Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press  

DOI： 10.20965/ijat.2020.p0175

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DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/1314/1/012149

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DOI： 10.1088/2631-7990/ab3e54

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemsd.2019.504

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 精密工学会  

<p>マグネシウム合金は比重が低く，機械的性質が優れたため，骨折の治療などのインプラント材としての使用が期待されているが，分解速度が速すぎることが問題点である．本研究ではボールバニシング加工を用いて，マグネシウム合金AZ31の微細組織を制御することより，強度及び耐食性の制御を目的としている．本報告では，ボールバニシング加工の加工条件がAZ31板の表面改質効果に及ばす影響を紹介する．</p>

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2019S.0_147

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmelem.2017.9.047

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.048

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.057

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society for Precision Engineering  

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2017S.0_787

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society for Precision Engineering  

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2017S.0_951

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 精密工学会  

部品の高精度かつ高効率な加工の要求があり、その解決案として加工中の切削力をモニタリングすることで、外乱を検知し避けるという手法がある．その中でも，動力計などの新しいセンサを付加しない切削力のオブザーバはコスト面を考えても需要がある．本研究では、多軸の工作機械の振動モードの測定を行い、加工に影響する振動モードを調べ，その振動を考慮した切削力オブザーバの構築を目的としている。

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2017S.0_917

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 精密工学会  

従来のバニシング工具ではばねを内蔵することで力の大きさを決定しているが，ばねの性能や被加工面の形状により力の大きさは不均一となり改質層の性質も不均一となってしまう．本研究では内蔵した空気圧シリンダの出力を調整することで，押し付ける力を一定に制御することを可能にした工具の作成を行い，その精度と有効性を検討した．

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2017S.0_445

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 精密工学会  

金属極細線の曲げ加工において，従来の塑性変形を利用した方法では加工コストが高く，多品種少量生産に向かない．レーザフォーミングは熱応力を用いた加工であり，その特徴から微小部品への適用が可能だが，加工誤差が大きい．本研究では，加工誤差の低減のため，照射パラメータが誤差に及ぼす影響およびパラメータと曲げ角の関係性を検討し，所望の曲げ角を得るのに適切な照射パラメータの決定方法を提案，その有効性を確認した．

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2016S.0_817

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Laser forming is a non-contact machining technique for metallic<br />
materials that has mainly been used for bending thin metal sheets. Because<br />
non-contact machining does not exhibit spring-back, laser forming can be used<br />
for high-precision bending. In this study, we tried to use laser forming for<br />
fabricating small, thin wire parts. The effects of laser irradiation parameters<br />
such as pulse width, peak power, and oscillation frequency, were carefully<br />
examined. The irradiated wires were pre-processed and thereafter subjected to<br />
sectional SEM-based structural analysis. From the analysis, we confirmed that<br />
wire bending is induced by an intra-wire temperature gradient. In addition, we<br />
propose a multi-irradiation technique for enhancing the stability of bending and<br />
obtaining large bending angles. The effect of this technique was also<br />
investigated by sectional and heat conduction analyses.

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Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7750-7948

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1299/jamdsm.2015jamdsm0076

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1299/jamdsm.2015jamdsm0034

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Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7750-7948

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1299/jamdsm.2015jamdsm0004

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Trans Tech Publications Ltd  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.625.372

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Trans Tech Publications Ltd  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.625.392

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society for Precision Engineering  

In this paper, an approach is presented for finding an intersection curves between triangulated mesh (designed geometry) and point cloud data (acquired geometry). We use projection based Moving Least Squares (MLS) surface as the underlying surface representation for acquired point-sampled geometry. This phase can be viewed as first step towards direct Boolean operation between such meshed surface and point cloud data. Based on MLS surface definition, an algorithm is developed to find the intersection point between plane and MLS surface. We then extend this algorithm to intersect entire mesh model with point cloud. Once intersection points are known it is possible to carry out Boolean operation and generate hybrid model.

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2015S.0_1099

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society for Precision Engineering  

In reverse engineering, a laser scanner is commonly used to digitize dense data in short time. Multi-view measurement is often applied in order to get whole surfaces data of part. Registration is applied to unify the different data. It becomes a critical step when the accuracy is main purpose. Registration of accurate part becomes complicated when data sets have different data distribution. Some researchers have proposed some method to solve this problem. Commonly, proposed registration based on coordinate transformation, then continued by ICP method or plane-to-plane registration. Those methods have their advantages and advantages. The shortcoming of existed plane-to-plane registration for accurate part is difficulty to define a base for registration. This proposed method is based on how to matching plane of two or more different sets in the same position and orientation. In this paper, we propose new registration method based on plane-to-plane. Cube method is used to identify the point, plane and normal in the same position. The CMM measurement is used to register data sets if there is no data coincident of two or more different laser data sets. The real application is applied to test the method and result is analyzed.

