Language：English   Publisher：Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, INC  

Various machine learning models have been proposed to predict injuries to vehicle occupants from crash conditions, and optimized and evaluated for model accuracy using binary classification performance metrics. However, performance metrics for injury probability prediction have not been utilized to develop injury prediction models. Therefore, this paper developed injury probability prediction models using evaluation metrics to evaluate the probability prediction performance of injury prediction models and to verify the validity of injury probability predictions. The model constructed using a random forest performed better than the conventional injury prediction model constructed using logistic regression.

DOI： 10.20485/jsaeijae.15.2_66

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan  

Brain strain indices calculated using human finite element models have recently been used to evaluate the brain injury risk in automobile accidents. However, the calculation using a finite element model of a human body is computationally expensive and time-consuming, making it impossible to evaluate brain strain indices immediately after a crash test. Therefore, this paper develops a deep learning model to predict the brain strain waveform from the angular velocity waveform of the head that can be measured by a crash dummy. The results of a comparison between the brain strain waveform obtained by finite element analysis and the waveform predicted by the developed deep learning model showed that the CORA evaluation exceeded 0.9, indicating that the model predicted the waveform with a high degree of accuracy.

DOI： 10.11351/jsaeronbun.55.565

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan  

It is necessary to estimate the injury of occupants during car accidents to estimate the effect of injury reduction performance of autonomous driving systems. Although there are some estimation models of injury of occupants based on logistic regression, logistic regression has the problem of being unable to express nonlinear relationships between explanatory and objective variables. In this study, we used LightGBM, a decision tree model, and our own selected explanatory variables to construct an injury prediction model to predict the probability of VAIS3+ of vehicles. It showed a significant improvement in performance from URGENCY.

DOI： 10.11351/jsaeronbun.55.56

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1177/1754337120904260

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DOI： 10.1177/17543371211055905

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The increasing geriatric population across the world has necessitated the early detection of frailty through the analysis of daily-life behavioral patterns. This paper presents a system for ambient, automatic, and the continuous measurement and analysis of ascent and descent motions and long-term handrail-use behaviors of participants in their homes using an RGB-D camera. The system automatically stores information regarding the environment and three-dimensional skeletal coordinates of the participant only when they appear within the camera's angle of view. Daily stair ascent and descent motions were measured in two houses: one house with two participants in their 20s and two in their 50s, and another with two participants in their 70s. The recorded behaviors were analyzed in terms of the stair ascent/descent speed, handrail grasping points, and frequency determined using the decision tree algorithm. The participants in their 70s exhibited a decreased stair ascent/descent speed compared to other participants; those in their 50s and 70s exhibited increased handrail usage area and frequency. The outcomes of the study indicate the system's ability to accurately detect a decline in physical function through the continuous measurement of daily stair ascent and descent motions.

DOI： 10.3390/s23042236

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3389/fbioe.2022.854405

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DOI： 10.1080/15389588.2022.2124807

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Language：English   Publisher：Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, INC  

ABSTRACT: Collision-type prediction models based on pre-crash information are important because there is a relationship between collision type, avoidance operations, and occupant injuries. Thus, they can be applied to autonomous driving systems (ADS) or advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to prevent serious accidents or minimize damage during collisions. In this study, we investigated the application of collision-type prediction models based on several machine learning methods and compared their performance to determine the best model based on their f1 scores. The results revealed that the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) model had a high f1 score that exceeded 0.92, which implied that it could potentially be used for ADS and ADAS applications. Furthermore, a brief analysis was performed on the ranking of various factors, which provided useful insight into the significance of several pre-crash factors and their distributions.

DOI： 10.20485/jsaeijae.13.4_163

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s22031178

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DOI： 10.3389/fbioe.2021.684043

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Medical Association / The Japanese Associaiton of Medical Sciences  

Introduction: Pediatric emergency physicians commonly experience cases of infantile trauma as a result of a child falling from the arms or the back of a parent while the parent is operating a bicycle.

Methods: 1. We conducted a retrospective case-series study which included children younger than 1 year who were injured after falling from the arms or the back of the parent while the latter was operating a bicycle.

2. We conducted a dynamics experiment by recreating the circumstances of the accident using dummies representing a 6-month-old infant being carried on the back of the mother. We assessed the score of the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and the maximum impact load on the head of the dummy infant.

Results: 1. We found eight injured patients, two of whom required intensive care. One of the latter experienced neurological sequelae.

2. The HIC score and the maximum impact load varied from 7.7 to 17.0 and 2.26 to 3.47 times the reference values for 6-month-old infants, respectively.

Conclusions: Our study revealed that a strong impact on an infant's head can result in severe head trauma due to the mechanics of the injury type studied. Preventive strategies for the safe transportation of infants are needed.

DOI： 10.31662/jmaj.2020-0032

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2021210213

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11121-020-01145-z

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104359

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Language：English   Publisher：The Juntendo Medical Society  

Objectives: To examine the effects of (1) trunk constraint and (2) the entry angle on the cervical spine in response to a head-first impact.

Materials: The AM50 Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS ^®) v4.02, pedestrian finite element model, was subjected to head-first impacts.

Methods: The impact speed was 3.2 m/s. The following patterns were simulated: entry angle (0°, 15° to the sagittal plane) and trunk constraint (constraint, unconstraint).

Results: As a result of head-first impact, the upper cervical spine was extended and the lower cervical spine was markedly flexed when the trunk was constrained. The mean stress applied to the cervical spine was significantly increased when the trunk was constrained, as indicated by the Mann-Whitney U test.

Conclusions: In a head-first impact, the mean stress on the cervical spine increases significantly when the trunk is constrained. In order to reduce the risk of cervical spine injuries, it is desirable not to bind with teammates before a head-first impact.

DOI： 10.14789/jmj.2020.66.jmj20-oa04

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I031274427

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences  

The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of wind drag and the importance of reducing wind drag while traveling over flat ground or down a slope in the wheelchair marathon. Three wheelchair athletes were measured for F_D (wind drag) while moving themselves in a wheelchair in a wind tunnel, and S_D (drag area) was calculated from F_D. The athletes took 4 positions (Position 1: inclining the trunk and gripping the handlebar, Position 2: inclining the trunk and reaching the arm backward, Position 3: raising the trunk and gripping the top dead point of the hand rim, Position 4: inclining the trunk and the bottom dead point of the hand rim) for the measurement, and the relationships between posture and S_D were investigated. Calculated S_D was used for estimation of differences in the required power according to the changes in velocity and simulation of driving on a down slope. <br>
Position 1 had the smallest S_D (0.155 ± 0.010 m2) and Position 3 had the largest (0.320 ± 0.021 m2). As Position 3 also had largest sitting height and trunk incline angle, it was considered that the raised trunk posture was subject to wind drag because of the increased forward projection area. Using S_D and P_T (total power required to maintain a certain velocity), P_D (power required to overcome F_D when driving at a certain velocity) was estimated. It was clarified that when athletes drive at a velocity faster than the win time of the wheelchair marathon men’s T54 in the Paralympic Games, P_T was at least 145.2 W and P_D accounted for at least 60% of P_T. Thus, the simulation of driving on the down slope (gradient: 2.5% distance: 200 m and initial velocity: 8.27 m/s) revealed that Position 1 reached 9.00 m/s and Position 4 reached 8.15 m/s at the end of the slope. When Position 1 reached the end of the slope, Position 4 was located 11 m behind Position 1. Therefore, Position 1 is more advantageous than Position 4 in terms of both velocity and distance.

