Updated on 2026/04/28

写真a

 
KANDA WATARU
 
Organization
Institute of Integrated Research Multidisciplinary Resilience Research Center Associate Professor
Title
Associate Professor
External link

Degree

  • Doctor of Science ( The University of Tokyo )

Research Interests

  • 火山学

  • 地球電磁気学

Research Areas

  • Natural Science / Solid earth sciences  / Volcanology

  • Social Infrastructure (Civil Engineering, Architecture, Disaster Prevention) / Disaster prevention engineering

Education

  • The University of Tokyo   Graduate School of Science

    1994.4 - 1997.3

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  • The University of Tokyo   Graduate School of Science

    1992.4 - 1994.3

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    Country: Japan

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  • The University of Tokyo   Faculty of Science   Department of Geophysics

    1988.4 - 1992.3

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    Country: Japan

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  • 大分県立杵築高等学校

    1984.4 - 1987.3

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Research History

  • Institute of Science Tokyo   Institute of Integrated Research, Multidisciplinary Resilience Research Center   Associate Professor

    2024.10

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    Country:Japan

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  • The University of Tokyo   Earthquake Research Institute

    2024.4 - 2026.3

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  • Tokyo Institute of Technology   Institute of Innovative Research, Multidisciplinary Resilience Research Center   Associate Professor

    2023.4 - 2024.9

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  • Tokyo Institute of Technology   School of Science, Volcanic Fluid Research Center   Associate Professor

    2016.4 - 2023.3

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  • The University of Tokyo   Earthquake Research Institute

    2010.4 - 2012.3

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  • Tokyo Institute of Technology   Volcanic Fluid Research Center   Associate Professor

    2010.1 - 2016.3

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  • Kyoto University   Disaster Prevention Research Institute Sakurajima Volcano Research Center   Assistant Professor

    2007.4 - 2009.12

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  • Kyoto University   Disaster Prevention Research Institute Sakurajima Volcano Research Center

    1998.4 - 2007.3

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  • RIKEN   Researcher

    1997.4 - 1998.3

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Professional Memberships

Committee Memberships

  • 文部科学省研究開発局地震・防災研究課   火山調査研究推進本部 火山調査委員会 委員  

    2024.4   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 気象庁   火山噴火予知連絡会委員  

    2019.5 - 2023.3   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 国立研究開発法人 防災科学技術研究所   機動的な調査観測・解析グループ運営委員会委員  

    2025.4   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 文部科学省研究開発局   火山調査研究推進本部 政策委員会 専門委員  

    2024.6   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 東京大学地震研究所   地震・火山噴火予知協議会企画部推進室員  

    2024.4 - 2026.3   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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  • 文部科学省研究開発局地震・防災研究課   火山調査研究推進本部の設置に向けた準備会構成員  

    2023.9 - 2024.3   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 草津白根山防災会議協議会   火山専門家  

    2023.4   

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    Committee type:Municipal

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  • 気象庁   火山噴火予知連絡会委員(専門委員:東京地区)  

    2023.4 - 2024.11   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 気象庁地震火山部   火山噴火予知連絡会口永良部島部会委員  

    2020.4 - 2022.6   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 気象庁地震火山部   火山噴火予知連絡会 火山観測体制等に関する検討会委員  

    2019.10 - 2023.3   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 内閣府   火山防災に係る技術動向検討グループ委員  

    2018.8 - 2019.3   

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    Committee type:Government

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  • 国立研究開発法人防災科学技術研究所   火山研究運営委員会データ流通ワーキンググループ構成員  

    2017.7 - 2019.3   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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  • 神奈川県温泉地学研究所   神奈川県客員研究員  

    2017.7 - 2018.3   

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    Committee type:Municipal

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  • 火山人材育成コンソーシアム   運営委員会委員  

    2017.4   

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    Committee type:Other

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  • 産業技術総合研究所   客員研究員  

    2012.12 - 2014.3   

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    Committee type:Other

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  • 地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会   将来構想検討ワーキンググループ 委員  

    2012.4 - 2013.3   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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Papers

  • Geomagnetic Observations at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano

    Wataru Kanda, Takao Koyama, Yasuo Matsunaga

    In: Ohba, T., Terada, A. (eds) Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano. Active Volcanoes of the World   2025.7

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  • Critical Factors That Control Hydrothermal Circulation Within Active Volcanoes: Constraints From Numerical Simulation Based on a Resistivity Structure Model

    Yasuo Matsunaga, Wataru Kanda

    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth   2025.2

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1029/2024JB029833

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  • Large-scale magmatic–hydrothermal system of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, revealed by broadband magnetotellurics

    Yasuo Matsunaga, Wataru Kanda, Takao Koyama, Shinichi Takakura, Tatsuji Nishizawa

    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research   429   107600 - 107600   2022.9

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107600

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  • Imaging the Source Region of the 2015 Phreatic Eruption at Owakudani, Hakone Volcano, Japan, Using High‐Density Audio‐Frequency Magnetotellurics

    K. Seki, W. Kanda, K. Mannen, S. Takakura, T. Koyama, R. Noguchi, Y. Yukutake, M. Ishikawa, M. Fukai, M. Harada, Y. Abe

    Geophysical Research Letters   48 ( 1 )   2021.1

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:American Geophysical Union (AGU)  

    DOI: 10.1029/2020gl091568

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    Other Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1029/2020GL091568

  • Resistivity structure and geochemistry of the Jigokudani Valley hydrothermal system, Mt. Tateyama, Japan Reviewed

    Kaori Seki, Wataru Kanda, Toshiya Tanbo, Takeshi Ohba, Yasuo Ogawa, Shinichi Takakura, Kenji Nogami, Masashi Ushioda, Atsushi Suzuki, Zenshiro Saito, Yasuo Matsunaga

    JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH   325   15 - 26   2016.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.06.010

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  • Three-dimensional electromagnetic imaging of fluids and melts beneath the NE Japan arc revisited by using geomagnetic transfer function data Reviewed