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2015S.0_1101

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 精密工学会  

本論文では，生産現場での突発事項などに柔軟に対応可能なシステムを実現するために，自律分散システムの概念に基づき，中枢を持たないスケジューリングシステムの設計を試みた．システムには機械，人，搬送車がアトムとして存在する．各アトムが自分のメッセージを相手指定なしでデータフィールドに送信し，自分と関連があるメッセージだけを受け取る．この送受信のみでスケジューリングが行えるシステムの基本設計を提案した．

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2015S.0_267

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 精密工学会  

複合加工機は一台でミリング，旋削，穴あけなど様々な加工が可能である一方，加工部位であるフィーチャの定義，効率的な加工工程を含む加工データの作成に多くの時間を要する．そこで，本研究ではこれらを自動化するシステムを開発する．自動フィーチャ認識のためにCADモデルはグラフに変換され，さらに，認識されたフィーチャ間の親子関係を考慮することによって，実現可能で高効率な加工順序を決定する．

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2015S.0_773

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society for Precision Engineering  

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2015S.0_771

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 精密工学会  

PTFE(四フッ化エチレン樹脂)は，電気絶縁性・耐薬品性など優れた性質を有するため，工業材料としての利用が注目されているが，射出成形が困難な材料であるため切削による精密加工の要求が高まっている．しかし，PTFEは切削時に弾性・熱変形を起こしやすく，良好な加工面精度を得ることが難しい．本研究では，PTFEの加工面精度と切削条件との関係を調べるために，種々の切削条件でエンドミル加工面の加工面精度の測定を行った．

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2015S.0_1039

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Trans Tech Publications Ltd  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1017.141

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Trans Tech Publications Ltd  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1017.281

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.516.192

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.516.166

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.523-524.463

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.472-475.317

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.299-300.1091

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1299/jamdsm.5.240

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.1109/ICMECH.2011.5971321

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.287-290.2982

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.322.357

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.447-448.826

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1299/jamdsm.4.1033

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.447-448.287

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.447-448.321

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Various advantages exist if it is possible to miniaturize machine tools to fit processing object. However, simply miniaturization of a machine tool ordinary decreases the rigidity of the machine tool, and it cause decreasing of the accuracy and performance. For a miniaturization of machine tools that keep their rigidity, we proposed a new structure of small milling machine that have a work space in the shell structure. Next, the difference from usual machine tools in design was considered. Moreover, a FEM analysis was executed for spherical shell models with proposed structure, and it was shown that making a proper thickness distribution is important to enhance rigidity.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2009.4.0_233

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Recently CAD/CAM systems is familiarized, and products design including the free-form surface came into wide use. Now a lot of tool-path patterns are proposed for milling process of free-form surface. Therefore, it is necessary to select an appropriate tool-path pattern according to the form of surface. For such reason, the selection of appropriate tool-path based on the form of surface represented by NURBS is studied. In this research, three tool-path generating methods, iso-parametric method, iso-planar method and constant scallop height method, were taken for comparison. A free-form surface was machined with three methods, and then the machined surfaces were measured. The difference between Z coordinates of the measured point and that of the target surface was defined as the error margin in order to evaluate performance of tool-path pattern. The results showed that proper selection of milling method would get the good surface integrity.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2009.4.0_281

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this research, an effective tool path generation for free form surface is investigated by using 8-axis robot system. Processing freeform surface using this robot is already done, and the way for processing freeform surface and tool path generation using this system is established. However, because of many problems, for example interference on tool and work, complexity of the algorism for tool path generation, and so on, it is difficult to process complex form, and processing is not inefficient. In this research, I consider improving the algorism for tool path generation, and suggest processing efficiently and processing complex form.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2008.4.0_255

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1299/jamdsm.1.628

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2017S.0_321

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemmt.2016.11.C12

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmekanto.2016.22._OS0609-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmekanto.2016.22._OS0610-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Titanium is used in many industry fields because of its high rigidity and harmlessness to human body. Titanium coloring by laser irradiation has attracted interests, however it has not been widely used in industry because it is difficult to control hue. In this research, the coloring mechanism of titanium oxide layers which is generated by pulsed Nd:YVO4 laser (wave length λ=1064nm) treatment in air was discussed. A series of colors were obtained by changing the laser irradiation parameter. By evaluating the obtained color, it is found that the brightness is related with the surface roughness. In addition, by microscope observation, it is found that the surface of the titanium and the area of titanium oxide layers after laser irradiation are affected by oscillation frequency. As the results, both the laser irradiation parameters and the surface state of titanium have to be considered for control the color.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

3D mesh data obtained by 3D scanner has self-intersection surface because of 3D scanner error and mesh generation error. These mesh data that include self-intersection can't be used for 3D printing and FEM, etc. Therefore, self-intersection need to be removed. In this paper, a new self-intersection removing Algorithm is presented. The proposed algorithm has four processes. First, detect self-intersection surfaces. Second, divide to detect surfaces. Third, judge divide surface is inner or outer. Fourth, delete inner and burying surface. This proposed algorithm could remove self-intersection surface in 3D mesh data without changing original shape. So this method is more accurate than the conventional method with regard to outer shape.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2016S.0_761

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2016S.0_739

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)  

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This study is focused on the basic mechanism of the laser coloring technique to the titanium by using Nd/YVO_4 laser. Relation between laser irradiation parameters and obtained color has been carefully investigated by color evaluation and surface roughness measurement. The obtained colors changed as the input energy increase and the trend of color change matched qualitatively to the theoretical estimation assuming that the thickness of the layer becomes higher by increase of the input energy. On the other hand, as the surface became rough, the color became dark. Therefore it can be concluded that if laser parameters are suitably controlled, arbitrary value of hue and brightness can be obtained.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper proposed registration of 3D point cloud data sets in reverse engineering of fidelity and precision part by utilization the extracted feature, especially plane features. The objective of proposed method is to solve 3D registration problem of the pairwise data sets with different form and distribution, to improve the fidelity and precision, and to speed up the computation time. This proposed method consists of rough and fine registration. After rough registration, plane features are extracted and validated in correspond grids to be basis of fine registration. Fine registration is then applied based on point-to-point and plane-to-plane registration using ICP by brute force and kD-tree matting scenarios. The experiment showed extraction and validation plane improved the fidelity and precision in both point-to-point and plane-to-plane registration in all scenarios, while kD-tree yielded faster convergence.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._S1310105-