DOI： 10.5432/jjpehss.17132

DOI： 10.5432/ijshs.20005_references_DOI_NX33DUm5Qhsk7QcaZlffYJOoHjL

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I029797855

Language：Japanese   Publisher：東京 : 日本小児科学会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I029749703

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ASME International  

DOI： 10.1115/1.4045111

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/10255842.2019.1596262

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/15389588.2016.1227072

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DOI： 10.1299/jbse.15-00680

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DOI： 10.20485/jsaeijae.7.1_29

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：東京 : 日本臨床スポーツ医学会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I027644698

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Congress of Neurological Surgeons  

Shaken Baby Syndrome has been widely recognized as a form of abusive head trauma. On the other hand, short falls are the most common causes given by caregivers in the cases of suspected child abuse. In order for clinicians to distinguish between abusive and accidental head trauma, the difference of the brain injury mechanism between these two situations should be clarified.<br>  An anthropometric infant dummy with a novel realistically shaped physical model of an infant head was developed. The three dimensional physical model of an infant head including a transparent skull, deformable brain, cerebrospinal fluid, falx, and tentorium model was reconstructed from the medical images for an infant head, which makes the intracranial brain motion visible. Intracranial brain motions during violent shaking by adult male or low height fall onto a wood floor (h=40, 80, 120 cm) were captured with high speed cameras. From the captured images, relative displacements between skull and cerebrum were measured. Threshold for bridging vein rupture based on the relative displacement of the physical models was defined from a reconstruction of cadaver experiments published by Depreitere et al.<br>  From the experimental results in violent shaking cases, the most important mechanism of the brain injuries was the significant change of rotational direction of the head after hyper-flexion or extension, which causes reverse rotational motion between the skull and cerebrum. In the low height fall scenario, the head impact on the surface does not directly cause a relative rotational motion between the skull and cerebrum, but neck flexion after head rebounding causes this. Therefore, the impact angle of the head strongly results in brain injury risk in these events, rather than the fall height.<br>  The relative displacements in violent shaking cases, which exceeded the threshold value for bridging vein rupture in most cases, were showed larger than the values in low height fall scenario. Finally, our paper clearly shows the higher subdural hematoma risk in violent shaking events.

DOI： 10.7887/jcns.24.468

DOI： 10.2199/jjsca.42.323_references_DOI_U4tNxJrRNrMbjrwtp1U5C7hiFkt

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東京 : 日本材料試験技術協会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I024268271

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.aap.2013.06.015

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.20965/jrm.2012.p0838

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaia.78.758

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaia.78.106

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11351/jsaeronbun.42.349

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11351/jsaeronbun.42.73

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan  

The purpoes of this study is to evaluate the protective capability of the children's helmet to various head shapes by using finite element models of the children's helmet and one to three years old children's representative head shapes. Head finite element models of various shapes in each age were constructed based on the distribution of head width, head length and head height in Japanese children from one to three years old. A helmet finite element model was constructed based on the shape data of existing a children's helmet. The finite element analysis simulating a fall from a bicycle was conducted by using these models. The results showed that the protective capability of a helmet was improved by matching the size to be able to wear the helmet deeply to avoid a force concentration at the contact area of the head.

DOI： 10.11351/jsaeronbun.42.1041

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I11266263

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.24517/00008991

DOI： 10.1299/kikaia.76.233

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/10599037

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaia.76.44

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaia.76.1816

DOI： 10.24517/00008586

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/10955387

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.76.2621

DOI： 10.24517/00008217

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/10884247

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2008.21.465

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：東京 : 日本機械学会 ; 1979-2010  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I9526975

Publisher：World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt  

<jats:p> The dynamic stress-strain characteristics of magnesium alloys have not been clarified sufficiently. Thus, the study investigated both the compressive and tensile dynamic stress-strain characteristics of representative magnesium alloys: AZ61A-F, ZK60A-T5 and AZ31B-F at wide strain rate and temperature ranges. About the strain rate dependency, the dynamic stresses are higher than the static ones under both compressive and tensile loads at elevated temperatures; however the dynamic stress-strain relations change slightly in the dynamic strain rate range. Thus, the magnesium alloys has little strain rate dependence. However, the elongation of the dynamic stress-strain relations under tensile load tends to be larger than that of static one. About the temperature dependency, the yield and flow stresses of the investigated magnesium alloys under compressive load decrease abruptly at temperatures higher than about 600 K in the wide strain rate range. Meanwhile, the ones under tensile load decrease with the temperature more gently. Totally, the magnesium alloys exhibit low temperature dependence. Furthermore, as well known, the yield stresses caused under the tensile load exhibit about twice as high as those under compressive load. This study verified that such a characteristic can be observed over a wide strain rate and temperature ranges. </jats:p>

DOI： 10.1142/s0217979208046438

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1142/s0217979208047316

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Robotics Society of Japan  

In order to clarify and understand hazards lurking in playground equipment, visualization of the hazard is effective way. Therefore, we developed a method to construct hazard maps of playground equipment, calculated from simulations, by using computer models of children falling on a playground slide. This method makes it possible to understand the hazards of playground equipment easily. Full-body multi-body models of children, based on Japanese data, were constructed. The hazard map of a playground slide was constructed to provide an example of possible hazard maps of playground equipment. Simulations of children falling on the playground slide were carried out by using both the multi-body models for children and the playground slide models, which were constructed from CAD data of an actual slide. The calculated head injury hazard values were mapped on the playground slide model so as to easily identify hazards. As the results, the maps made it possible to understand easily that the hazard varies greatly due to initial falling position on the spiral staircase and also children ages.

DOI： 10.7210/jrsj.26.561

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2297/28578

Publisher：Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.  

<jats:p>This paper presents a stochastic method to approximate the thermal deformation of a machine tool, by using the temperature changes of the body. The method examines the relationship between the thermal deformations and temperature changes of plural positions on a machine tool, and determines the appropriate temperature measuring points. In addition, the approximate equation of the thermal deformation is drawn by t-test, which uses those influential temperature changes as parameters. This study shows that the approximation equation of the thermal deformations can be expressed in a simple form with few parameters, and remarkably improve cutting processing.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.181

DOI： 10.4028/0-87849-440-5.181

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：東京 : 日本機械学会 ; 1979-2010  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I8758021

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In order to investigate the effects of individual body shape differences on brain injury occurring in traffic accidents, we created hybrid-models for representative body or head shape in Japanese male, which consists of multi-body model for full-body and head FE model. Traffic accident simulation were carried out by using the multi-body model of the full-body and the rigid body motion of the head obtained in the simulations were applied to the head FE models. Simulation results showed that individual differences in full-body affects the occupant dynamics, compared to other factors such as seat position. And also, individual differences in head shape influence stress distribution in the intracranial space greatly.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmedmc.2007._155-1_

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J-GLOBAL

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAE International  

DOI： 10.4271/2005-01-2738

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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J-GLOBAL

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Heading in soccer is mentioned about its chronic injury risk over the world. HIC (Head Injury Criterion) is used to assess the risk of head impact in many fields. In this study, linear acceleration of head was measured by optical motion capture system (VICON) and Impact Monitor Mouthguard. Furthermore, to compare the measurement the linear head acceleration with two methods, and discuss the motion decrease the head impact were aim of this study. HIC and angular velocity of neck swing and head rotation were calculated. HIC was small enough to judge that the risk of a single impact was small. Results of impact monitor mouthguard was better match with correlation coefficient in ball velocity after the impact than results of motion capture. Neck angular velocity of front swing influences HIC than ball velocity according to their correlation coefficient. Therefore, neck front swing is not reasonable to increase the ball velocity.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2023.a-6-4