    Wataru Kanda, Yasuo Ogawa

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   66   2014.5

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1186/1880-5981-66-39

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  • A heating process of Kuchi-erabu-jima volcano, Japan, as inferred from geomagnetic field variations and electrical structure Reviewed

    Wataru Kanda, Mitsuru Utsugi, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Takeshi Hashimoto, Ikuko Fujii, Toshiaki Hasenaka, Nobuaki Shigeno

    JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH   189 ( 1-2 )   158 - 171   2010.1

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.002

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  • A preparation zone for volcanic explosions beneath Naka-dake crater, Aso volcano, as inferred from magnetotelluric surveys Reviewed

    Wataru Kanda, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Mitsuru Utsugi, Shinichi Takakura, Takeshi Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Inoue

    JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH   178 ( 1 )   32 - 45   2008.11

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.022

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  • New procedures to decompose geomagnetic field variations and application to volcanic activitiy Reviewed

    Ikuko Fujii, Wataru Kanda

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL   175 ( 1 )   400 - 414   2008.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03870.x

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  • Trans-crustal magma plumbing system of Kirishima Volcanic Complex as inferred from dense broadband magnetotelluric observations

    Koki Aizawa, Dan Muramatsu, Kaori Tsukamoto, Yoshiko Teguri, Takao Koyama, Mitsuru Utsugi, Wataru Kanda, Tasuku Inomata, Hiromichi Shigematsu, Hiroshi Shimizu

    Earth, Planets and Space   78 ( 1 )   2026.3

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    Abstract

    To investigate the magma plumbing system of the Kirishima Volcanic Complex (KVC), we conducted a broadband magnetotelluric (MT) survey over an expanded area of approximately 60 × 60 km, including the region around Shinmoe-dake volcano, which recently experienced magmatic eruptions in 2011, 2018, and 2025. Three-dimensional inversion of the MT data reveals a detailed resistivity structure extending to upper mantle depths. A large low-resistivity zone (C1) is interpreted as a long-lived trans-crustal magmatic system, whereas an adjacent high-resistivity zone (R1) is interpreted as solidified magma associated with past caldera-forming eruptions. The geodetically inferred pressure source associated with the recent eruptions of Shinmoe-dake is situated at the boundary between C1 and R1 and is interpreted as a small, temporary magma pocket. The craters of three active volcanoes (Iwo-yama, Shinmoe-dake, and Ohachi) are located above the edges of C1, and deep low-frequency earthquakes (DLFEs) occur at its eastern edge. Notably, the spatial alignment of the DLFE cluster, pressure source, and Shinmoe-dake crater is approximately linear and follows the margin of C1, suggesting that magma preferentially ascends along the edge of C1. Furthermore, the nearly simultaneous onset of DLFEs, pressure source inflation, and shallow seismicity—with time lags of only a few days—indicates the presence of an established and efficient magma ascent pathway along the edge of C1. The large volume of C1 (> 3000 km 3 ) and its structural characteristics imply a relatively high potential for large-scale eruptions to occur over short timescales in the future. These findings provide a new framework for understanding the long-term magmatic evolution and eruption potential of the KVC.

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-026-02390-2

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    Other Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-026-02390-2

  • Spatial extent and eruptive potential of hydrothermal system at Numanotaira Crater, Adatara Volcano, Japan, inferred from shallow resistivity structure and diffuse soil gas flux measurement

    Hiromasa Kawada, Wataru Kanda, Masahiro Ichiki, Hiroki Nagaike, Tatsuki Ishigo

    Earth, Planets and Space   2025.11

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-025-02294-7

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  • Magnetotelluric Imaging of the Magmatic–Hydrothermal System of Kusatsu–Shirane Volcano

    Yasuo Matsunaga, Wataru Kanda

    In: Ohba, T., Terada, A. (eds) Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano. Active Volcanoes of the World   2025.7

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    Language:English  

    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-86137-6_9

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  • 火山の内部を探る電磁探査

    神田 径

    火山   2024.12

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.18940/kazan.69.4_209

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  • Shallow resistivity structure around the 2018 craters of Mt. Motoshirane of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan, revealed by audio-frequency magnetotellurics

    Asami Honda, Wataru Kanda, Takao Koyama, Shinichi Takakura, Yasuo Matsunaga, Tatsuji Nishizawa, Satoshi Ikezawa

    Earth, Planets and Space   75 ( 1 )   2023.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-023-01799-3

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  • The Onset, Middle, and Climax of Precursory Hydrothermal Intrusion of the 2018 Phreatic Eruption at Kusatsu‐Shirane Volcano

    Taishi Yamada, Akihiko Terada, Rina Noguchi, Wataru Kanda, Hideki Ueda, Hiroshi Aoyama, Takahiro Ohkura, Yasuo Ogawa, Toshikazu Tanada

    Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth   2023.11

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1029/2023JB026781

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  • Correction to: Anatomy of active volcanic edifice at the Kusatsu–Shirane volcano, Japan, by magnetotellurics: hydrothermal implications for volcanic unrests (Earth, Planets and Space, (2020), 72, 1, (161), 10.1186/s40623-020-01283-2)

    Kuo Hsuan Tseng, Yasuo Ogawa, Nurhasan, Sabri Bülent Tank, Naoto Ujihara, Yoshimori Honkura, Akihiko Terada, Yoshiya Usui, Wataru Kanda

    Earth, Planets and Space   74 ( 1 )   2022.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-022-01630-5

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  • Numerical Modeling of a Volcanic Hydrothermal System Based on Resistivity Structure

    Yasuo Matsunaga, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan, Wataru Kanda

    Journal of Disaster Research   17 ( 5 )   654 - 662   2022.8

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Fuji Technology Press Ltd.  