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Color marking of titanium by titanium oxide coatings are widely used in many fields such as medical implants because they are environment friendly and safe to human body due to no dyes used. Laser irradiation is an efficient approach to obtain oxide coatings. But it has not been used widely in the industry as it is regarded difficult and not repeatable. In this research, the coloring mechanism of titanium oxide layers generated by pulsed Nd:YAG laser (3rd harmonic: λ=355nm) treatment in air was discussed. A series of colors were obtained by varying the laser irradiation pulse energy. With the assumption of formation of uniform titanium dioxide layer on titanium surface, it was confirmed that observed colors calculated by light interference theory were in good accordance with the experimental ones. For investigating hues, CIE 1931 x-y color space and Surface Profile Meter were used. In conclusion, intensity decrease according to increasing pulse energy.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2015S.0_351

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemmt.2014.10.97

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

System combining a plurality of resins or metals to be constructed fabrication in recent years, has also been used in the manufacture of the final products by improving the technology, hybrid laminate of metal and resin is not built yet. Therefore, to construct a metal fabrication system that combines a cutting for the purpose of which lead to metal-resin composite laminate shaping system to establish a fabrication of the metal using a laser, to perform the laminate stable and of a layered manufacturing in the present study I showed the usefulness of the method of the present study evaluated for cutting.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

It is easy for laser forming to control power and laser forming does not use a tool, so there is not wear of a tool. There are a lot of advantage in laser forming. But laser forming is not practical because of working difficulty. In this paper, I observed SUS304 wire after laser forming by SEM. I processed SUS304 wire and measured bending angle. Additionally l got temperature of SUS304 wire by simulation.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

DOI： 10.11522/pscjspe.2014S.0_677

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Current CAM systems are difficult for unskilled engineers to use and are still labor-intensive tasks because of too many conditions to select. In this research, the automatic machining process deciding system was developed. The system analyzes the shape of a 3D-model and extracts manufacturing features considering combinations of feature regions. Each manufacturing feature has the corresponding machining method, so the system decides machining method following them. The system also selects cutting tool considering the shape of manufacturing features and decides machining sequence considering combinations of machining tool. This system enables unskilled user to achieve more efficient machining process.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

It is easy for laser forming to control power and laserfoming does not use a tool, so there is not wear of a tool. There are a lot of advantage in laser forming. But laser forming is not practical because of working difficulty. In this paper, I explain temperature distribution of SUS304 wire after laser forming to use result of simulation. In addition, I show a result of experimental data of laser forming that I irradiate laser two difficult point of the surface of SUS304 wire. I found variation of bending angle because of distance of two irradiation points.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Custom-made hip implants can offer the best available solution for patients with femoral anatomical deformity associated with arthritis when application of standard implant would not be appropriate. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are ideal for fabricating custom made objects with intricate external and internal geometry. In the present work, a design and digital fabrication methodology of patient-specific hip implants using AM based on patient CT images data have been introduced. The proposed methodology comprises the integration of medical imaging, CAD, anatomical reverse engineering, virtual reality (VR) and additive manufacturing. The methodology increases the potential of customizing implants to improve the geometrical matching of implant and surrounding bone.

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In traditional layered manufacturing, stair step effect occurs in two adjacent layers. In order to increase the surface precision, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the layer. As a result, the number of layers increases, and the total build time increas es. Therefore, in this research, a new layered manufacturing method using the wire electric discharge machine was proposed. And the tool path generation algorithm was developed for this proposed method.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this paper, the coloring mechanism of oxide layer on titanium surface generated by pulsed Nd: YAG laser (λ=1064μm) treatment in the air was discussed. Under certain laser irradiating condition, a series of colors were obtained by varying the laser scanning velocity, which could be reasonably explained by light interference theory. Moreover, same average accumulated energy under fixed irradiating condition basing on theoretical calculation which due to proper set of scanning velocity and interval of adjacent traces had been certified to generate same color.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