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東京 : 映像情報メディア学会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I032039443

Language：Japanese   Publisher：[東京] : 日本子ども安全学会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I031338515

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The aims of this study were to conduct finite element analysis to analyze fifth metatarsal strain distribution during soccer movements and to examine the influence of plantar pressure distribution pattern on fifth metatarsal strain concentration at the fracture site. Five subjects performed side-step cutting or cross-step cutting maneuvers. Three-dimensional foot kinematics, ground reaction force, and plantar pressure distribution were measured by using a motion capture system, force plates, and a plantar pressure sensor system, respectively. In addition, a finite element model of a foot, consisting of bony structures, ligaments, and skin, was constructed from Computed Tomography images. As the results of the simulations, in side-step cutting maneuver, maximum principal strain in the fifth metatarsal bone was concentrated from the lateral side at the fracture site. In the case of cross-step cutting maneuverer, maximum principal strain was concentrated from the plantar side at the fracture site. The strain decreased when the plantar pressure at the proximal end of the fifth metatarsal was reduced. In order to prevent fifth metatarsal fracture, a shoe design that can achieve a plantar pressure distribution that reduces strain concentration in the fifth metatarsal is required.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2020.a-8-2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) occur in high-speed projectile sports due to collisions of the ball with the batter’s helmet. The purpose of this study was to examine a relationship between brain strain metrics and baseball ball impact locations. Baseball impacts simulations were carried out by using a finite element model of the head, baseball ball and helmet. From the results of the impact simulations, As the results, conventional brain strain metrics such as MPS and CSDM0.10 could not be evaluated for concussion risk during baseball impacts. On the other hand, since the cavitation pressure was reached in the baseball impact simulations, a new brain pressure metrics, Cumulative Pressure Damage Measure (CPDM) was newly defined. The results indicated that the CPDM was varied by the impact locations, indicating that this CPDM could be a new metrics of concussion risk in baseball impacts.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2020.j02203

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this study was to examine a mechanism of brain damage during baseball impact based on results of baseball impact experiments using a novel dummy head, and simulations using the finite element head model. In the experiment, a baseball helmet was attached to a novel dummy head, simulating human head structures including skin, skull, falx, tentorium, cerebrospinal fluid and brain parts, and a baseball was hit to the helmeted dummy head at a speed of 80MPH. In addition, a finite element head model with the structure similar to the dummy head was constructed, and baseball collision simulation was carried out. Experimental results showed that linear acceleration responses in the brain was greater than the acceleration measured in the skull. Therefore, the finite element models were used to examine and simulate the stress wave propagation in the intracranial space. As the simulation results, pressure wave propagated in the intracranial space, resulting in alternating positive and negative pressures at the skull-brain interface. This phenomenon was different from the brain deformation in other impact conditions such as football or traffic accident cases. Therefore, a new design philosophy of a helmet which prevents the stress wave propagation in the intracranial space would be required to mitigate brain injury due to baseball impact.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2019.c-20

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2019.32.2d12

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2019.j23203

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

To assess and improve performance of a wheel chair athlete, it is necessary to provide information on biomechanical characteristics such as three-dimensional motion, push-rim force and joint torques. We constructed a system that evaluates the stroke motion of the athlete based on joint torques, calculated from push-rim forces by a sensor wheel and threedimensional upper extremity motion reconstructed from one RGB camera. In order to reconstruct the three dimensional upper extremity motion from one RGB camera. The three-dimensional motion of an athlete was reconstructed based on a method matching markers positions on three-dimensional link system of upper extremity to those on a two dimensional video images. In order to verify the constructed system, three-dimensional motion reconstructed by the proposed method were compared with those measured by an optical motion capture system. As a result, the proposed system made it possible to evaluate the joint torques in the sagittal plane of the athlete.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.s2310102

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2018.30.1d04

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2017.29.2e12

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2017.29.2e33

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2017.29.1e33

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Fifth metatarsal stress fracture occurs frequently in soccer. Many researches about occurring the injury have been conducted, however, they mainly focus on structure of feet or plantar pressure under fifth metatarsal bone. Therefore, the value and occurring mechanism of stress on the bone has not been clear. In this study, we conducted finite element analysis of movements in soccer using a foot finite element model and clarified stress at fracture position. Then, some mechanical parameters which have correlation with stress were found. Firstly, we conducted subjects experiments of 8 movements which occur frequently in soccer to define boundary conditions for finite element simulations. Foot motion, reaction force and plantar pressure distribution of 2 Subjects were measured in the experiments. After that, finite element analyses were conducted in cases of 3 movements, which are inside step, acceleration, cross step, by inputting measured data as boundary conditions for the foot finite element model. As a result of simulations, max principal stress at fracture area showed higher in acceleration case. However, considering duration time, the inside step case showed the highest value in 3 movements. In addition, it was found that each movement had different physical parameters which showed high correlation with stress at the fracture area; forefoot internal rotation, plantar pressure under fifth metatarsal bone or thenar.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2017.d-15

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Injury occurs due to disruption of the interaction between human, products and environments, whose interactions are latent in vast living environments. Furthermore, from the temporal structure of the injury, injury occurs as a consequence of human behavior, protective reaction, body motion, tissue deformation and cell damage. In order to understand the spatiotemporal structure of injuries, we have conducted integrated injury biomechanics researches regarding human behavior, protective reaction, tissue deformation and cell damage.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemm.2017.os0431

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Fall accident occurs in daily life. But especially in elderly, it leads to serious injury. Therefore the prevention of fall injury is necessary. Previous studies analyzed fall injuries using human body model and finite element analysis, but these studies are related to after-fall phases. Other study evaluated each person's protective motion that is occur during the fall. However, elderly's fall occur because of the decline of the protective motion skill due to the decline of motor function. Therefore to improve each person's motor function, evaluation of protective motion skill is necessary. In this study, we adopt Ukemi (the technique used in Judo) as protective motion and evaluating the skill of Ukemi by comparing Judo expert and beginner. The experiment to measure the Ukemi motion was conducted using motion capture system. The subject were 10 Judo experts and 10 beginners. The motion capture data was inputted to Opensim, a musculoskeletal model, and then converted to joint angle data. To compare the motion, the start and end time of Ukemi is extracted using change point detection method. And then feature of motion is extracted using principal component analysis. As a result, we found that expert's motion is shorter than beginner. Also we found the difference of Ukemi motion between expert and beginner. Further study is needed to evaluate each person's skill more precisely and construct the method to improve protective motion skill.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2017.d-17

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2017.29.2e15

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東京 : 日本子ども虐待防止学会 ; 1999-  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I027860810

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a type of head injury which occurs frequently in the traffic accidents. Although ASDH can be caused by the rupture of the bridging vein induced by the rotational head motion, the detail mechanism has not been clear yet. Therefore, to clarify the mechanism, various studies were conducted by using the simulation and the physical models. In the previous study we carried out, the physical model with the intracranial structure was developed as a novel anthropometric test dummy (ATD) head, however, there is still a challenge in the measurement method of the intracranial brain motion which uses multiple high speed cameras. For the practical application of the new ATD head, it is required to improve the measurement method. In this study, direct evaluation method of the intracranial brain motion without high-speed cameras was developed. A 6DOF motion sensor was implanted in the brain model and the intracranial brain motion were calculated by using Rodrigues' rotation formula. For the validation of this method, the occipital impact experiment was carried out and followed by the sled test for the evaluation under the traffic accident condition. The results showed that the risk of ASDH can be evaluated by relative motion between the skull and brain of the ATD head calculated by using the developed method.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.j0290101