    <jats:p>Numerical simulation is a useful method for studying the magmatic-hydrothermal systems of volcanoes. However, no comprehensive scheme has been established for constructing subsurface permeability structures that have a significant impact on fluid flow within the volcano. In this study, as a first step to establishing such a scheme, numerical simulations of hydrothermal fluid flow incorporating the heterogeneous properties of the permeability structure were performed utilizing the resistivity structure observed at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, central Japan. Although the constructed permeability structure was relatively simple, the simulation results closely reproduced some observations, such as the broad resistivity structure and the distribution and discharge patterns of hot springs around the volcano. These results suggest that the uncertainty in generating permeability structures in hydrothermal fluid flow simulations can be greatly reduced by using resistivity structures.</jats:p>

    DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2022.p0654

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  • Electrical conductive fluid-rich zones and their influence on the earthquake initiation, growth, and arrest processes: observations from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence, Kyushu Island, Japan

    Koki Aizawa, Shinichi Takakura, Hisafumi Asaue, Katsuaki Koike, Ryokei Yoshimura, Ken’ichi Yamazaki, Shintaro Komatsu, Mitsuru Utsugi, Hiroyuki Inoue, Kaori Tsukamoto, Makoto Uyeshima, Takao Koyama, Wataru Kanda, Tohru Yoshinaga, Nobuo Matsushima, Kazunari Uchida, Yuko Tsukashima, Takeshi Matsushima, Hiroshi Ichihara, Dan Muramatsu, Yoshiko Teguri, Azusa Shito, Satoshi Matsumoto, Hiroshi Shimizu

    Earth, Planets and Space   73 ( 1 )   2021.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-020-01340-w

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  • The 2018 phreatic eruption at Mt. Motoshirane of Kusatsu–Shirane volcano, Japan: eruption and intrusion of hydrothermal fluid observed by a borehole tiltmeter network

    Akihiko Terada, Wataru Kanda, Yasuo Ogawa, Taishi Yamada, Mare Yamamoto, Takahiro Ohkura, Hiroshi Aoyama, Tomoki Tsutsui, Shin’ya Onizawa

    Earth, Planets and Space   73 ( 1 )   2021.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    <title>Abstract</title>We estimate the mass and energy budgets for the 2018 phreatic eruption of Mt. Motoshirane on Kusatsu–Shirane volcano, Japan, based on data obtained from a network of eight tiltmeters and weather radar echoes. The tilt records can be explained by a subvertical crack model. Small craters that were formed by previous eruptions are aligned WNW–ESE, which is consistent with the strike of the crack modeled in this study. The direction of maximum compressive stress in this region is horizontal and oriented WNW–ESE, allowing fluid to intrude from depth through a crack with this orientation. Based on the crack model, hypocenter distribution, and MT resistivity structure, we infer that fluid from a hydrothermal reservoir at a depth of 2 km below Kusatsu–Shirane volcano has repeatedly ascended through a pre-existing subvertical crack. The inflation and deflation volumes during the 2018 eruption are estimated to have been 5.1 × 105 and 3.6 × 105 m3, respectively, meaning that 1.5 × 105 m3 of expanded volume formed underground. The total heat associated with the expanded volume is estimated to have been ≥ 1014 J, similar to or exceeding the annual heat released from Yugama Crater Lake of Mt. Shirane and that from the largest eruption during the past 130 year. Although the ejecta mass of the 2018 phreatic eruption was small, the eruption at Mt. Motoshirane was not negligible in terms of the energy budget of Kusatsu–Shirane volcano. A water mass of 0.1–2.0 × 107 kg was discharged as a volcanic cloud, based on weather radar echoes, which is smaller than the mass associated with the deflation. We suggest that underground water acted as a buffer against the sudden intrusion of hydrothermal fluids, absorbing some of the fluid that ascended through the crack.

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-021-01475-4

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    Other Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-021-01475-4/fulltext.html

  • Locating hydrothermal fluid injection of the 2018 phreatic eruption at Kusatsu-Shirane volcano with volcanic tremor amplitude

    Taishi Yamada, Aika K. Kurokawa, Akihiko Terada, Wataru Kanda, Hideki Ueda, Hiroshi Aoyama, Takahiro Ohkura, Yasuo Ogawa, Toshikazu Tanada

    Earth, Planets and Space   73 ( 1 )   2021.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    <title>Abstract</title>Kusatsu-Shirane volcano hosts numerous thermal springs, fumaroles, and the crater lake of Yugama. Hence, it has been a particular study field for hydrothermal systems and phreatic eruptions. On 23 January 2018, a phreatic eruption occurred at the Motoshirane cone of Kusatsu-Shirane, where no considerable volcanic activity had been reported in observational and historical records. To understand the eruption process of this unique event, we analyzed seismic, tilt, and infrasound records. The onset of surface activity accompanied by infrasound signal was preceded by volcanic tremor and inflation of the volcano for ~ 2 min. Tremor signals with a frequency band of 5–20 Hz remarkably coincide with the rapid inflation. We apply an amplitude source location method to seismic signals in the 5–20 Hz band to estimate tremor source locations. Our analysis locates tremor sources at 1 km north of Motoshirane and at a depth of 0.5–1 km from the surface. Inferred source locations correspond to a conductive layer of impermeable cap-rock estimated by magnetotelluric investigations. An upper portion of the seismogenic region suggests hydrothermal activity hosted beneath the cap-rock. Examined seismic signals in the 5–20 Hz band are typically excited by volcano-tectonic events with faulting mechanism. Based on the above characteristics and background, we interpret that excitation of examined volcanic tremor reflects small shear fractures induced by sudden hydrothermal fluid injection to the cap-rock layer. The horizontal distance of 1 km between inferred tremor sources and Motoshirane implies lateral migration of the hydrothermal fluid, although direct evidence is not available. Kusatsu-Shirane has exhibited unrest at the Yugama lake since 2014. However, the inferred tremor source locations do not overlap active seismicity beneath Yugama. Therefore, our result suggests that the 2018 eruption was triggered by hydrothermal fluid injection through a different pathway from that has driven unrest activities at Yugama.