With a progress of CAD/CAM system and CG software, design and processing of more complicated shape is enabled. Machine tools having more than five axes are used for processing of this complicated shape, and processing of high-flexibility shape it is impossible for three-axis machine tool is enabled. In this research, turning center is used for an example of multi-axis machine tool. For a way of high-efficiency processing, a new rough cutting process by using simplified polygon model is suggested, tool path calculation method of that new processing is developed, and result of efficiency improvement by this developed process is considered and rough machining with the tool path.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Currently CAD/CAM systems have become more and more common in automated manufacturing to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of machining process. However, currently the CAM programming is still a labor-intensive task. How to analyze the shapes of the products, and how to identify a specific machining operation are mainly relied on the experience the CAM programmer. Therefore, the feature extraction system, which analyses the shape of 3D-model instead of CAM users, was developed in this research. This research enables CAM user who is lack of machining knowledge to generate more effective machining path. Moreover, corresponding machining methods can be automatically carried out to each manufacturing feature by utilizing developed system together with the existing CAM system.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this research, new algorithm for evaluation of real contact area (RCA) from direct observed image under high load condition was proposed. At first, experimental equipment which was suitable for high load condition was developed. It was available for observation by both optical and ultrasonic method. Then the RCA was obtained from optically observed image by edge detection technique. After that the validity of the optical method was checked by comparing with another system based on analysis of ultrasonic reflection analysis under the same contact conditions. As a result, it has been found that the optical method and the ultrasonic method have similar tendency and close values in low load condition. From the experimental result, it was proved that proposed algorithm was effective and appropriate.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This research propose a method of production scheduling using autonomous distributed systems which includes not only machine but also Human and AGV's schedule. Moreover this method realizes real time scheduling and parallel scheduling. Therefore, a new structure of production scheduling is proposed, which can realize to change a type of production scheduler to correspond with a type of production system. Especially this paper focuses on the effect of bottle neck process. Some sample experiment is performed and some problem is discussed.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Recent industrial products are required more practicality and design. This demands push machine tool into 5-axis control from 3-axis. However, research on multi-axis processing, especially over 5-axis processing system is not progressed.The 8-Axis robot system is constructed of 6-Axis manipulator and 2-axis table. It can process polystyrene foam using hot chip cutter. Generating toolpath method is converting G-code outputted by CAM software to NC-code for 8-axis robot system. In converting, its redundancy is utilized max. In this research, maximizing position accuracy, machining swarf falling and thermal control is realized by using gravity direction parameter optimization. It enables its processing more high quality.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Rapid Prototyping is 3D modeling method to laminate divided CAD data. RP can fabricate high design shapes that cutting is unable to manufacture. Therefore it is demanded high molding accuracy by RP. The purpose of this research is improving accuracy of 3D shape model using RP. In this study, sphere model fabricated from RP is measured from deferent modeling direction. By evaluation of its radius, the trend for dimension error from molding direction is indicated. In addition, the error reduction method by changing CAD model scale is proposed and its efficacy is demonstrated by compare measured 3D model to CAD model.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this research is making a valuation of relationship between the structural color appeared on titanium and the condition of laser irradiation. The pulsed Nd-YAG laser that wavelength is 355nm is irradiated to titanium alloy in scanning lines. Various structural colors are appeared by changing pulse energy, pulse interval time, pulse overlap rate, and scanning lines interval. These colors are caused by interference of reflected light between the surface of titanium alloy and thin film of compound that formed by laser irradiation. Therefore, the hue can be showed by thickness of thin film quantitatively. As a result of laser irradiation, thickness of compound is shown in the form of cube root of pulse energy and it is proportional to the pulse overlap rate and scanning lines interval. In addition, the roughness of surface before irradiate laser do not influence to the hue of structural color, and the composition of compound is similarly regardless of the hue. The relationship of the film thickness and pulse interval time can't be estimated.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In recent years, using high-strength steel and super-high-strength steel have risen because of weight saving. But these materials are usually difficult-to-cut material. So Wire Electrical Discharge Machine (WEDM) is widely used in electronics industry. In order to machine more complicate body, for example hemisphere, in WEDM, the 6-axis WEDM, in which work material rotating axis is added to the common 5-axis WEDM, was developed. In this research the path generation method for machining the rotating body by 6-axis WEDM is proposed and the rotating body using the tool path generated by the method is machined.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In late years, according to the downsizing of a variety of products, small part is required.When small wire structures are produced, a processing method, which gives direct power to the wire and makes it to transform, is proposed. Precision is bad by the processing of a small wire by the influence of the background spring as problems of this method.YAG laser performs the laser forming of the wire in this paper.The laser forming is a plasticity processing method using thermal stress. The processing of a small wire comes to have good precision by using laser forming. If the wire is narrow,the wire melts by laser. Therefore the chilling effect of wire is raised by laser forming in water. By investigating the bending angle of the wire by laser forming in atmosphere and in water, it was confirmed that the increase of the bending angle of the wire, a blowout rate decreased by performing laser forming in water. In addition, when the laser forming is performed at the irradiation position of plural lasers, the bending angle is increased.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