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Diffuse brain injury is classified by coma time clinically. If coma time is less than 6 hour, it is called concussion, and if coma time is 6 hour or more, it is called Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI), but the difference of occurrence mechanism of these two injury in neural scale has not been understood yet. Therefore, it is needed to clarify relationship between deformation of brain parenchyma and tolerance of brain function. Although electrophysiological change of axonal function is important, various studies have been conducted based on morphological change of axon. The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between strain distribution and action potential when strain is loaded to corpus callosum of rat brain slice. Firstly, we measured action potential transmitting across corpus callosum when static strain or dynamic strain is loaded. Then we constructed finite element model of rat brain slice to reconstruct strain distribution of the experiment. As a result, we found that action potential is decreased significantly when static strain 0.1 to 0.2 is loaded. And decrease of potential is also observed when dynamic strain was loaded.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.j0290103

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmehs.2016.53._901-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

More than 30% of total car accidents involved rear-end collisions, and minor neck injuries account for 90% of these injuries. Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) is one kind of minor neck injury. WAD causes giddiness and shoulder stiffness, and symptoms tend to become chronic and lasting, however the mechanism is unknown. The previous study indicated that the whole spine alignment affects mechanism of WAD. Therefore, it is important to obtain accurate whole spine alignment for WAD study. However, because of the difficulty of capturing the whole spine alignment, alignment patterns of occupant are unknown. The objective of this study is to analyze and categorize the spinal alignment patterns of the occupant and estimate the representative spine alignment of each pattern by using the upright open MRI data. The whole spine alignment MRI data of 15 volunteers were analyzed using Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method, and classified with the spine alignment patterns. The representative alignments on the 50% probability ellipsoid on the distribution map were reconstructed by using shape composition method.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2016.28._2c24-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

For comprehensive quantitative estimation of falling injury risks, it is important to divide the injured time into fall trigger, protective reaction, and passive deformation of body tissue. However, the mechanism of fall trigger has not been clear. Therefore, we constructed fall trigger detection method based on analysis of some falls of infants captured in living environments. In analysis, we acquired fall motion data by using a motion capture system, and evaluated fall trigger using Center Of Pressure on BOS coordinates and foot angle (Roll, Pitch, and Yaw). As specific changes of time courses of the parameters were observed near the fall start time, these parameters can be related to fall trigger. In addition, we detected the fall trigger using the change point detection in falls by the sliding. As a result, we detected fall trigger all three falls by the sliding. The method is useful for the detection of the fall trigger in the fall by the sliding.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.j0290106

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The disabled sports get a great deal of attention. In fact, almost 40 million people watched the London Paralympic games on TV. Among them, the wheelchair racing has been popular after the first international wheelchair sporting competition for the disabled in 1952 and Japan got a lot of medals in the wheelchair racing. Due to advanced wheelchair quality and technology of analyzing kinematics, the results of record have improved. Previous studies considered the force on a hand rim and the characteristics of strokes. However these studies were confined to consider the driving force and the motion individually. One of the reason is that no measurement instrument of the driving force for a racing wheelchair was developed. Then this study developed the sensor wheel for a racing wheelchair to measure the two-force components on a hand rim plane. The experiment to measure the driving force and the motion at the same time was conducted at wind tunnel facility of JISS (Japan Institute of sports sciences) with the sensor wheel, 7 motion capture cameras and a roller system. The subjects were 3 proficient athletes, two of them have played as Japanese national members. They were asked to play the cruising and acceleration phase. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that the driving force could be measured with the sensor wheel and we could discovery the differences of strokes. Further study is needed in order to analyze the characteristic of strokes and indicate the relationship of each parameter in detail.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2016.a-17

DOI： 10.3951/biomechanisms.26.79_references_DOI_AUjWMdo4iaKYGFQe9iBN1GSJMer

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Human falls represents daily behavior. Especially in children and elderly, falling accidents lead to fatal injuries. Therefore to clarify the mechanism of the human fall and develop the method to prevent the accidents are necessary. In earlier studies, many researchers have estimated fall-related injuries, such as bone fractures, using human finite element models. However, to evaluate fall behavior adequately, pre-injury phase such as avoidance or protective behaviors should be implemented because impact forces are related to those behaviors. So in this study infants' protective reactions were focused on. 16 infants' natural fall behaviors measured in a lab where imitated a living environment were captured and the joint angle data were analyzed to extract special feature in fall behavior and the quantitatively extract the time when the protective reaction starts. The special features of fall behavior such as parachute reflex were extracted by the analysis of principal component method. And in the 12 out of 16 cases the start time of protective reactions were extracted by the singular spectrum conversion based methods. Then the time durations of protective reaction and skill of protective reaction were defined based on the principal component analysis. These methods lead the proposition of evaluation method of adequacy of protective reaction in each fall behaviors.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2015.27.471

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Soceiety for Safety Engineering  

DOI： 10.18943/safety.54.4_245

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I026683158

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DAI (Diffuse Axonal Injury) is known for severe brain injury and having high occurrence rate in traffic accidents. DAI caused by deep brain distortion arisen from head rotational motion, however the detail mechanism is not clear. Therefore sufficient safety measure for DAI is not taken even now. In previous studies, consider DAI occurrence mechanism by using physical model or simulation model. However, these studies were confined to consider injury mechanism under limited external force condition. Therefore consideration to injury mechanism under external force condition assumed traffic accidents is necessary for more elucidation of injury mechanism. Then, this study analyzed head motion and deep brain distortion of occupant in traffic accident by simulation using human and vehicle finite element model and disccuss DAI occurrence mechanism. Simulation on five kinds of collision forms carried out, whose forms are FRB (Full-lap Rigid Barrier) frontal collision, ODB (Offset Deformable Barrier) frontal collision, SORB (Small Overlap) frontal collision, MDB (Moving Deformable Barrier) side collision and POLE side collision. Also the head of human finite model was improved to occur a relative motion between brain and skull. As a result, high strain at corpus callosum and brainstem which is focus of DAI, were due to head convolution and lateroflexion respectively. Then, results of this study showed that SORB frontal collision, MDB side collision and POLE side collision cause such head motion.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._s0230102-

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2015.27.455

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In the modern society, many people feel loneliness and uneasiness, dissatisfaction memtally. These accumulations may produce serious social problems such as the suicide. "Iyashi" that is stimulation to restore a state of mind is effective to improve these problems. In this study, I focused on tactile stimulation and measured the brain activity of the "Iyashi" state using fMRI and alanyzed it. In fMRI experiments, "Iyashi" state was reproduced by tactile stimulations and storythinking. The areas activated in "Iyashi" state by tactile stimulation were anterior cingulate cortex and middle frontal gyrus. Anterior cingulate cortex was also activated by storythinking. It was shown that these areas was deeply related to "Iyashi". In addition, I inspected whether could distinguish "Iyasi" state by a brain activation pattern. In the case of only tactile stimulation data, it was succeeded to distinguish significantly. In the case of different input stimulation data, it was not succeeded. It was suggested that processes of "Iyashi" were different.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2015._j2330101-