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-020-01349-1

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    Other Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40623-020-01349-1/fulltext.html

  • Estimation of spatial distribution and fluid fraction of a potential supercritical geothermal reservoir by magnetotelluric data: a case study from Yuzawa geothermal field, NE Japan

    Keiichi Ishizu, Yasuo Ogawa, Keishi Nunohara, Noriyoshi Tsuchiya, Masahiro Ichiki, Hideaki Hase, Wataru Kanda, Shinya Sakanaka, Yoshimori Honkura, Yuta Hino, Kaori Seki, Kuo Hsuan Tseng, Yusuke Yamaya, Toru mogi

    2021.8

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    Publisher:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1002/essoar.10507736.1

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  • Aeromagnetic survey in Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, central Japan, by using an unmanned helicopter Reviewed International journal

    Takao Koyama, Wataru Kanda, Mitsuru Utsugi, Takayuki Kaneko, Takao Ohminato, Atsushi Watanabe, Hiroshi Tsuji, Taro Nishimoto, Alexey Kuvshinov, Yoshiaki Honda

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   73 ( 1 )   2021.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-021-01466-5

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  • Anatomy of active volcanic edifice at the Kusatsu–Shirane volcano, Japan, by magnetotellurics: hydrothermal implications for volcanic unrests

    Kuo Hsuan Tseng, Yasuo Ogawa, Nurhasan, Sabri Bülent Tank, Naoto Ujihara, Yoshimori Honkura, Akihiko Terada, Yoshiya Usui, Wataru Kanda

    Earth, Planets and Space   72 ( 1 )   2020.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-020-01283-2

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  • Three-dimensional electrical resistivity structure of the Kuju volcanic group, Central Kyushu, Japan revealed by magnetotelluric survey data

    Sabry Abdallah, Mitsuru Utsugi, Koki Aizawa, Makoto Uyeshima, Wataru Kanda, Takao Koyama, Taro Shiotani

    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research   400   2020.8

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106898

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  • Magmatic hydrothermal system inferred from the resistivity structure of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano

    Yasuo Matsunaga, Wataru Kanda, Shinichi Takakura, Takao Koyama, Zenshiro Saito, Kaori Seki, Atsushi Suzuki, Takahiro Kishita, Yusuke Kinoshita, Yasuo Ogawa

    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research   390   2020.1

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106742

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  • Numerical simulations to explain the coseismic electromagnetic signals: a case study for a M5.4 aftershock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

    Yao Chong Sun, Makoto Uyeshima, Hengxin Ren, Qinghua Huang, Koki Aizawa, Kaori Tsukamoto, Wataru Kanda, Kaori Seki, Takahiro Kishita, Takao Ohminato, Atsushi Watanabe, Jiangjun Ran, Xiaofei Chen

    Earth, Planets and Space   71 ( 1 )   2019.12

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-019-1122-7

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  • Installation of New GNSS Network Around Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, Japan: Its Perspective and the First Result Reviewed

    Rina Noguchi, Tatsuji Nishizawa, Wataru Kanda, Takahiro Ohkura, Akihiko Terada

    Journal of Disaster Research   14 ( 5 )   744 - 754   2019.8

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2019.p0744

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  • On the Source Characteristics of Demagnetization and Ground Deformation Associated with Non-magmatic Activity Reviewed

    橋本武志, 宇津木充, 大倉敬宏, 神田径, 寺田暁彦, 三浦哲, 井口正人

    火山   64 ( 2 )   103‐119(J‐STAGE) - 119   2019.6

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Volcanological Society of Japan  

    We collected information on non-magmatic unrest events reported mainly of Japanese volcanoes that have been monitored for extended time periods, with the aim of conducting a statistical evaluation of these phenomena, which can sometimes lead to an eruption. We assessed the geomagnetic field changes and ground deformation, which indicate demagnetization and inflation, respectively. We then compiled the source depth, intensity, and the rate (i.e., magnetic moment rate / deformation rate), based on the single magnetic dipole model or the Mogi model, since these models are the most frequently cited in the literature. We found clear positive correlations between the source depth and its intensity and rate, exhibiting a linear trend on the log-log scatter plots. We confirmed that all the magnetic events and some of the deformation events were plotted markedly above the cutoff line related to the detection limit. We suspected that the geometry of the monitoring network and/or the simplistic point-source modeling could contribute to these positive correlations; otherwise some physical requirements such as subsurface structure might be the cause.

    Although the number of unrest events collected was small, we investigated the validity of the evaluation of these unrest events from different viewpoints. Upward deviation from the linear trend on the scatter plot was found to be a potentially useful criterion, whereas the source depth had no definitive relationship with the subsequent occurrence of eruptions.

    We assert that observable non-magmatic unrest events should be plotted within a diagonal area between the lower-right and upper-left domains in a scatter plot of source intensity (or rate) and depth. This is because weak sources at great depths cannot be detected, while overly strong sources close to the ground surface are physically impossible. In the intermediate zone, “unerupted” and “erupted” unrest events both occur. Based on this idea, we propose a statistical evaluation of the severity of unrest events, by measuring the deviation from the “unerupted unrests”, although this hypothesis must be tested with a sufficient number of unrest events in the future. Meanwhile, care must be taken in interpreting the data collected here, since they are based on the simplified point-source models that assume a uniform half-space, and they may not accurately recreate the physical entities.

    Further studies that can relate the physical conditions and their time evolution in the subsurface to geophysical monitoring records at the ground surface will be necessary to evaluate how such unrest events are related to eruptions.

    DOI: 10.18940/kazan.64.2_103

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  • Significance of electromagnetic surveys at active volcanoes: Toward evaluating the imminence of wet eruptions Reviewed

    Hashimoto, T., Kanda, W., Morita, Y., Hayakawa, M., Tanaka, R., Aoyama, H., Uyeshima, M.

    Journal of Disaster Research   14 ( 4 )   580 - 591   2019.6

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    DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2019.p0580

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  • Variations in thermal state revealed by the geochemistry of fumarolic gases and hot-spring waters of the Tateyama volcanic hydrothermal system, Japan Reviewed

    Seki, K., Ohba, T., Aoyama, S., Ueno, Y., Sumino, H., Kanda, W., Yaguchi, M., Tanbo, T.

