Updated on 2025/11/26

写真a

 
HIRAHARA TORU
 
Organization
School of Science Professor
Title
Professor
External link

News & Topics

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Degree

  • 博士(理学) ( 東京大学 )

Research Interests

  • 表面

  • Rashba効果

  • スピン

  • 表面状態スピン流

  • 表面状態電気伝導

  • 原子層超伝導体

  • Magnetic topological heterostructure

  • 光電子分光

Research Areas

  • Natural Science / Semiconductors, optical properties of condensed matter and atomic physics  / 表面・界面物性

  • Nanotechnology/Materials / Thin film/surface and interfacial physical properties

Education

  • 博士(理学) 東京大学

    - 2008.2

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  • The University of Tokyo   Graduate School of Science   Department of Physics

    2005.4 - 2006.12

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  • The University of Tokyo   Graduate School of Science   Department of Physics

    2003.4 - 2005.3

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Research History

  • Tokyo Institute of Technology(Institute of Science from October 2024)   School of Science   Professor

    2022.4

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    Country:Japan

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  • Tokyo Institute of Technology   School of Science   Associate Professor

    2014.6 - 2022.3

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  • The University of Tokyo   Graduate School of Science, Department of Physics   Assistant Professor

    2007.1 - 2014.5

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  • 日本学術振興会特別研究員(DC1)

    2005.4 - 2006.12

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Professional Memberships

Committee Memberships

  •   UVSORユーザー懇談会世話人  

    2022.4   

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  • 日本物理学会   新著紹介小委員会  

    2020.4 - 2022.3   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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  •   固体物理誌友  

    2018.4   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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  •   日本物理学会領域9運営委員  

    2015.4 - 2016.3   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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  •   UVSOR利用者懇談会世話人  

    2014 - 2018   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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  •   日本表面真空科学会会誌編集委員  

       

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    Committee type:Academic society

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  •   日本表面科学会講演大会委員  

       

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    Committee type:Academic society

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Papers

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MISC

  • Two-Dimensional Superconductivity of Ca-Intercalated Graphene on SiC: Focused on the Interface between Graphene and the Substrate

    遠山晴子, 秋山了太, 一ノ倉聖, 橋爪瑞葵, 飯盛拓嗣, 遠藤由大, 保原麗, 松井朋裕, 堀井健太郎, 佐藤瞬亮, 平原徹, 小森文夫, 長谷川修司

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)   78 ( 2 )   2023

  • Double Dirac cone and interlayer band in the Ca-intercalated graphene

    一ノ倉聖, 徳田啓, 福嶋隆司朗, 堀井健太郎, 遠山晴子, 秋山了太, 出田真一郎, 田中清尚, 清水亮太, 一杉太郎, 長谷川修司, 平原徹

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)   77 ( 1 )   2022

  • Electrical Observation of Soft-magnetic Skyrmions in the Sandwich Structure Including Topological Insulator with Self-assembled Ferromagnetic Atomic Layers

    高城拓也, 秋山了太, Kibirev I. A., Matetskiy A. V., 中西亮介, 佐藤瞬亮, 深澤拓朗, 佐々木泰祐, 遠山晴子, 樋渡功太, Zotov A. V., Saranin A. A., 平原徹, 長谷川修司

    表面と真空   65 ( 9 )   2022

  • Superconductivity in Ca-intercalated graphene on SiC substrate

    遠山晴子, 秋山了太, 橋爪瑞葵, 一ノ倉聖, 飯盛拓嗣, 松井朋裕, 堀井健太郎, 佐藤瞬亮, 保原麗, 遠藤由大, 福山寛, 平原徹, 小森文夫, 長谷川修司

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)   76 ( 2 )   2021

  • Electrical observation of magnetic skyrmions in the ferromagnetic topological insulator Mn(Bi1-xSbx)2Te4/(Bi1-xSbx)2Te3/Mn(Bi1-xSbx)2Te4

    高城拓也, 秋山了太, Kibirev Ivan, Kibirev Ivan, Matetskiy Andrey, Matetskiy Andrey, 遠山晴子, 中西亮介, 樋渡功太, 平原徹, 深澤拓朗, Zotov Andrey, Zotov Andrey, Saranin Alexander, Saranin Alexander, 長谷川修司

    日本表面真空学会学術講演会要旨集(Web)   2020   2020

  • Fermi-Level-Controlled Electrical Transport Properties in the Ferromagnetic Topological Insulator Sandwich Structure Mn(Bi1-xSbx)2Te4/(Bi1-xSbx)2Te3/Mn(Bi1-xSbx)2Te4/Si(111)