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

A fracture of fifth metatarsal bone caused by playing soccer has been widely reported. However, the fracture mechanism of metatarsal bone has not been sufficiently clarified yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate influences of moves in playing soccer on the fifth metatarsal bone behavior by using motion capture and foot pressure measurement system. The experimental results showed that foot pressure under the fifth metatarsus bone of the pivot foot in a cross step motion and a cross kicking motion were heigher than that in inside step motion. Foot width got narrowed in the cross step moiton and kicking motion at proximal end fifth metatarsus bone. On the other hand, foot width got widend at the distal end. It is expected that identification of the mechanical behaviors in cross step motion and the kicking motion on to the bone stress distribution provides useful information to clarify the metatarsal bone fracture mechanism.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2015._c-10-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Falls are a major reason for elderly people to require nursing care. Prevention of falls requires evaluation of standing balance ability of human. Thus various measurements were performed and the relation between the results and occurrence of falls was considered. Although these measurements were mainly done under stable upright posture, the measurements of balance ability should be done under near falling. However, from a viewpoint of safety of subjects, the occurrences of falls which may inflict damage on them must be avoided during the measurements. This study, thus, develops a device that can measure standing balance of subjects until falls. The device consists of a three degree of freedom (3DOF) wire driven parallel mechanism, the output link of which is attached to a subject. The device can control 3DOF rotational motion of the output link by wires. Each wire has strain-gages to detect the forces applied to the output link and judge the falling moment. Furthermore, a force-plate is set on the base to measure the center of pressure (COP) of a subject. The device can guide subjects in specified direction at the measurement and support them safely at falling. We measured the COP at the fall moment and the body sways on tilting posture by the proposed device. As a result, it is found that the differences between subjects become clearer as their postures tilt closer to fall moment.

DOI： 10.1299/transjsme.14-00133

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東京 : 日本設計工学会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I025339190

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2014.26.455

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Diffused Axonal Injury is a type of head injury which occurs frequently in traffic accidents. It is said that it is caused by rotational head movement, and elucidation of the mechanism is necessary. There are three factors affecting the occurrence of DAI based on the intracranial structure; A complicated brain and skull structure, relative motion of the brain and skull with cerebrospinal fluid present?, and the restraint of the brain motion due to cerebral flax and tentorium cerebelli. Although various studies are done based on these three factors, it is difficult to reproduce in solid-model and simulation model, and while the influence of three factors in computational dynamics has been unknown, the simplification of the model is performed in the simulation. In this study, constructed the head neck solid-models which the intracranial structure factors differ, and considered the influence of an intracranial structure factors. The experiment which imitated the collision from the side was conducted on three sorts of the head neck solid-models, and brain depths distortion was measured. It turned out that the experimental result of three sorts of head neck substance models is compared, and it has influence with relative motion important for brain depths distortion between a brain slot and a brain-skull.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2014._j0250102-

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

For comprehensive quantitative estimation of injury risks, it is important to divide the injured time into evasive action, protective reaction, and passive deformation. However, the protective reaction of kinematic and kinetic properties has not been clear. Therefore, in order to clarify the mechanism of protective reaction, we analyzed some falls captured in living environments. In kinematic analysis, we obtained the joint angle data of the actual falling behavior of infants, and investigated the feature of falling motion using principal component analysis. As a result, the shoulder and knee extension movement was represented in first and second principal component. Then, we investigate the time of protective reaction with the cluster analysis. In kinetic analysis, we identified the joint torque with the fall simulation to reproduce the behavior of protective reaction. As results of some falls analyzed, the protective reaction can be consisted of the motion mixing primitive reflexes.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東京 : 診断と治療社  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I031473831

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper examines the mechanism of infantile acute subdural hematoma occurred in household minor trauma such as falling from standing position. Infantile head finite element model we developed were able to accurately represent intracranial brain motion in backward falling scenario. The results showed that both skull forward rotation generated after rebounds from a floor and to keep stopping of the brain within intracranial space are the key mechanism of acute subdural hematoma in backward falling. Furthermore, benign enlargement of subarachnoid space causes the of acute subdural hematoma risk.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._j022012-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2013.25.475

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Falls in elderly people are a major reason to require primary nursing care. The prevention of falls requires the evaluation of standing balance ability of human. Thus various measurements were performed and the relation between the results and occurrence of falls were considered. Although these measurements were mainly done under stable upright posture, the measurements of balance ability should be done under near falling. However from a viewpoint of safety of subjects, the occurrences of falls which may damage them must be avoided. This study, thus, develops a device that can measure the standing balance of subjects until falls. The device consists of a three degree of freedom (3DOF) wire driven parallel mechanism, the output link of which is attached to a subject. The device can control 3DOF rotational motion of the output link by the wires. Each wire has strain-gages to detect the forces applied to a subject and judge the falling moment. Furthermore, a force-plate is set on the base to measure the center of pressure (COP) of a subject. The device can guide the subject in specified direction at the measurements and support him safely at falling. We measured the COP at the fall moment and the postural sway on tilting posture by the device. As a result, the limitations of maintaining the balance in elderly subjects were smaller than young subjects. The total liner length and outer area of COP trajectory were lager under tilting posture than under stable upright posture.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._j151015-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmehs.2013.50.021401

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2013.25.479

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2013.25.467

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemag.116.1137_595

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2013.25.473

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：京都大学霊長類研究所  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2012.24._7a43-1_

DOI： 10.1299/transjsme.2014bms0177_references_DOI_Hqw9UHBShroSXEh00CjQ4Nro75t

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2012.24._7a35-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Infant's fall accidents are occurring frequently. For comprehensive quantitative estimation of injury risks, it is important to divide the injured time into evasive action, protective reaction, and passive deformation. However, the protective reaction of kinematic and kinetic properties has not been clear. Therefore, in order to solve the mechanism of protective reaction, we construct a biomechanical analysis method of protective reaction. First, we obtained the joint angle data of the actual falling behavior of infants, and investigated the time of protective reaction with the cluster analysis. In kinematic analysis, we investigated the feature of falling motion using principal component analysis. As a result, the shoulder and knee extension movement was represented in second principal component. In kinetic analysis, we identified the joint torque with the fall simulation to reproduce the behavior of protective reaction. As a result, the protective reaction consisted of extension or flexion of limbs and restraint of the body trunk.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._j023011-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Leading cause of death for children from 1 to 14 years in Japan has not changed for 30 years,which is 'accidental death'.Besides,intentional injuries due to child abuse have been drastically increasing within 10 years.We aims to systematically correct both children's intentional and unintentional injury data at hospitals and utilize those to identify the cause and study how to cope with the injuries,in order to prevent the recurrence.This lecture focuses on to describe a part of the project,which is how to create general safety knowledge from injury cases by analyzing and identifying the cause of accidents.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._c021002-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmekansai.2012.87._11-20_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Falls are a leading reason for elderly people to require nursing care The prevention of falls requires the evaluation of standing balance ability of human Thus various measurements were performed and the relation between the results and the occurrence of falls were considered Although these measurements were mainly done under stable upright posture, the measurements of balance ability should be done under near falling However from a viewpoint of safety of subjects, the occurrences of falls which may inflict damage on them must be avoided This study, thus, develops a device that can measure standing balance of subjects until falls The device consists of a three degree of freedom (3DOF) wire driven parallel mechanism, the output link of which is attached to a subject The device can control 3DOF rotational motion of the output link by wires Each wire has strain-gages to detect the forces applied to a subject and judge the falling moment Furthermore, a force-plate is set on the base to measure the center of pressure (COP) of a subject The device can guide subjects in specified direction at the measurements and support them safely at falling We measured the COP at the fall moment and the body sways on tilting posture by the proposed device As a result, it is found that the differences between subjects become clearer as their postures tilt closer to fall moment