    Bulletin of Volcanology   81 ( 2 )   8   2019

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    DOI: 10.1007/s00445-018-1264-7

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  • Water sampling using a drone at Yugama crater lake, Kusatsu-Shirane volcano, Japan Reviewed

    Terada Akihiko, Morita Yuichi, Hashimoto Takeshi, Mori Toshiya, Ohba Takeshi, Yaguchi Muga, Kanda Wataru

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   70   2018.4

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-018-0835-3

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  • Resistivity characterisation of Hakone volcano, Central Japan, by three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion Reviewed

    Yoshimura, Ryokei, Ogawa, Yasuo, Yukutake, Yohei, Kanda, Wataru, Komori, Shogo, Hase, Hideaki, Goto, Tada-nori, Honda, Ryou, Harada, Masatake, Yamazaki, Tomoya, Kamo, Masato, Kawasaki, Shingo, Higa, Tetsuya, Suzuki, Takeshi, Yasuda, Yojiro, Tani, Masanori, Usui, Yoshiya

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   70   2018.4

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-018-0848-y

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  • Three-Dimensional Resistivity Structure of Iwo-Yama Volcano, Kirishima Volcanic Complex, Japan: Relationship to Shallow Seismicity, Surface Uplift, and a Small Phreatic Eruption

    Tsukamoto, K., Aizawa, K., Chiba, K., Kanda, W., Uyeshima, M., Koyama, T., Utsugi, M., Seki, K., Kishita, T.

    Geophysical Research Letters   45   12,828 - 12,828   2018

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    DOI: 10.1029/2018GL080202

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  • Three-dimensional resistivity structure of Asama Volcano revealed by data-space magnetotelluric inversion using unstructured tetrahedral elements Reviewed

    Yoshiya Usui, Yasuo Ogawa, Koki Aizawa, Wataru Kanda, Takeshi Hashimoto, Takao Koyama, Yusuke Yamaya, Tsuneomi Kagiyama

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL   208 ( 3 )   1359 - 1372   2017.3

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    DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggw459

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  • Seismicity controlled by resistivity structure: the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes, Kyushu Island, Japan Reviewed

    Koki Aizawa, Hisafumi Asaue, Katsuaki Koike, Shinichi Takakura, Mitsuru Utsugi, Hiroyuki Inoue, Ryokei Yoshimura, Ken'ichi Yamazaki, Shintaro Komatsu, Makoto Uyeshima, Takao Koyama, Wataru Kanda, Taro Shiotani, Nobuo Matsushima, Maki Hata, Tohru Yoshinaga, Kazunari Uchida, Yuko Tsukashima, Azusa Shito, Shiori Fujita, Asuma Wakabayashi, Kaori Tsukamoto, Takeshi Matsushima, Masahiro Miyazaki, Kentaro Kondo, Kanade Takashima, Takeshi Hashimoto, Makoto Tamura, Satoshi Matsumoto, Yusuke Yamashita, Manami Nakamoto, Hiroshi Shimizu

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   69   2017.1

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-016-0590-2

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  • Observations using an unmanned aerial vehicle in an area in danger of volcanic eruptions at Kuchinoerabu-jima Volcano, southern Kyushu, Japan

    Takao Ohminato, Takayuki Kaneko, Takao Koyama, Atsushi Watanabe, Wataru Kanda, Takeshi Tameguri, Ryunosuke Kazahaya

    Journal of Natural Disaster Science   38 ( 1 )   85 - 104   2017

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    DOI: 10.2328/jnds.38.85

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  • Electrical image of subduction zone beneath northeastern Japan Reviewed

    Masahiro Ichiki, Yasuo Ogawa, Toshiki Kaida, Takao Koyama, Makoto Uyeshima, Tomotsugu Demachi, Satoshi Hirahara, Yoshimori Honkura, Wataru Kanda, Toshio Kono, Masaki Matsushima, Takashi Nakayama, Syuichi Suzuki, Hiroaki Toh

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH   120 ( 12 )   7937 - 7965   2015.12

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    DOI: 10.1002/2015JB012028

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  • Imaging the hydrothermal system beneath the Jigokudani valley, Tateyama volcano, Japan: implications for structures controlling repeated phreatic eruptions from an audio-frequency magnetotelluric survey Reviewed

    Kaori Seki, Wataru Kanda, Yasuo Ogawa, Toshiya Tanbo, Tomokazu Kobayashi, Yuta Hino, Hideaki Hase

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   67   2015.1

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-014-0169-8

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  • Three-dimensional magnetotelluric imaging of crustal fluids and seismicity around Naruko volcano, NE Japan Reviewed

    Yasuo Ogawa, Masahiro Ichiki, Wataru Kanda, Masaaki Mishina, Koichi Asamori

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   66   2014.12

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40623-014-0158-y

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  • Hydrothermal system in the Tatun Volcano Group, northern Taiwan, inferred from crustal resistivity structure by audio-magnetotellurics Reviewed

    Komori, S., Utsugi, M., Kagiyama, T., Inoue, H., Chen, C.-H., Chiang, H.-T., Chao, B.F., Yoshimura, R., Kanda, W.