    高城拓也, 秋山了太, KIBIREV I. A., KIBIREV I. A., MATETSKIY A. V., MATETSKIY A. V., 遠山晴子, 中西亮介, 樋渡功太, 平原徹, 深澤拓朗, ZOTOV A. V., ZOTOV A. V., SARANIN A. A., SARANIN A. A., 長谷川修司

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)   75 ( 2 )   2020

  • トポロジカル絶縁体/磁性絶縁体超薄膜ヘテロ接合 II:磁化特性

    中西亮介, 秋山了太, 奥山裕磨, 高木康多, EREMEEV S. V., CHULKOV E. V., 横山利彦, 長谷川修司, 平原徹

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)   72 ( 1 )   2017

  • Spin-Dependent Ion Scattering on Bismuth Surfaces Invited

    Satoru ICHINOKURA, Toru HIRAHARA, Osamu SAKAI, Shuji HASEGAWA, Taku SUZUKI

    Surface acience   36   408 - 411   2015

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Rapid communication, short report, research note, etc. (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1380/jsssj.36.408

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  • 可視光レーザーを用いた表面ラシュバ系における光誘起電圧の円二色性:Bi表面およびBi吸着Ag表面

    石原大嵩, 福居直哉, 保原麗, 高山あかり, 秋山了太, 平原徹, 長谷川修司

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)   70 ( 2 )   2015

  • トポロジカル絶縁体Bi2Te3超薄膜へのPbドープによるフェルミ準位制御と電気伝導度測定

    相谷昌紀, 平原徹, 坂本裕介, 山田学, 宮崎秀俊, 木村真一, 長谷川修司

    表面科学学術講演会講演要旨集   31st   28   2011.12

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  • BiSb合金超薄膜上のトポロジカル金属

    坂本裕介, 平原徹, 最首祐樹, 宮崎秀俊, 木村真一, 奥田太一, 奥田太一, 松田巌, 村上修一, 村上修一, 長谷川修司

    表面科学学術講演会講演要旨集   29th ( 0 )   211 - 213   2009.10

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:公益社団法人 日本表面科学会  

    近年、バルクは絶縁体であるがエッジにトポロジカルに保護された金属的な状態を持つトポロジカル絶縁体が注目を集めている。これまで単結晶BiSb合金はトポロジカル絶縁体であるという報告がある。今回我々はBiSb合金超薄膜においても同様のエッジ状態が存在するのかを調べるために反射高速電子線回折観察、4端子電気伝導測定、光電子分光測定を行った。当日はその詳細を報告する。

    DOI: 10.14886/sssj2008.29.0.213.0

    J-GLOBAL

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  • STM observation of the Si(1 1 1)-c(12×2)-Ag surface

    Nobuhiro Miyata, Iwao Matsuda, Marie D'Angelo, Harumo Morikawa, Toru Hirahara, Shuji Hasegawa

    e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology   3   151 - 155   2005.5

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Awards

  • 文部科学大臣表彰 若手科学者賞

    2019.4  

    平原 徹

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  • 東工大挑戦的研究賞

    2017  

    平原 徹

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  • 日本表面科学会奨励賞

    2010  

    平原 徹

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  • 日本物理学会若手奨励賞(領域9)

    2009  

    平原 徹

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Research Projects

  • p電子系の特異なg因子を活かした高度スピン変換機能の開拓

    Grant number:23H00268  2023.4 - 2027.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(A)

    伏屋 雄紀, 白石 誠司, 平原 徹, 酒井 英明

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    Grant amount:\47580000 ( Direct Cost: \36600000 、 Indirect Cost:\10980000 )