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._j165045-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東京 : 三井住友海上福祉財団  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I025736871

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemag.115.1125_603_3

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Mechanism of an infantile subdual hematoma has been controversial. It is not known whether the injury occurs in physical abuse or accident, or both. This is because it cannot observe the relative motion between skull and brain in the infant dummy with conventional rigid head though it is thought briding vein stretch by the relative motion between skull and brain is most likely to poroduce acute subdual hematomas.To identify the influence of height and first imact body region on intracranial brain motion, we developed a dummy which visualizes the relative motion between skull and brain, and conducted experiments dropping the dummy onto wooden surface. As the results, HIC significantly increased (P<0.001) with increase of fall height, but peak briding vein steretch ratio was not depenent on fall height (P=0.76). HIC (P<0.05) and peak briding vein steretch ratio (P<0.001) were significantly affected by first impact body region.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._j021012-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper describes a construction of a finite element model of a human finger for the use of estimation of laceration in jamming/crushing in living life. To accurately implement both the shapes of internal structures of an finger and the deformation characteristics, the shape of the model and deformation characteristics of the skin layer were obtained from an same specific individual. Moreover, hyperelastic characteristic of the skin layers were modeled with Ogden material model to accurately calculate the shear strain in large deformation. As the results of the application to simulations in case of jamming occurring in living life, the hyperelastic skin layer model was effective for the situations occurring large deformation of a skin layers.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.24517/00008788

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2010.23.127

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Mechanism of an infantile subdural hematoma has been controversial. It is not known whether the injury occurs in physical abuse or accident, or both. To identify the influence of surface characteristic on intracranial brain motion in backward fall, we developed a dummy which could visualize the relative motion between skull and brain, and conducted falling experiment by changing surfaces. As the results of the experiments, intracranial brain motion was not affected by the differences of the surface characteristics.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._j021031-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Many biomechanical studies involving infant anthropometric dummies with a monolithic head part have been performed to clarify the mechanism underlying brain injury during shaking. However, using these dummies, it is not possible to visualize the relative rotational motion between the skull and brain that would directly rupture bridging veins during shaking. Therefore, we constructed an infant anthropometric dummy that had a realistically shaped physical model of an infant head to help visualize the relative motion between the skull and brain. As the results, significant rotational motions were observed between the skull and brain on violent shaking. The results showed the bridging vein stretch ratio exceeded the threshold for the rupture and indicated that change in rotational direction during shaking plays a more important role in ASDH than does the instantaneous peak angular acceleration.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmedmc.2011._610-1_

DOI： 10.1299/transjsme.2014bms0177_references_DOI_ABty2bDd3MkcZB2zNrbZF9GIb6i

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the brain shape factor on the strain distribution in deep brain by comparing the distribution of the three differently-shaped head physical models in rotational impact. One of the brain model used in this study was shaped actual human brain including the cerebral sulci, gyri and ventricles. Another was no-ventricle brain model with sulci. The other was simple-shaped brain model removed theose structures. All models were induced to rotational acceleration by impactor collision causing 4500 rad/s^2 peak angular acceleration with 8 ms pulse duration. After rotating 60 degree, all models were decelerated with 1500 rad/s^2 peak, 30 ms duration. As the results of the experiments, the maximum principal strain at brainstem in no-ventricle model was larger than the actual model. And the strain in simple model was small compared with the others. Therefore the cerebral ventricles had a strain-relieving effect on deep brain. On the other hand, the sulci had a strain-increasing effect on deep brain.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._j021022-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：京都 : ヒューマンインタフェース学会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I11086849

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmehs.2011.48.159

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper describes the development of the fall database for a biomechanical simulation. First, data of children's daily activities were collected at a sensor home, which is a mock daily living space. The sensor home comprises a video-surveillance system embedded into a daily-living environment and a wearable acceleration-gyro sensor. Then, falls were detected from sensor data using a fall detection algorithm developed by authors, and videos of detected falls were extracted from long-time recorded video. The extracted videos were used for fall motion analysis. A new CV algorithm was developed to automate fall motion analysis. Using the developed CV algorithm, fall motion data were accumulated into a database. The developed database allows a user to perform conditional searches of fall data by inputting search conditions, such as a child's attributes and fall situation. Finally, a biomechanical simulation of falls was conducted with initial conditions set using the database.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2011.255

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Publisher：朝倉書店  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2011._w231005-1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2010.23.235

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this peper, the system estimating biomechanical characteristics in the system for supporting forensic authentification vased on individual biomechanical characterstics is reported. The system estimating biomechanical characteristics integrated measuring 3D shap, a system for inspecting biomechanical characteristics and element simulation and the example using this system is reported

DOI： 10.1299/jsmermd.2011._2p2-k11_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Medical care providers, social services, and legal systems are needed to make critical decisions regarding child abuse however the diagnosis is difficult because the differential diagnosrelys on individualized experiences, and empirical data. Especially, although, subdural hematoma is one of the commonest features of the abused children, the mechanism is unknown. We constructed an infant anthropometric dummy that had a realistically shaped physical model of an infant head to help visualize and clarify the mechanism of acute subudural hematoma during shaking or falling accident. Intracranial brain motion during shaking was more significant than the case in falling because significant reverse rotational motion between the skull and brain occured during shaking. Therefore, the risk of acute subudural hematoma in shaking was significantly higher than the falling situation.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2011.225

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective capability of the children's helmet to various head shapes by using the FE model of the children's helmet and 1-3-years old child's representative head shapes. Head FE models of various shapes in each age were constructed based on the distribution of head width, head length and head height in Japanese children from one to three years old. Helmet FE model was constructed based on the shape data of existing children's helmet. The analysis simulating a fall from a bicycle was done by using these models. The analytical results showed that the protective capability of a helmet was affected by matching the size to be able to wear the helmet deeply to avoid a force concentration at the contact area of the head.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：東京 : 日本設計工学会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I10878886

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Architectural Institute of Japan  

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Language：English  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I10567715

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemag.113.1101_631_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Injury prevention is one of the most important and urgent issues in children's health since the primary cause of death of children is unintentional injury. Passive approach, namely injury prevention approach by product modification is strongly needed. The risk assessment is one of the most fundamental methods to design safety products. However, the conventional risk assessment has not been able to deal with risk of childhood injury due to product use because product manufacturers have poor childhood injury data and child behavior data. Developing methodology of evidence-based assessment for childhood injury risk is required by product manufacturers. This paper proposes a system for presenting potential high-risk situation by integrating biomechanical, injury, and child daily behavior model. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed system, this paper describes the application of the system to the risk analysis of a playground swing in a park. The system calculated the potential risk of head injury around the swing equipment.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmermd.2010._2a1-a28_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

To address a problem of childhood unintentional and intentional injuries such as injury due to accident and injury due to child abuse, tools for scientifically analyzing causes of death and injury process is needed. The objective of this study is to develop a system for supporting forensic authentification based on individual biomechanical characteristics by robotizing a forensic autopsy room. The system supports inspecting biomechanical characteristics, and injury process analysis by biomechanical simulation based on the inspected characteristics. To this end, as the first step, this paper describes analysis of the forensic autopsy work and development of a system for inspecting biomechanical characteristics.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmermd.2010._2a1-a29_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Effects of head rotational motion on brain deformation behavior were examined using a head physical model constructed from individual medical images of a head. The model consists of the parts reconstructed the skull, falx, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain, which represents an actual human head shape. Rotational impacts were applied around frontal axis of the model under the conditions in the case that maximum angular acceleration and angular velocity were controlled. As the results of experiments, shear strain in brain part and peak strain between skull and brain surfaces, which assumes strain at bridging veins, correlates strongly with peak change of angular velocity but correlates poorly with maximum angular acceleration which has been often proposed as a head injury criterion in rotational impact. Thus, peak change of angular velocity of a head should be included in the injury criterion in the case that rotational motion of a head occurs.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2010.6.0_205