    Progress in Earth and Planetary Science   1 ( 1 )   2014.10

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    DOI: 10.1186/s40645-014-0020-7

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  • Three-dimensional resistivity structure and magma plumbing system of the Kirishima Volcanoes as inferred from broadband magnetotelluric data Reviewed

    Koki Aizawa, Takao Koyama, Hideaki Hase, Makoto Uyeshima, Wataru Kanda, Mitsuru Utsugi, Ryokei Yoshimura, Yusuke Yamaya, Takeshi Hashimoto, Ken'ichi Yamazaki, Shintaro Komatsu, Atsushi Watanabe, Koji Miyakawa, Yasuo Ogawa

    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH   119 ( 1 )   198 - 215   2014.1

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    DOI: 10.1002/2013JB010682

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  • Heterogeneous resistivity structure around high seismicity regions in Hakone volcano, Japan

    R. Yoshimura, Y. Ogawa, Y. Yukutake, W. Kanda, S. Komori, T. Goto, R. Honda, M. Harada, T. Yamazaki, M. Kamo, Y. Yasuda, M. Tani

    Extended Abstract of 5th International Symposium on Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics (3DEM-5)   2013.5

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  • Shallow Resistivity Structure of Sakurajima Volcano Revealed by Audio-frequency Magnetotellurics Reviewed

    KANDA Wataru, YAMAZAKI Tomoya, OGAWA Yasuo, HASHIMOTO Takeshi, SAKANAKA Shin'ya, AIZAWA Koki, TAKAKURA Shinichi, KOYAMA Takao, YAMADA Kenta, KOBAYASHI Tsukasa, KOMORI Shogo

    BULLETIN OF THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   58 ( 1 )   251 - 267   2013

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    An audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) survey was conducted at the foot of Sakurajima volcano in November 2007. This survey was carried out within the framework of the 7th National Project for Prediction of Volcano Eruptions. The main objective was to clarify the shallow layers of Sakurajima volcano for better understanding of the volcanic activity. We measured electromagnetic fields at frequencies from 1 to 10400 Hz at 27 locations along only three lines set on the northern, western, and southeastern flanks of the volcano. The three profiles enclosed the summit area where access is prohibited because of frequent explosive vulcanian eruptions. The data quality was generally considered to be good at frequencies higher than 2 Hz. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3-D) modeling approaches were applied to the data. As a result of 3-D modeling, we obtained the following features in the resistivity model. The surface layer showed a high resistivity from several hundreds to thousands of ohm-meters and corresponded to the lava. This surface layer covered a highly conductive layer with a resistivity of less than tens of ohm-meters, interpreted as containing seawater or groundwater. However, the basement structure was not clearly detected, except for in an area of northern Sakurajima. The first lava layer was distributed thickly in northern and western parts of Sakurajima, and the boundary between the first and second layers was typically located at around sea level. The conductive second layer was found at deeper levels beneath areas such as the Haruta-yama lava dome and the Nabe-yama pumice cone. This depression of the low resistivity layer is probably caused by the fracture zone associated with previous eruptions, which is formed above the conductive layer. In the proximity of Hikino-hira lava dome and the Taisho crater, the second conductive layer was found at a depth shallower than sea level, suggesting that a hydrothermal system has developed underneath this area. In contrast, elevation of the second layer was not seen on the side of Taisho crater located nearest to the edge of Nabe-yama, implying that a heat source is not present beneath the eastern foot of Sakurajima.

    DOI: 10.18940/kazan.58.1_251

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  • Magnetotelluric and temperature monitoring after the 2011 sub-Plinian eruptions of Shinmoe-dake volcano Reviewed

    Koki Aizawa, Takao Koyama, Makoto Uyeshima, Hideaki Hase, Takeshi Hashimoto, Wataru Kanda, Ryokei Yoshimura, Mitsuru Utsugi, Yasuo Ogawa, Ken'ichi Yamazaki

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   65 ( 6 )   539 - 550   2013

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    DOI: 10.5047/eps.2013.05.008

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  • Temporal changes in electrical resistivity at Sakurajima volcano from continuous magnetotelluric observations Reviewed

    Koki Aizawa, Wataru Kanda, Yasuo Ogawa, Masato Iguchi, Akihiko Yokoo, Hiroshi Yakiwara, Takayuki Sugano

    JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH   199 ( 1-2 )   165 - 175   2011.1

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.11.003

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  • Temporal magnetic changes possibly due to cooling magmas as revealed by repeat helicopter-borne magnetic surveys over an active volcano Reviewed

    Hashimoto, T, M. Utsugi, T. Nakatsuka, S. Okuma, T. Koyama, W. Kanda

    Proceedings of the 10th SEGJ International Symposium, Kyoto   276 - 279   2011

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  • Magnetotelluric pulses generated by volcanic lightning at Sakurajima volcano, Japan Reviewed

    Koki Aizawa, Akihiko Yokoo, Wataru Kanda, Yasuo Ogawa, Masato Iguchi

    GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS   37   2010.9

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    DOI: 10.1029/2010GL044208

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  • Numerical simulation of piezomagnetic changes associated with hydrothermal pressurization Reviewed

    Ayako Okubo, Wataru Kanda

    GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL   181 ( 3 )   1343 - 1361   2010.6

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    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04580.x

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  • Apparent magnetization intensity map on Sakurajima Volcano, Kyushu, Japan, inferred from low-altitude, high-density helicopter-borne aeromagnetic surveys Reviewed

    Ayako Okubo, Wataru Kanda, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Kazuhiro Ishihara, Daisuke Miki, Mitsuru Utsugi, Tetsuro Takayama, Masayo Fukushima

    TECTONOPHYSICS   478 ( 1-2 )   34 - 42   2009.11

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.07.020

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  • Interpretation of self-potential on Kaimondake volcano in consideration of zeta potential variation of the volcanic rocks Reviewed

    長谷英彰, 石戸経士, 神田径, 森真陽

    物理探査   61 ( 4 )   301 - 312   2008.8

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  • Resistivity structure of Unzen Volcano derived from time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) survey Reviewed

    Wahyu Srigutomo, Tsuneomi Kagiyama, Wataru Kanda, Hiroshi Munekane, Takeshi Hashimoto, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Hisashi Utada, Mitsuru Utsugi

    JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH   175 ( 1-2 )   231 - 240   2008.7

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.03.033

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  • Shallow resistivity structure of Asama Volcano and its implications for magma ascent process in the 2004 eruption Reviewed

    Koki Aizawa, Yasuo Ogawa, Takeshi Hashimoto, Takao Koyama, Wataru Kanda, Yusuke Yamaya, Masaaki Mishina, Tsuneomi Kagiyama

    JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH   173 ( 3-4 )   165 - 177   2008.6

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.016

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  • Magnetization Intensity Distribution in the Western Unzen Region, Kyushu, Japan, Inferred from a Helicopter-borne Aeromagnetic Survey Reviewed

    OKUBO Ayako, TANAKA Yoshikazu, KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, UTSUGI Mitsuru, KANDA Wataru

    BULLETIN OF THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   51 ( 3 )   175 - 181   2006

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    A helicopter-borne, aeromagnetic survey was performed in October 2004 over the western Unzen region, Kyushu, Japan. The survey was flown at an altitude of about 1100m above sea level along north-south survey lines and east-west tie lines, spaced 500m and 1000m apart, respectively. The observed aeromagnetic anomalies were reduced onto a constant surface of 1500m above sea level. Then, a magnetization intensity distribution was estimated, assuming that it varies only laterally. The characteristics of the magnetization intensity distribution are summarized as follows;(1) The hydrothermally altered areas of Unzen hot spring, Ii-Dake, Shimo-Dake, and Kami-Dake show magnetization lows, which indicates that high temperature fluids associated with hydrothermal activities reduce the rock magnetization. These fluids are likely to migrate through E-W trending faults developed inside the Unzen graben.(2) Magnetization lows lie outside of the Unzen graben, corresponding to debris flow deposits and pyroclastic-flow deposits of the Older Unzen (500-150ka). In contrast, magnetization highs are distributed in the northern part region of Azuma-Dake and Hachimaki-Yama and around Takaiwa-Yama, where the lava of the Older Unzen (500-300ka) is exposed. (3) Magnetization lows, corresponding to fan deposits of the Older Unzen (500-300ka), are distributed along the Chijiwa fault.

    DOI: 10.18940/kazan.51.3_175

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  • Study of Deep Sounding Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) Method Using Horizontal Electric Dipole to Infer Subsurface Resistivity Structure Reviewed

    Wahyu Srigutomo, Tsuneomi Kagiyama, Wataru Kanda, Hisashi Utada

    Indonesian Journal of Physics   16 ( 4 )   115 - 125   2005.10

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  • Hydrothermal system beneath Mt. Fuji volcano inferred from magnetotellurics and electric self-potential Reviewed

    Aizawa, K., Yoshimura, R., Oshiman, N., Yamazaki, K., Uto, T., Ogawa, Y., Tank, S.B., Kanda, W., Sakanaka, S., Furukawa, Y., Hashimoto, T., Uyeshima, M., Ogawa, T., Shiozaki, I., Hurst, A.W.

    Earth and Planetary Science Letters   235 ( 1-2 )   343 - 355   2005.6

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.023

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  • Hydrothermal system beneath Aso volcano as inferred from self-potential mapping and resistivity structure Reviewed

    Hase, H., Hashimoto, T., Sakanaka, S., Kanda, W., Tanaka, Y.

    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research   143 ( 4 )   259 - 277   2005

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.005

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  • Magma supply & emission system of Unzen Volcano deduced from resistivity structure

    Kagiyama, Tsuneomi, Srigutomo, Wahyu, Kanda, Wataru, Hashimoto, Takeshi, Tanaka, Yoshikazu, Ogawa, Tsutomu, Utsugi, Mitsuru

    Extended Abstract of international workshop on Unzen Scientific Drilling Project 2005   41 - 42   2005

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  • Self-potential anomaly of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano Reviewed

    W Kanda, S Mori

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   54 ( 3 )   231 - 237   2002

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  • Electric field polarization around Ioannina VAN station, Greece, inferred from a resistivity mapping Reviewed

    W Kanda, M Uyeshima, J Makris, Y Orihara, H Hase, T Nagao, S Uyeda

    PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS   119 ( 3-4 )   269 - 283   2000.5

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    DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9201(00)00138-2

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  • Geoelectric potential difference monitoring in southern Sumatra, Indonesia - Co-seismic change Reviewed

    T Mogi, Y Tanaka, DS Widarto, EM Arsadi, NT Puspito, T Nagao, W Kanda, S Uyeda

    EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE   52 ( 4 )   245 - 252   2000

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    DOI: 10.1186/BF03351633

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  • Directional properties of VAN's SES and ULF MT signals at Ioannina, Greece Reviewed

    M Uyeshima, W Kanda, T Nagao, Y Kono

    PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS   105 ( 3-4 )   153 - 166   1998.1

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    DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9201(97)00088-5

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  • Resistivity Structure of the Central and the Southeastern Part of Kirishima Volcanoes Reviewed

    KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, ICHIKI Masahiro, YUKUTAKE Takeshi, MOGI Tohru, AMITA Kazuhiro, OSHIMAN Naoto, MISHINA Masaaki, UTADA Hisashi, UYESHIMA Makoto, MASUTANI Fumio, KANDA Wataru, TANAKA Yoshikazu, MASUDA Hideharu, MURAKAMI Hideki, SHIOZAKI Ichiro

    BULLETIN OF THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   41 ( 5 )   215 - 225   1996

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:The Volcanological Society of Japan  

    Kirishima Volcanoes, located in southern Kyushu, are a group of more than 20 volcanoes. At least 3 volcanoes have historic records of eruptions, and more than 10 volcanoes were active within the past 22,000 years. This suggests that Kirishima is a multi-active volcanic group, which might have a complex system of magma supply. Therefore, it is interesting to reveal the structure and the magma supply system for the further understanding of volcanic processes including locations of magma reservoirs, magma rising process before eruptions and causes of related phenomena. In 1994, a joint experiment was conducted on Kirishima Volcanoes by a group of scientists from national universities under the National Research Project for the Prediction of Volcanic Eruptions. The experiment was carried out by seismological, electromagnetic and other geophysical and geochemical methods. This paper presents a resistivity structure of Kirishima Volcanoes revealed by a magnetotelluric (MT) survey and discusses a magma supply system. MT survey was conducted by using more than 10 sets of portable MT instmment to reveal the resistivity structure of the central and the southeastern part of Kirishima Volcanoes. This survey follows the previous survey in 1993 by Utada et al. (1994a), which covered the northern and the central part of Kirishima. Simultaneous magnetic and electric field variations were measured in the ULF, ELF and VLF bands.