    本研究では,目的を達成するために(1)Biと(2)ポストBi物質(IV-VI族半導体と層状ディラック物質)の2系統を平行して研究を進めている.
    (1-1) Biにおいてg因子の異方性を考慮したスピンホール効果の計算を行った.g因子およびその異方性を,独自に開発したπ-matrix法を用いて計算した結果,Biのスピン変換効率を定量的に求めることが出来た.スピン流の定義の違いによるスピンホール伝導度計算の違いを明らかにし,スピン磁気モーメントの流れに基づく定義が実験結果と矛盾しないことを明らかにした.
    (1-2) キャリア密度変化に由来する弾性抵抗の理論の基本的枠組みを構築した.あわせて,Biにおいて弾性抵抗の測定を行った.その結果,応力によりバレー自由度が制御できることを明らかにした.さらに,第一原理計算に基づいてバンド構造の一軸応力による変化を計算し,実験で得られた弾性抵抗の変化がキャリア密度の変化で説明できることを明らかにした.
    (2-1) 二次元ビスマス層を有する物質系の基本物質であるEuMnBi2において,g因子のフェルミエネルギー依存性を量子振動測定により解明した.フェルミエネルギーがディラックバンドの電荷中性点に近づくと,g因子が増大することを明らかにした.得られた成果を論文として発表した.
    (2-2) in situ ホール効果測定システムを立ち上げ,磁性トポロジカル絶縁体ヘテロ構造MnBi2Te4/Bi2Te3の磁化特性の評価を行った.基板とBi2Te3の界面におけるBi原子1層の有無により,観測される異常ホール効果が異なり,Biのスピン軌道結合由来の異常ホール効果が起きることが分かった.

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  • 原子層高温超伝導体を用いた高密度マヨラナ格子の創製への挑戦

    Grant number:22K18966  2022.6 - 2025.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 挑戦的研究(萌芽)  挑戦的研究(萌芽)

    平原 徹

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    Grant amount:\6500000 ( Direct Cost: \5000000 、 Indirect Cost:\1500000 )

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  • 高キュリー/ネール温度の原子層磁性体の開拓と量子異常ホール効果の高温化

    Grant number:22H00293  2022.4 - 2026.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)  基盤研究(A)

    平原 徹

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    Grant amount:\42120000 ( Direct Cost: \32400000 、 Indirect Cost:\9720000 )

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  • SrTiO3基板中のNbを機能コアとする単層FeSe薄膜の超伝導特性解明

    Grant number:22H04502  2022.4 - 2024.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)  新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

    平原 徹

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    Grant amount:\5850000 ( Direct Cost: \4500000 、 Indirect Cost:\1350000 )

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  • Superconducting properties of monolayer FeSe films grown on SrTiO3 substrates with controlled interfaces

    Grant number:20H05183  2020.4 - 2022.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

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    Grant amount:\5980000 ( Direct Cost: \4600000 、 Indirect Cost:\1380000 )

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  • 強磁性二次元ファンデルワールス原子層物質の新奇な磁化特性の解明と制御

    2018 - 2021

    基盤研究(A) 

    平原 徹

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

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  • Scanning tunneling potentiometry measurements on surface/ultrathin superconductors

    Grant number:16K13683  2016.4 - 2017.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    Hirahara Toru, YOSHINO Ryo, TANAKA Tomoaki

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    Grant amount:\3640000 ( Direct Cost: \2800000 、 Indirect Cost:\840000 )

    The purpose of the present research is to unveil the origin of the high critical current in surface/ultrathin superconductors using microscopic electrical conductivity measurements. First, we searched for the condition to grow a high-quality one unit-cell (1UC) thick FeSe superconducting film on SrTiO3(001) substrate. We found that a large domain 1UC FeSe can be grown by co-depositing Fe and Se at the substrate temperature of 520 degrees from scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements. Furthermore, we found that the superconducting properties of 1UC FeSe film showed local variations from scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements at 5 K. We will clarify how these local properties affect the magnitude of the critical current from scanning tunneling potentiometry (STP) measurements in the near future.

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  • 表面・極薄超伝導体の走査トンネルポテンショメトリ測定

    2016

    挑戦的萌芽研究 

    平原 徹

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

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  • Elucidating the peculiar properties of inversion-symmetry-broken surface superconductors with scanning tunneling microscopy

    Grant number:15H05453  2015.4 - 2018.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)

    Hirahara Toru, TANAKA Tomoaki, YOSHINO Ryo, AKIYAMA Kenta

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\23790000 ( Direct Cost: \18300000 、 Indirect Cost:\5490000 )

    We report the relationship between the surface superstructure of SrTiO3(001) (STO) substrate
    and superconducting properties of single unit cell (1 UC) FeSe films using scanning tunneling
    microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). Under reflection high-energy-electron diffraction (RHEED) observation, we controlled the periodicity of the STO surface to 2×1 and √2×√2 by changing the annealing temperature and grew high-quality FeSe films. We found that the substrate periodicity can be imaged through the 1 UC FeSe from high-resolution STM observations and obtained clear evidence that the superconducting gap size depends on the surface periodicity (10-15 meV on 2×1 and 15-17.5 meV on √2×√2) for the first time. The results are discussed in terms of the surface termination of the STO substrate.