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the brain shape and structure on the strain distribution by comparing the distribution of the two differently-shaped head physical models in rotational impact. One of the brain model used in this study was shaped actual human brain including the cerebral sulci, gyri and ventricles. The other was simple-shaped model removed those structures. Each model was exposed to angular acceleration by impactor collision causing 4500rad/s^2 peak rotational acceleration with 8ms pulse duration. After rotating 60 degree, two models were decelerated with 1500 rad/s^2 peak, 30ms duration. As the results of experiments, the maximum principal strain at the corpus callosum in real-shaped model was larger than the simple-shaped model. And the concentrations in base of the sulci were also observed in the real-shaped model. Therefore it was clarified that the brain shape such as the cerebral sulci and corpus callosum affect the strain distribution.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2010.77

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

A Three dimentional transparent physical model of a human head with real shape was constructed to visualize and measure relative motion between skull and brain in order to clarify the mechannism of acute subdural hematoma. The model consists of a transparant skul, brain made of syllicone gel, cerebrospinal fluid to reconstruct relative motion between brain and skull and meninges which constraints the motion. The shape was based on real-shaped three dimentional CAD data constructed from CT/MRI images of a specific individual. The results of experiments in the cases of impactor collision to the occipital skull showed that shape of impact force pulse applied to the head was not affected on maximum bridging vein strains because of relative motion between skull and brain due to existance of cerebro spinal fluid.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeshd.2010.82

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2297/36764

Language：Japanese   Publisher：[東京] : 人工知能学会  

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I025925920

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

子どもの事故予防に配慮した製品設計を行う際、子どもと製品とのインタラクションを検討することが重要となる。しかし、製品の安全設計は設計者によって主観的に行われているのが現状である。本研究では、実データから作成された傷害発生モデルと子どもの行動モデルを生体衝撃シミュレーションと統合し、子どもの日常行動を製品設置空間で重ね合わせて再現することで、起こり得るハイリスクな事故状況を提示する方法を述べる。

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2010.0_3j1nfc1a6

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I025925905

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper describes the development of the method to visualize hazardous area in living spaces regarding child head injury in falling. The method considered factors regarding both injury severity and frequency. The injury severity database was classified as the severity level of head injury in relation to falling height, the distance to the collision surface and the surface characteristics for head protection. The database was constructed based on both falling experiment using infant dummy and large amount of falling simulations using multi-body models for children. Moreover, a probabilistic model of climbing behavior, which assumes injury frequency, was constructed based on behavior measurement. Skull fracture possibility calculated from the database and the model was mapped on a 3D CAD model of a living environment. The method helps designers to easily prefind hazardous area in living spaces

DOI： 10.1299/jsmedmc.2010._620-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：タカタ財団  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemag.113.1095_100

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Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.24517/00008862

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：バイオメカニズム学会  

子どもの転倒・転落事故に対する対策は，頻度，重症度の観点から非常に重要である．子どもの転倒・転落事故被害予防を検討する上で重要な点は，実事故に基づいた事故再現を行うことにより，徹底した事故原因究明を行うとともに，それに基づく的確かつ最小限の対策を講じることで，できるだけその環境を保全することである．また，実際に発生した事故は，氷山の一角に過ぎず，それ以外の致命的なハザードを発見し，除去することも必要である．これらの課題を解決する上で子どものデジタル・ヒューマンモデルを活用した事故再現シミュレーションが有効である．本稿では転倒・転落事故解析のための子どものデジタル・ヒューマンモデルの開発およびそれを活用した転倒・転落事故の事故原因究明と対策法の検討について実解析例を交えて紹介する．

DOI： 10.3951/sobim.33.29

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00328600388?from=CiNii

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this study is to develop the method to distinguish child abuse from accident injury by using anthropomorphic test dummy. In this study, shaking assumed child abuse and falling events assumed unintentional injury were examined. As the experimental conditions, two posture of shaking and gender difference in shaking were defined to clarify these effects on head injury risk outcomes. And also, four fall heights and three surfaces for falling were examined. Subdural hematoma (SDH) and skull fracture were evaluated by the peak change of angular velocity and HIC, respectively. As the result of experiments, shaking events cause SDH due to higher peak change of angular velocity, which exceeds the tolerance value, than the case in fallings. Moreover, both the shaking posture and gender affects greatly on the peak change of angular velocity. On the other hand, falling events cause skull fracture because of the higher HIC value than shaking cases.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmesports.2009.0_301

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I10770068

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The reproduction technology of accident situation is indispensable identify hazards, investigate causes, and develop preventive measures for serious child injuries. This paper proposes a method for estimating accident situation by integrating the bodygraphic injury surveillance system and a fall simulator. The proposed method allows us to to estimate possible accident situations, search the most likely accident situation by evaluating the similarity between simulation data and injury case data, and conduct the worst case analysis. This paper also reports an example of the application of the proposed method to reproducing an actually occurred accident case of play equipment.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmermd.2009._2a1-b16_1

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Rapid and accurate medical treat is required to decline the number of traffic death and injury people, but making accurate judgments is difficult by emergency life guard due to shortage of information for accident. So the purpose of this research is making "A prediction formula of driver's injury" as a tool for accurate judgments. To make the prediction formula, a reconstruction simulation of traffic accidents was constructed, and its accuracy was validated by comparing the results of JNCAP to those of simulation. And it was cleared by the analyzing JNCAP data that differences of type of vehicle and manufacturing year affect driver's injuries, so the prediction formula is constructed with this issue in mind.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmesports.2009.0_259

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I10769942

Publisher：Japan Human Factors and Ergonomics Society  

DOI： 10.14874/jergo.45spl.0.62.0

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2008.21.477

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

事故事例から事故対策法を開発するには、事故状況再現が不可欠であるが、欠損データが多い事故情報からの状況推定には、超高自由度空間の探索を扱う問題が生じる。本稿では、得られる情報をうまく融合することで、効率よく事故状況を推定する技術として、遊具事故を例題として、日常の使われ方確率分布、遊具事故傷害の身体空間確率分布、生体衝撃シミュレーション技術を融合し、事故状況尤度を計算する方法を述べる。

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2009.0_3d2nfc15

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I025899142

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2008.21.481

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this study is to visualize a hazardous location in living environment regarding head injury by falling. In particular, the generalized method applying for various living environments was developed. In the method, general head injury database in case of falling in living environment was constructed. The database is based on large amount of simulation results using a multi-body model for Syears old child. And, the database classified the severity level of head injury in relation to falling height and the distance to the collision surface. In order to visualize the hazardous location in a targeted living environment, the severity level of head injury were mapped on the 3D CAD model of the environment based on the database by calculating the distance and height from standing position to collision objects such as furniture. The method made it possible to easily visualize a living environment in shorter time.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmesports.2009.0_306

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I10770097

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

In this study, the method to infer the situation of child's downfall accident by computer simulation was constructed. In the simulation, child multi-body model based on real children's body dimensions and actual spiral stairs model were used. Objective function based on a fall point after the accident was determined and a response surface was constructed to estimate the relationship between the objective function and input variables of the simulation. The circumstances of pre-accident were inferred by using genetic algorithm. The method was applied to a real accident and the estimated situation approximately corresponded to the real accident. The method showed the possibility to estimate the accident circumstances in a real accident.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.74.1238