When globalization of the production advances, the competition between companies becomes more intense, and the new product development competition intensifies accordingly. Therefore, in the current development of products, it is necessary to perform enough confirmation for the development product by making a prototype in short-term development to an attendant. Therefore technique called, Rapid Prototyping(RP) appeared in trial product molding methods. When there is an overhang in a model shape, support materials are necessary when laminated construction is molded with Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM) which is one of this technique. However, molding time and a material cost are wasted because the support materials are discarded after model molding. In this paper, it is suggested that an overhang is laminated without using support by using 5-axis control device with a turn-tilt table. In addition, it is clarified the angle of inclination of the overhang to need support by the laminating of the evaluation model that the angle of inclination is 60 degrees, and showed the contracted result of the molding time reduced 60% off. And there is a problem in the development and suggested the solution for it.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Though there is no accumulating forming technology that combines the resin and the metal. If it is achieved, the functionality of the products will be improved and varied. So in this research, to accomplish these technology, the deposition principle was proposed, and the condition needed to melt both metal and resin materials are analyzed. In order to find out the optimal condition, fundimental experiments with different conditions are carried out. The laser irradiation, height, angle, repitition, and laser power are changed. As a result, it was often observed the point where laser beam was irradiated became spherical cluster. This may leads to unstability of the deposition product, so the problem should be solved. In the experiments, the conditions to occur the transformation are investigated.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This research proposes a method of production scheduling using autonomous distributed system. A concrete message protocol is proposed to realize the production scheduling which includes not only Machine but also Human and AGV's schedule. Moreover this method realizes real time scheduling and parallel scheduling. Therefore, a new structure of production scheduling is proposed, which can realize to change a type of production scheduler to correspond with a type of production system.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Generally, it is inevitable problem that processing accuracy decreases after workpiece position is changed. And this workpiece attachment error affects the accuracy of final shape. Therefore, exact and careful operations to change the workpiece position is required of operators. The purpose of this research is to construct the system that improves the efficiency of the operations by combining laser displacement sensor to 3 axis NC machine tool. After workpiece position is changed, 3D shape data of the part that has already been processed is obtained by laser displacement sensor, and workpiece attachment error is detected by matching the data to target shape. Next, the coordinate of NC code is transformed to correct the attachment error and feed back to following processing. In this research the system was constructed and a 3D model was processed with the system. And workpiece attachment error was evaluated.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In manufacturing industry, CAM (Computer aided manufacturing) software is utilized to generate to tool paths for the CNC (Computer numerical controlled) machine tools. However, there are still many parameters requiring human decision. Especially in free form surface machining field, the diversity and complexity of the surface make it challenging to achieve both the surface quality and machining efficiency. In the proposed method the freeform surfaces are subdivided into different groups of patches according to the surface normal vector value. The neighboring areas on the freeform surface that approximately have the same normal vectors are clustered into one group of patch and tool path is generated on each patch. This method is implemented on a freeform surface model. The result of the proposed method is compared with the traditional tool path generation method and evaluated by the machining time.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this research, a compact desktop machine tool with polar-coordinate is proposed. Based on its polar-coordinate configuration, two rotational axes and one linear axis, it provides a higher flexibility than the traditional 3-axis machine tools. By using a hotwire cutter as the cutting tools, it could rapidly machine a fine product from a CAD model. Furthermore, by changing the tools into a touch probe sensor, it could also precisely measure the shape of a 3D object. With the versatile CAD/CAM software, which was specially designed for this Polar-coordinate desktop machine tool (PDMT), this system could fulfill various tasks, such as measurement of 3D objects, reconstruction of 3D models, machining of 3D parts, and even duplication of 3D products.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Due to the high functionality of polymer materials, they are widely used in various applications. In this research, firstly the ablation of PMMA using excimer laser was studied. Through simulation and actual experimentation, it is found that the cutting depth was proportional to irradiation pulse number. Therefore, when the laser frequency is fixed, by changing the feed rate of the work piece, the irradiation pulse number and the cutting depth can be controlled. Based on the control of work piece feed rate, the free-form surface machining method of PMMA using excimer laser was proposed.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Complex product is usually decomposed into various levels subassembly at assembly planning stage to achieve efficient production. Adjusting directly design structure tree of product in digital system is an important way for rapidly partitioning various levels subassembly. However, assembly reorganization, such as adjusting and modifying design structure tree, is very difficult in commerce CAD systems for their rigid limitation of assembly model. In this paper, the assembly information was firstly introduced. An assembly relationship representing model based on Assembly Relationship Element(ARE) was proposed, which associates flexibly assembly relationship information with hierarchical structure information. Organizing and storage mechanism of assembly information in assembly file were also presented. Based on analysis of reorganizing modes, dynamic management methods of assembly information in assembly files during reorganizing structure tree were proposed in details. Case study of universal transmission machine was finally given in digital assembly prototype system to verify the above research results.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this research, an effective tool path generation method for 3D model's machining is investigated by using multi-axis robot system. Processing 3D models using this robot system is already done, and the way for processing 3D models and tool path generation using this system is established. However, because of many problems, for example interference on tool and work, complexity of the algorism for tool path generation, and so on, it is difficult to produce complex models, and processing is not inefficient. In this research, improvement for tool path generation algrithm is considered ,and efficient processing of complex form is suggested.

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Freeform surface is widely used in CAD and other engineering applications to describe the surface of 3D objects. Generally multi-axis machine tools are used for the manufacturing of those products with complex shapes. In this research, the main aim is to analyze the characteristics of the freeform surface, and to extract the feature areas of the freeform surface. These feature information may be used in CAM programming, to generate more efficient tool paths, and to improve the efficiency for freeform surface machining. In mesh simplification researches, one of the main goals is to find out the feature elements, and to keep these features with the models is being simplified. In this paper, feature line segments detection and Gaussian curvature analysis of freeform surface are presented, and the discussions about the experimental results are addressed.