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  • Development of pure spin injection probe using multiprobe STM

    Grant number:15K13358  2015.4 - 2017.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    Hobara Rei, HIRAHARA TORU

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    Grant amount:\3770000 ( Direct Cost: \2900000 、 Indirect Cost:\870000 )

    We developed the pure spin injection probe without charge current injection. By making ferromagnetic / paramagnetic interface within the spin diffusion length from probe tip, and recollect the current flowing that interface, pure spin current can become to be injected to the sample. We also demonstrated the spin injection of this probe by measuring inverse spin hall effect.

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  • Study of Electron/Spin Transport at Molecules by Functionalized Four-Tip STM

    Grant number:25110010  2013.6 - 2018.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

    Hasegawa Shuji, HOBARA Rei

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    Grant amount:\86450000 ( Direct Cost: \66500000 、 Indirect Cost:\19950000 )

    By using our four-tip scanning tunneling microscope prober with functionalized tips, we have measured charge and spin transport properties of various molecular objects and surfaces of electrodes which are components necessary for "molecular architechtonics" . (1) The conductivity of Nickel dithiolene nanosheets is very high and changes with redox control. (2) Bilayer graphene becomes superconducting around 2 K by Calcium intercalation. (3) The Berry phase of bilayer graphene changes from 0 to π by Li-intercalation and thermal desorption treatment. (4) A probe for pure spin injection has been developed.

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  • Development of a high-resolution surface magnetic optical Kerr effect measurements system and its application to spin transport measurements in surface Rashba systems

    Grant number:25600093  2013.4 - 2016.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    Hirahara Toru

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\4030000 ( Direct Cost: \3100000 、 Indirect Cost:\930000 )

    The purpose of this research is to measure the spin transport phenomenon at the surface of nonmagnetic materials which exhibit large Rashba splitting. Due to the spin-momentum locking in these systems, they are expected to show dichroism behavior when irradiated with left/right circularly-polarized light that originate from the peculiar band structure (spin galvanic effect). First, we have irradiated circularly-polarized visible laser on the Bi(111) films and Ag(111)√3×√3-Bi which show large Rashba splitting. We succeeded in measuring the dichroism behavior by precisely measuring the electromotive force between the two edges of the samples. However, we also observed dichroism behavior for the Si(111)7×7 surface which we did not expect. Secondly, we tried to measure the current-induced spin-polarization of the Rashba systems with spin-polarized He ion scattering. We succeeded in observing the spin-dependent scattering phenomenon that originate from spin-orbit coupling.

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  • Studies on Electronic and Spin Transport at Topological Surfaces and Edge States

    Grant number:25246025  2013.4 - 2016.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    Hasegawa Shuji, TAKAYAMA Akari, AKIYAMA Ryota, HIRAHARA Toru, Saranin Alexander, HOBARA Rei

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    Grant amount:\45890000 ( Direct Cost: \35300000 、 Indirect Cost:\10590000 )

    The present research on transport phenomena at surfaces of strong spin-orbit coupling materials has provided the following results. (1) Direct detection of suppression of back scattering of surface-state carriers on topological insulators. (2) Detection of photogalvanic effect (spin-polarized current induced by irradiation of circularly polarized light) at Rashba-type spin-split surface states. (3) Detection of energy-gap opening in a topological Dirac-cone type state by proximity effect of magnetic material. (4) Detection of spin Hall effect at ultrathin films of topological insulators. (5) Discovery of superconductivity at Rashba-type spin-split surface states. (6) Discovery of superconductivity at Ca-intercalated double-layer graphene.

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  • Development of a spin-polarized scanning tunneling potentiometry system and its application to micro fabricated surface Rashba systems

    Grant number:23686007  2011.4 - 2014.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A)

    HIRAHARA Toru

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\27690000 ( Direct Cost: \21300000 、 Indirect Cost:\6390000 )

    The purpose of the present project is to perform scanning tunneling potentiometry (STP) measurements on surface Rashba systems and explore the intriguing nature of its charge/spin transport phenomena. Therefore we have newly constructed a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and furthermore, made our own measurement system for STP measurements. We have shown that it is possible to simultaneously map the surface topography with STM while mapping the potential distribution with STP when applying electrical current through the surface. Using ultrathin Bi films formed on Si(111) substrates, we have shown that the potential gradient can be measured properly. We have additionally found a way to micro fabricate surface states in situ and measure the spin Hall effect using nonlocal transport measurements using ultrathin Bi2Se3 films.

