single hyperspectral image. Two variants are introduced for the cases when fluorophore spectra are known and unknown. Experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed method.

DOI： 10.1109/ICIP.2016.7533180

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1364/OL.41.001396

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2212301

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.54.042501

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Doctoral thesis  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s10043-015-0060-2

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：International Display Workshops  

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Optical Society of America (OSA)  

DOI： 10.1364/jsap.2014.20p_c4_2

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPIE  

DOI： 10.1117/12.2071659

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1364/OE.21.029523

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1364/AO.52.008146

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OPTICAL SOC AMER  

DOI： 10.1364/OL.38.001560

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Optical Society of America (OSA)  

DOI： 10.1364/cosi.2013.cw3c.4

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1364/OE.20.027482

Web of Science

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Optical Society of America (OSA)  

DOI： 10.1364/cosi.2012.cm2b.4

Scopus

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1143/APEX.4.112501

Web of Science

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Authorship：Lead author,　Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本バーチャルリアリティ学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本バーチャルリアリティ学会  

DOI： 10.18974/jvrsj.29.3_7

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)   Publisher：(株)オプトロニクス社  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本光学会  

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本光学会  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

DOI： 10.1117/2.1201412.005656

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)   Publisher：日本工業出版  

CiNii Books

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：寝屋川   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2026.1

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：San Francisco   Country：United States  

This study presents a method for single-shot, natural-light, full-color motion-picture holography. Incoherent digital holography (IDH) actively exploits the wave nature of light to capture complex amplitude, enabling high-fidelity 3D reconstruction and digital refocusing. We report on a portable holographic camera system equipped with a birefringent dual-focus lens and a polarization color image sensor. This architecture realizes a robust common-path phase-shifting interferometer capable of single-shot acquisition. We experimentally demonstrate the recording of 3D full-color videos of moving subjects and outdoor scenes illuminated solely by spatially and temporally incoherent light.

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Event date： 2025.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2025.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：San Diego, California, USA   Country：United States  

Computational lensless imaging is a technology that achieves imaging by integrating lensless coded optical systems with advanced image reconstruction techniques. This approach enables the development of ultra-thin optical systems that surpass conventional physical limitations. In this talk, I will present recent advancements in high-performance lensless imaging, focusing on the aggressive design of coded optical systems.

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：大阪   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2025.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

符号化撮像及び画像再構成処理に基づくレンズレスイメージング技術は、撮像光学系における焦点距離と撮像素子面積のスケーリング則を原理的に解決し、カメラハードウェアの革新的薄型化を実現する。さらに、符号化の設計自由度を駆使することで、被写界深度の拡大や撮像の三次元化など、従来のカメラを超える性能・機能をも実現できる。本講演では、このようなレンズレスカメラの技術を説明するとともに、研究動向や今後の展望を述べる。

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Other Link： https://speakerdeck.com/ssii/ssii2025-ss1

Event date： 2024.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Honolulu   Country：United States  

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Event date： 2024.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Himeji   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2024.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Denver   Country：United States  

Computational coded imaging systems employ image-reconstruction algorithms to decode captured images. In this talk, I introduce lensless and super-resolution imaging systems utilizing trained/untrained neural networks for image reconstruction processing.

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Event date： 2024.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Jeju   Country：Korea, Republic of  

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Event date： 2024.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：online   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2024.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2023.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Beppu   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2023.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：東大阪   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2023.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Jeju   Country：Korea, Republic of  

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Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：神戸   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2022.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Hamamatsu   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2022.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2022.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Yokohama   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2021.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：online   Country：Japan  

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Event date： 2021.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：English  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Applicant：Tohoku University

Application no：特願2017-250153  Date applied：2017.12

Announcement no：特開2019-117233  Date announced：2019.7

Patent/Registration no：特許7021772  Date registered：2022.2 

Country of applicant：Domestic  

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Applicant：Tokyo Institute of Technology, NTT DOCOMO, INC.

Application no：PCT/JP2017/024363  Date applied：2017.7

Announcement no：WO2018/025551  Date announced：2018.2

Patent/Registration no：US10,582,154,B2  Date registered：2020.3 

Rights holder：Tokyo Institute of Technology, NTT DOCOMO, INC.   Country of applicant：Foreign country , International (PCT) application   Country of acquisition：Foreign country

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Applicant：Tokyo Institute of Technology

Application no：特願2017-093613  Date applied：2017.5

Country of applicant：Domestic  

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Applicant：Tokyo Institute of Technology, NTT DOCOMO, INC.

Application no：特願2017-022271  Date applied：2017.2

Announcement no：特開2018-128603  Date announced：2018.8

Patent/Registration no：特許6699005  Date registered：2020.5 

Rights holder：Tokyo Institute of Technology, NTT DOCOMO, INC.   Country of applicant：Domestic   Country of acquisition：Domestic

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Applicant：Tokyo Institute of Technology, NTT DOCOMO, INC.

Application no：特願2016-172878  Date applied：2016.9

Announcement no：特開2018-026775  Date announced：2018.2

Patent/Registration no：特許10582154  Date registered：2020.3 

Rights holder：Tokyo Institute of Technology, NTT DOCOMO, INC.   Country of applicant：Domestic   Country of acquisition：Domestic

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Award type：Award from international society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：Japan

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Award type：Award from international society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：Japan

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Award type：Award from international society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：United States

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Country：Japan

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Award type：Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc.  Country：Japan

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Award type：Award from international society, conference, symposium, etc. 

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Award type：Award from publisher, newspaper, foundation, etc. 

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Award type：Award from international society, conference, symposium, etc. 

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Award type：International academic award (Japan or overseas) 

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Award type：Award from publisher, newspaper, foundation, etc. 

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Award type：Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc. 

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Award type：Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc. 

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Audience： Infants,　Schoolchildren,　Junior students,　High school students,　General

Type：TV or radio program

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