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Freeform surfaces are machined in many different methods. In this research, Z-level finishing machining tool path generation method is studied. The machining strategy by separating the freeform surface into horizontal area and vertical area by the maximum slope angle of the surface inclination create best possible surface finishing. Four different tool motion patterns: zigzag, offset, spiral, and morphing are compared in terms of machining time, rapid machining length, and feed machining time. Tool path generation pattern setting can machine the complex surface in an efficient way with good quality.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

CiNii Books

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DOI： 10.1299/jamdsm.2.812

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Laser forming is a non-contact processing technique for metallic materials, which has usually been used for bending metal sheets. Because laser forming does not have spring-back compared with the conventional bending method, it is usually used for high-precision bending. In the previous research, the authors have successfully used laser forming for fabricating small, thin wire parts. However, it is very difficult to precisely control the bending angles because the heat capacity of the micro-wire is very small. In this study, the target is focused on the laser forming of micro-wire, with the diameter of 0.05mm. An error compensation method based on visual feedback is proposed. As a result, the dispersion of the bending angles by this proposed method can be achieved around 0.2 degrees.

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System combining a plurality of resins or metals to be constructed fabrication in recent years, has also been used in the manufacture of the final products by improving the technology, hybrid laminate of metal and resin is not built yet. Therefore, to construct a metal fabrication system that combines a cutting for the purpose of which lead to metal-resin composite laminate shaping system to establish a fabrication of the metal using a laser, to perform the laminate stable and of a layered manufacturing in the present study I showed the usefulness of the method of the present study evaluated for cutting.

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Language：Japanese  

It is easy for laser forming to control power and laser forming does not use a tool, so there is not wear of a tool. There are a lot of advantage in laser forming. But laser forming is not practical because of working difficulty. In this paper, I observed SUS304 wire after laser forming by SEM. I processed SUS304 wire and measured bending angle. Additionally l got temperature of SUS304 wire by simulation.

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Language：Japanese  

Dynamic characteristics of guideways influence on not only motion accuracy of feed drives but also stability of regenerative chatter vibration which deteriorates productive efficiency of machine tools. This paper describes the influence of the frictional hysteretic behavior in pre-rolling region on dynamic characteristics of the rolling guideway which is widely used in machine tools. The numerical analysis by using the friction model is conducted. The simple friction model based on Masing rule is constructed to identify the inherent factor which affects to the dynamic characteristics of the rolling guideway. The hysteretic behavior generates the harmonic and super harmonic resonances in the frequency response, and causes the excitation force dependency of the frequency response. The tendency of this excitation force dependency varies only with the change rate of friction in the pre-rolling region. If the change rate of friction was large, the harmonic resonance frequency would be high. Also the compliance at the harmonic resonance increases monotony in accordance with increasing the excitation force amplitude. Finally, the experiment with the roller guideway is conducted to prove the validity of the numerical analysis.

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Language：Japanese  

It is easy for laser forming to control power and laserfoming does not use a tool, so there is not wear of a tool. There are a lot of advantage in laser forming. But laser forming is not practical because of working difficulty. In this paper, I explain temperature distribution of SUS304 wire after laser forming to use result of simulation. In addition, I show a result of experimental data of laser forming that I irradiate laser two difficult point of the surface of SUS304 wire. I found variation of bending angle because of distance of two irradiation points.

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Language：Japanese  

In traditional layered manufacturing, stair step effect occurs in two adjacent layers. In order to increase the surface precision, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the layer. As a result, the number of layers increases, and the total build time increas es. Therefore, in this research, a new layered manufacturing method using the wire electric discharge machine was proposed. And the tool path generation algorithm was developed for this proposed method.

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Language：Japanese  

With a progress of CAD/CAM system and CG software, design and processing of more complicated shape is enabled. Machine tools having more than five axes are used for processing of this complicated shape, and processing of high-flexibility shape it is impossible for three-axis machine tool is enabled. In this research, turning center is used for an example of multi-axis machine tool. For a way of high-efficiency processing, a new rough cutting process by using simplified polygon model is suggested, tool path calculation method of that new processing is developed, and result of efficiency improvement by this developed process is considered and rough machining with the tool path.

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In this research, new algorithm for evaluation of real contact area (RCA) from direct observed image under high load condition was proposed. At first, experimental equipment which was suitable for high load condition was developed. It was available for observation by both optical and ultrasonic method. Then the RCA was obtained from optically observed image by edge detection technique. After that the validity of the optical method was checked by comparing with another system based on analysis of ultrasonic reflection analysis under the same contact conditions. As a result, it has been found that the optical method and the ultrasonic method have similar tendency and close values in low load condition. From the experimental result, it was proved that proposed algorithm was effective and appropriate.

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：English  

Custom-made hip implants can offer the best available solution for patients with femoral anatomical deformity associated with arthritis when application of standard implant would not be appropriate. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are ideal for fabricating custom made objects with intricate external and internal geometry. In the present work, a design and digital fabrication methodology of patient-specific hip implants using AM based on patient CT images data have been introduced. The proposed methodology comprises the integration of medical imaging, CAD, anatomical reverse engineering, virtual reality (VR) and additive manufacturing. The methodology increases the potential of customizing implants to improve the geometrical matching of implant and surrounding bone.

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Currently CAD/CAM systems have become more and more common in automated manufacturing to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of machining process. However, currently the CAM programming is still a labor-intensive task. How to analyze the shapes of the products, and how to identify a specific machining operation are mainly relied on the experience the CAM programmer. Therefore, the feature extraction system, which analyses the shape of 3D-model instead of CAM users, was developed in this research. This research enables CAM user who is lack of machining knowledge to generate more effective machining path. Moreover, corresponding machining methods can be automatically carried out to each manufacturing feature by utilizing developed system together with the existing CAM system.