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  • Development of a spin-polarized probe for nanoscale transport measurements and its application to spin transport of surface Rashba systems

    Grant number:22656011  2010 - 2012

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research  Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research

    HIRAHARA Toru, HASEGAWA Shuji

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\3640000 ( Direct Cost: \3100000 、 Indirect Cost:\540000 )

    In the present research, we have tried to extend our nanoscale transport measurement technique to spin transport. First, we developed a method to make a magnetic probe by coating CoFe on cabon nanotube (CNT) tips. Using these magnetic probes in our four-tip scanning tunneling microscope, we succeeded in detecting some spin signal, which is likely originated from the current-induced spin-polarization phenomenon in surface states of ultrathin bismuth films.

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  • Development of Milli-Kelvin Micro-Four-Point Probe Method andResearch of Monolayer Superconductors

    Grant number:22246006  2010 - 2012

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    HASEGAWA Shuji, HIRAHARA Toru

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    Grant amount:\49660000 ( Direct Cost: \38200000 、 Indirect Cost:\11460000 )

    We have developed a novel experimental tool called ‘micro-four-point probe method’ for more than ten years, and applied it to studies on electrical conduction at crystal surfaces and monolayers. In this study, we have intended that the method is expended in the temperature range down to milli-Kelvin (0.4 K) and also with strong magnetic field (up to 7 T) so that we can explore the studies on monolayer superconductivity/surface-state superconductivity and the magneto-transport properties of surfaces/monolayers.

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  • Diluted magnetic surface states on semiconductor crystals and its application to spintronics

    Grant number:19206006  2007 - 2009

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)

    HASEGAWA Shuji, HIRAHARA Toru

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    Grant amount:\48490000 ( Direct Cost: \37300000 、 Indirect Cost:\11190000 )

    (1) We have developed an ultra-high-vacuum surface-magneto-optical Kerr effect (UHV-SMOKE) system to investigate magnetic properties of surface states. The method has revealed that the magnetic property of Cobalt atomic layers sensitively depends on the substrate structures beneath them. (2) We have revealed, by using spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and the first-principle calculations, that the surface states of non-magnetic materials, Bismuth and its alloys (topological insulators), are spin-split. (3) We have directly detected (inverse) spin-Hall effect on Bismuth film surfaces that have large spin-orbit interaction, by measuring surface-state transport with a four-tip STM (scanning tunneling microscope) apparatus.

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  • 金属単原子層と超薄膜内2次元電子系の電子状態と磁気輸送

    Grant number:05J11823  2005 - 2006

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 特別研究員奨励費  特別研究員奨励費

    平原 徹

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    Grant amount:\1800000 ( Direct Cost: \1800000 )

    1.ビスマス超薄膜の表面状態のスピン分裂の直接観測
    昨年度はシリコン表面上ビスマス(Bi)超薄膜の高分解能光電子分光測定を行い、その電子状態に関する予備的実験を行った。そして理論計算との比較でビスマスの表面状態バンドが強いスピン軌道相互作用と反転対称性の破れのためRashba型のスピン軌道分裂をしているということが示唆された。本年度は上記の事実を実験的に確認するために広島大学においてBi超薄膜の電子状態のスピン角度分解光電子分光測定を行った。その結果、確かに表面状態バンドが波数空間でスピン分裂していることを直接観測した。理論の予言通り、表面状態のスピン構造はΓ点に対して反対称性を示し、スピン偏極率としては最大で0.5という値が得られた。
    2.ビスマス超薄膜の表面状態電気伝導
    これまでの研究でバルクBiは半金属であり電気伝導度が低いが、表面状態は非常によい二次元金属になっていた。つまり輸送特性においても表面状態が大きな寄与を果たしていることが予想される。そこで当研究室の表面敏感なマイクロ4端子電気伝導測定装置を用いて室温下でBi超薄膜の電気伝導度の膜厚依存を測定した。その結果、非常に薄い膜厚(6-10BL)においては表面状態が確かに支配的であるが、膜厚増加とともにバルク(膜内部)の寄与が大きくなることが分かった。この方法で見積もられた表面状態電気伝導度は表面に酸素を暴露して表面状態を壊したときの電気伝導減少分から推定される値とよい一致を示した。さらに詳細なフェルミ面、バンド構造を分かっているのでボルツマン方程式を用いて電気伝導度が計算でき、その解析からも得られたBiの表面状態電気伝導度が妥当であるということが確認できた。そして低膜厚で表面状態電気伝導度の温度依存性を調べたところ300Kから10Kまで金属的な振る舞いを示し、過去に報告されたCDW転移は起こらなかった。

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