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

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Language：English  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper presents a method for predicting the tool path generated by a parallel mechanism for a machine tool. As an NC machine tool generally processes a work by interpolating an ideal shape with linear curves, the deviation between the path of the tool and the ideal shape can be estimated easily. However, the input-output relation of the parallel mechanism is non-linear, and accordingly the output pose of the parallel mechanism can be hardly determined by the direct kinematics. The prediction of the deviation of the parallel mechanism machine tool is therefore extremely difficult, so that the generation of its tool path that ensures given allowance is not easy. Thus the present study proposes a simple method to predict the tool path of a parallel mechanism by approximating its motion with a spiral path. By using the prediction result, the study determines an efficiently optimal CL data to realize the tool path that ensures a required deviation.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2008.4.0_177

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper describes the equipment to evaluate human capacity of fall avoidance in seated position. The equipment makes a subject fall safely by supporting the upper body by wire parallel mechanism. Therefore, the equipment makes it possible to obtain the evaluation data of capacity of fall avoidance at the moment when the subject falls. The mechanism consists of four wires connecting a base chair to an output link attached to the thorax so as to support and control 3DOF motion of the upper body. Force sensors were attached to the wires which detect the time when the subjects fall and force-plate were set on base chair to measure the center of pressure (COP) which is generally used for the evaluation. The experimental result for the subject confirmed that the equipment measured the evaluation data of falls avoidance, such as variances of COP or moment around axes of a 3DOF joint of the equipment, at the time when the subject became unstable.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2008.5.0_251

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmedsd.2008.18.346

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebiofro.2008.19.41

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Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.24517/00008778

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人日本機械学会  

This study discusses a robot hand which can be mounted on the human hand to rehabilitate damaged fingers or to assist finger motion. Ordinary robot hands tend to be heavy and large, because they require to mount an actuator on each joint and to use many actuators. Thus, the robot hands are not appropriate to be mounted on the hand. This study notes that human hand grasping any objects composes parallel mechanism. As the parallel mechanisms can arrange the actuators on the base, their moving parts are simple and lightweight. Thus, we propose the wearable robot hand using parallel mechanism. The chains of the proposed mechanism are fixed to the tips of the fingers and the mechanism uses the grasped object by fingers as the output link. When human hand equipped with the proposed hand grasps an object, the proposed robot hand composes a parallel mechanism. Then, human fingers can be operated in a variety of motions. Furthermore, the restraint of the fingers by the wearable robot hand can be easily taken off by releasing the grasped object. Thus, human hand will be safe with respect to unexpected motion of the wearable robot hand.

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DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.73.318

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.73.833

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DOI： 10.4028/0-87849-440-5.181

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This study discusses a robot hand which can be mounted on the human hand to rehabilitate damaged fingers or to assist finger motion. Ordinary robot hands tend to be heavy and large, because they require to mount an actuator on each joint and to use many actuators. Thus, the robot hands are not appropriate to be mounted on the hand. This study notes that human hand grasping any objects composes parallel mechanism. As the parallel mechanisms can arrange the actuators on the base, their moving parts are simple and lightweight. Thus, we propose the wearable robot hand using parallel mechanism. The chains of the proposed mechanism are fixed to the tips of the fingers and the mechanism uses the grasped object by fingers as the output link. When human hand equipped with the proposed hand grasps an object, the proposed robot hand composes a parallel mechanism. Then, human fingers can be operated in a variety of motions. Furthermore, the restraint of the fingers by the wearable robot hand can be easily taken off by releasing the grasped object. Thus, human hand will be safe with respect to unexpected motion of the wearable robot hand.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaic.73.318

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DOI： 10.1142/s0217979208046438

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebiofro.2007.18.151

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2006.19.454

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemag.110.1062_354_2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmehs.2007.44.147

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本計算数理工学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

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Language：English   Publisher：Springer New York  

DOI： 10.1007/978-0-387-45951-6_27

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

We developed the method to construct a high shape fidelity multibody model for specific individual by the height and weight only. In the method, individual body shape is created by transforming the basic body shape data, which has average height and weight. The constructed individual body shape can have smooth outer shape by using shape transformation method combining scaling with skinning deformation. Mass distribution of each segment are defined by their body dimensions. Results of falling impact simulations by using both high-shape fidelity and ellipsoidal models showed both the importance of shape fidelity for human model and consideration of individual difference in body shapes.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmedmc.2006._351-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

Individual multi-body models are created on the basis of the data of Japanese adult male. By using it, a method to predict the injury part of an occupant by drive recorder data is proposed. The method is as follows. Simulate impact by using occupant and vehicle cabin model. Construct prediction equations with statistical procedure. Vehicle cabin model is constructed by measuring the drive recorder mounting vehicle. Individual multi-body model is used as occupant model. The collision simulation analysis was done by taking the height, weight, the seat position, the belt anchor position, and the input acceleration in the variable, and using the model, and the injury data base was made. The influence for occupant motions by each variable was considered. By using the statistical method, the injury part prediction formula is expressed as probability of human body segment collision by a logistic regression analysis.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmedmc.2005._525-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

A construction method to create individual multi-body models is proposed on the basis of the data of Japanese adult male. Individual multi-body models can be created by two parameters, that is, the weight and the height of subject Shapes and mass distributions of each segments were defined by the 38 anthropometry data. Equations to predict 38 anthropometry data from the weight and the height of each subject were obtained by the multiple-regression analysis. The simulation of thorax impact was conducted to confirm the effect of the error of the regression equations on dynamics of human. Next, Multi body models with various body shapes were applied to the analysis of occupant dynamics. As a result, it is obtained that individual difference affected occupant dynamics.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmedmc.2004._708-1_

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of skull local shape on the peak stress and stress distribution. A skull-brain finite element model of the human head was constructed by the CT anatomy images. This model includes inner and outer tables (cortical bones), diploe (a cancellous bone), brain and celebral-spinal fluid (CSF) layer. The mechanical properties were obtained by the aid of the published data. The model was validated by using the three types of the published test data from cadaver experiments. In order to know the local shape effect, the present model was compared with the H-head model under impact. The load was applied to a freely supported head on the frontal bone in the midsagittal plane. The Von Mieses stress distributions of the cortical and the cancellous bone were different from each other. A head model with the shape of high fidelity is necessary in order to detect the possibility of the fracture of skull.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmesports.2004.0_199

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I9596034

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

This paper describes the simulations of impact responses of a helmet by using a multi-body model and a head form. HIC (Head Injury Criterion) values obtained by the simulation are -significantly higher than the results by using a head form only. It is concluded that the existence of the body connected with the head cannot be ignored in order to evaluate the head injury level caused by a falling impact with surface.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecjo.2004.7.0_139

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmebio.2003.15.319

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmezairiki.2003.0_97

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of the head injury which occurs when human fell onto a relatively soft sport surface such as a judo tatami. A sports surface consists of FE model of tatami. Human body includes FE model of head, which is added to bridging veins, connected 21segments Multi-body model of human. By using these models, falling impact simulations in case of sports were carried out to investigate the mechanism of the head injury, especially subdural hematoma. As a result of these simulations, it is clarified that peak strain of bridging veins is not associated with surface characteristics. That is, the fatal head injury can occur even if human falls onto softer surfaces.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmedmc.2003._456-1_

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Country：Japan

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Country：Japan

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