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Inspecting the machined-product shape demands accurate measurement of a large number of measurement points, such that the actual shape may be fully characterised. Basically, the measurement points are generated manually by the operator by inspecting the machined-product model. However, for high variety low mass production, the generation of the measurement points needs to be done automatically to increase the measuring efficiency. This paper aims to develop a method that can automatically generate the measurement points for any 3D shape, machined by 3 axis milling machine, without the need to inspect the machined-product model. The generation of the measurement points is based on finishing NC data. The proposed method involves the following main steps: extracting the CL points from the NC data, sorting the extracted points and finally estimating the machined-product surface coordinates from the extracted and sorted CL points via projection process. The estimated machined-product surface coordinates are used as measurement points. Consequently some illustrative examples show the possibility that the method can be applied to various 3D shapes, machined by 3-axis milling machine. © 2011 IEEE.

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Language：Japanese  

This research proposes a method of production scheduling using autonomous distributed system. A concrete message protocol is proposed to realize the production scheduling which includes not only Machine but also Human and AGV's schedule. Moreover this method realizes real time scheduling and parallel scheduling. Therefore, a new structure of production scheduling is proposed, which can realize to change a type of production scheduler to correspond with a type of production system.

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In manufacturing industry, CAM (Computer aided manufacturing) software is utilized to generate to tool paths for the CNC (Computer numerical controlled) machine tools. However, there are still many parameters requiring human decision. Especially in freeform surface machining field, the diversity and complexity of the surface make it challenging to achieve both the surface quality and machining efficiency. In the proposed method the freeform surfaces are subdivided into different groups of patches according to the surface normal vector value. The neighboring areas on the freeform surface that approximately have the same normal vectors are clustered into one group of patch and tool path is generated on each patch. This method is implemented on a freeform surface model. The result of the proposed method is compared with the traditional tool path generation method and evaluated by the machining time.

researchmap

In this research, a compact desktop machine tool with polar-coordinate is proposed. Based on its polar-coordinate configuration, two rotational axes and one linear axis, it provides a higher flexibility than the traditional 3-axis machine tools. By using a hotwire cutter as the cutting tools, it could rapidly machine a fine product from a CAD model. Furthermore, by changing the tools into a touch probe sensor, it could also precisely measure the shape of a 3D object. With the versatile CAD/CAM software, which was specially designed for this Polar-coordinate desktop machine tool (PDMT), this system could fulfill various tasks, such as measurement of 3D objects, reconstruction of 3D models, machining of 3D parts, and even duplication of 3D products.

researchmap

Language：Japanese  

In this research, an effective tool path generation method for 3D model's machining is investigated by using multi-axis robot system. Processing 3D models using this robot system is already done, and the way for processing 3D models and tool path generation using this system is established. However, because of many problems, for example interference on tool and work, complexity of the algorism for tool path generation, and so on, it is difficult to produce complex models, and processing is not inefficient. In this research, improvement for tool path generation algrithm is considered ,and efficient processing of complex form is suggested.

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Language：Japanese  

Recently CAD/CAM systems is familiarized, and products design including the free-form surface came into wide use. Now a lot of tool-path patterns are proposed for milling process of free-form surface. Therefore, it is necessary to select an appropriate tool-path pattern according to the form of surface. For such reason, the selection of appropriate tool-path based on the form of surface represented by NURBS is studied. In this research, three tool-path generating methods, iso-parametric method, iso-planar method and constant scallop height method, were taken for comparison. A free-form surface was machined with three methods, and then the machined surfaces were measured. The difference between Z coordinates of the measured point and that of the target surface was defined as the error margin in order to evaluate performance of tool-path pattern. The results showed that proper selection of milling method would get the good surface integrity.

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese  

Generally, it is inevitable problem that processing accuracy decreases after workpiece position is changed. And this workpiece attachment error affects the accuracy of final shape. Therefore, exact and careful operations to change the workpiece position is required of operators. The purpose of this research is to construct the system that improves the efficiency of the operations by combining laser displacement sensor to 3 axis NC machine tool. After workpiece position is changed, 3D shape data of the part that has already been processed is obtained by laser displacement sensor, and workpiece attachment error is detected by matching the data to target shape. Next, the coordinate of NC code is transformed to correct the attachment error and feed back to following processing. In this research the system was constructed and a 3D model was processed with the system. And workpiece attachment error was evaluated.

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Complex product is usually decomposed into various levels subassembly at assembly planning stage to achieve efficient production. Adjusting directly design structure tree of product in digital system is an important way for rapidly partitioning various levels subassembly. However, assembly reorganization, such as adjusting and modifying design structure tree, is very difficult in commerce CAD systems for their rigid limitation of assembly model. In this paper, the assembly information was firstly introduced. An assembly relationship representing model based on Assembly Relationship Element(ARE) was proposed, which associates flexibly assembly relationship information with hierarchical structure information. Organizing and storage mechanism of assembly information in assembly file were also presented. Based on analysis of reorganizing modes, dynamic management methods of assembly information in assembly files during reorganizing structure tree were proposed in details. Case study of universal transmission machine was finally given in digital assembly prototype system to verify the above research results.

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Due to the high functionality of polymer materials, they are widely used in various applications. In this research, firstly the ablation of PMMA using excimer laser was studied. Through simulation and actual experimentation, it is found that the cutting depth was proportional to irradiation pulse number. Therefore, when the laser frequency is fixed, by changing the feed rate of the work piece, the irradiation pulse number and the cutting depth can be controlled. Based on the control of work piece feed rate, the free-form surface machining method of PMMA using excimer laser was proposed.

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Language：Japanese  

Various advantages exist if it is possible to miniaturize machine tools to fit processing object. However, simply miniaturization of a machine tool ordinary decreases the rigidity of the machine tool, and it cause decreasing of the accuracy and performance. For a miniaturization of machine tools that keep their rigidity, we proposed a new structure of small milling machine that have a work space in the shell structure. Next, the difference from usual machine tools in design was considered. Moreover, a FEM analysis was executed for spherical shell models with proposed structure, and it was shown that making a proper thickness distribution is important to enhance rigidity.

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Language：Japanese  

工業製品の形状は多様化、複雑化し、自由曲面の利用が増えているが、自由曲面に関する情報はデータ量が膨大であり、実際の切削加工にそのまま利用することは難しい。そこで、本研究では、ポリゴンメッシュで三次元形状を表現した製品モデルを効率よく加工することを目標として、CG画像簡略化技術を応用し、加工工程を考慮した粗加工モデルを生成するアルゴリズムを提案し、その有用性について検討した。

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Most rapid prototyping (RP) and CNC processes adopt slicing or contouring techniques to generate 2D tool path from the 3D model on each layer. In this research, a new rough-cut path planning process, which directly generates 3D tool path from the input model, is proposed. The generated path plan is validated by a virtual sculpturing simulator, and applied on the 8-axis robot based surface sculpturing system for actual machining. The 8-axis sculpturing system is composed of a 6-axis robot and a 2-axis worktable. It carves block of polystyrene foam by hotwire. According to the geometric feature, the system automatically simplifies the input model into a user specified resolution and generates a series of rough-cut models, which are composed of large, flat faces. Then according to the tool path generated by the developed CAM software, the rough-cut model is sculptured face by face.

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Micromanipulation has been recognized to be very difficult due to the inefficiency of traditional micromanipulation methods. The paper presents a general framework for micromanipulation robot based on virtual reality technology. Based on this, we bring forward Two-Level Collision Detection System to handle the collision detection of the peg-in-hole microassembly successfully. The collision response model for the collision between micro needle and hole is presented. The virtual force and corresponding displacement can be calculated with the model of bending deformation and pressing deformation. Experiments verify the validity of collision response model.

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© 2003 IEEE. The paper presents the current situation of the virtual reality application in the micromanipulation area. The significance of introduction of virtual reality into micromanipulation robot is analyzed. The architecture of virtual reality based on micromanipulation and key technology are proposed. Some study is discussed on the settlement of the key technology and the future prospect and direction is presented.

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Language：English  

Freeform surface is widely used in CAD and other engineering applications to describe the surface of 3D objects. Generally multi-axis machine tools are used for the manufacturing of those products with complex shapes. In this research, the main aim is to analyze the characteristics of the freeform surface, and to extract the feature areas of the freeform surface. These feature information may be used in CAM programming, to generate more efficient tool paths, and to improve the efficiency for freeform surface machining. In mesh simplification researches, one of the main goals is to find out the feature elements, and to keep these features with the models is being simplified. In this paper, feature line segments detection and Gaussian curvature analysis of freeform surface are presented, and the discussions about the experimental results are addressed.

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In this paper, a surface sculpturing system based on 8-axis robot is proposed, the CAD/CAM software and tool path generation algorithm for this sculpturing system are presented. The 8-axis robot is composed of a 6-axis manipulator and a 2-axis worktable, it carves block of polystyrene foams by heated cutting tools. Multi-DOF robot benefits from the faster fashion than traditional RP (Rapid Prototyping) methods and more flexibility than CNC machining. With its flexibility driven from an 8-axis configuration, as well as efficient custom-developed software for rough cutting and finish cutting, this surface sculpturing system can carve sculptured surface accurately and efficiently.

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Recently, the problem of map building and simultaneous localization is a hot topic in mobile robotics field. In this paper, a feature map building approach based on shape similarity for the development of home robot is presented. In the map building process, the robot is continuously localized as the map is being built. The odometry error between each constitutive step is eliminated by comparing the shape similarity of the corresponding objects in scan obtained from the laser ranger finder against the global map, which was built in the previous step. This developed algorithm is capable of producing faithful global map of indoor environment, as well as handling uncertain information, such as moving objects and fuzzy-shaped objects. The experiment is carried out using home robot ApriAttenda™, developed by Toshiba Corporation, ©2006 IEEE.

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A self-localization technique for home robot is developed for in-door environment. This simple and robust self-localization approach based on Monte Carlo algorithm recovers the robot from catastrophic position tracking failure or kidnapped condition. Position of the robot at different location in the map are determined by using information obtained by laser range finder attached in front of the robot and marker distance measured by stereo vision camera. Copyright © held by author.

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Language：English  

Freeform surfaces are machined in many different methods. In this research, Z-level finishing machining tool path generation method is studied. The machining strategy by separating the freeform surface into horizontal area and vertical area by the maximum slope angle of the surface inclination create best possible surface finishing. Four different tool motion patterns: zigzag, offset, spiral, and morphing are compared in terms of machining time, rapid machining length, and feed machining time. Tool path generation pattern setting can machine the complex surface in an efficient way with good quality.

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