    DOI: 10.18940/kazan.41.5_215

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  • A deep transient EM experiment in the Northern part of Miyagi Prefecture, Northeastern Japan

    Wataru Kanda, Hisashi Utada, Masaaki Mishina, Norihiko Sumitomo

    Earth, Planets and Space   48 ( 10 )   1265 - 1280   1996

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  • 2025年草津白根山活発化に伴う地磁気変化

    浅利晴紀, 谷口秀隆, 神田径

    Conductivity Anomaly 研究会論文集 2025   2026.7

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  • 2019年MT観測データに基づく三宅島火山のマグマ熱水系の再解釈

    松永 康生, 小山 崇夫, 上嶋 誠, Marceau GRESSE, 小西 弥市, 荒木 陽輔, 神田 径, Tao YE, 浅利 浅利, 飯野 英樹, 高橋 幸祐, 星原 一航, 森田 裕一

    Conductivity Anomaly 研究会論文集 2023   59 - 59   2024.7

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  • 安達太良山沼ノ平火口における浅部熱水系の解明(序報)

    川田 大誠, 神田 径, 市來 雅啓, 長池 広樹, 石吾 樹生

    Conductivity Anomaly 研究会論文集 2023   40 - 42   2024.7

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  • AMT survey around the 2018 eruption craters of Mt. Motoshirane

    本田明紗海, 神田径, 小山崇夫, 高倉伸一, 松永康生, 西澤達治, 池澤賢志

    Conductivity Anomaly研究会論文集   2021   2021

  • 2018年草津白根火山噴火に関する総合調査 --草津白根山火山噴火から1年--

    小川 康雄, 青山 裕, 山本 希, 筒井 智樹, 寺田 暁彦, 大倉 敬宏, 神田 径, 小山 崇夫, 金子 隆之, 大湊 隆雄, 石崎泰男, 吉本 充宏, 石峯 康浩, 野上 健治, 森 俊哉, 木川田 喜一, 片岡 香子, 松元 高峰, 上石 勲, 山口 悟, 伊藤 陽一, 常松 佳恵

    自然災害科学総合シンポジウム講演論文集   ( 56 )   1 - 5   2019.9

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    2019年9月11日(水), 於 : キャンパスプラザ京都 第1講義室草津白根山では, 近年の火山活動が湯釜火口周辺に限定されていた。2014年からは, 湯釜火口周辺で活動が高まり, 山体の膨張を伴う地震活動, 熱活動, 火山ガス成分の変化が観測され, 2年後には活動が終息した。一方で, 1500年間活動のなかった本白根山鏡池北火口で, 2018年1月23日に顕著な前駆的活動を伴わない水蒸気噴火が発生し, 人的な被害が生じた。この噴火を受けて2018年度, 2019年度に, 地震学・測地学・地球電磁気学・地球化学・地質学に渡る科研費研究が実施された。噴火に先立って前兆的な現象の有無について, それぞれの分野で検討がなされた。また水蒸気噴火後にマグマ噴火への移行の可能性もありモニタリング研究を継続したが, 現状では, 本白根火山鏡池北火口の再活動の兆しは見当たらない。一方, 草津白根山湯釜火口付近は, 2018年4月, 同9月, 2019年5月に傾斜変動を伴う地震活動が発生し, 再び活動的になってきている。

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  • Aeromagnetic survey in Kusatsu-Shirane volcano by using unmanned helicopter

    小山崇夫, 神田径, 宇津木充, 金子隆之, 大湊隆雄, 渡邉篤志, 辻浩, 西本太郎, 本多嘉明

    Conductivity Anomaly研究会論文集   2019   2019

  • 2018年草津白根山噴火に関する総合調査

    小川 康雄, 青山 裕, 山本 希, 筒井 智樹, 寺田 暁彦, 大倉 敬宏, 神田 径, 小山 崇夫, 金子 隆之, 大湊 隆雄, 石崎 泰男, 吉本 充宏, 石峯 康浩, 野上 健治, 森 俊哉, 木川田 喜一, 片岡 香子, 松元 高峰, 上石 勲, 山口 悟, 伊藤 陽一, 常松 佳恵

    自然災害科学総合シンポジウム講演論文集   ( 55 )   25 - 30   2018.9

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    平成30年9月18日(火), 於 : 京都大学宇治おうばくプラザきはだホール2018年1月23日10時02分に草津白根山を構成する3山体(白根山・逢ノ峰・本白根山)の一つである本白根山鏡池北火口で1500年ぶりの噴火が発生し, 噴石により人的な被害が発生した。この噴火は顕著な前駆的活動を伴わない水蒸気噴火であった。近年の草津白根火山では, 白根山湯釜水釜火口を中心とする水蒸気噴火活動が顕著で, 火山観測は白根山に集中している。一方で, 今回噴火した本白根山では, これまでの最新の噴火が鏡池北火口での1500年前のマグマ噴火であって, 近年, 鏡池北火口付近には顕著な地熱活動は記録されていない。今回の突発的な噴火を受けて, 以下の3点を明らかにするために総合調査を行った。(1)顕著な前駆的な活動がない水蒸気噴火プロセスの解明(2)今後の火山活動の推移の予測, 特にマグマが噴出する可能性の予測(3)融雪泥流発生リスクの評価。これらの研究のために, 地震観測, 地盤変動観測, 熱観測, 噴出物観測, 地球化学観測, 融雪泥流評価を実施した。これまでの研究成果について報告する。

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  • 草津白根火山2018年1月23日噴火による降灰分布

    金子 隆之, 神田 径, 寺田 暁彦, 野上 健治

    火山噴火予知連絡会会報   129   2018

  • Recent advances in proximal observations at active volcanoes using unmanned autonomous helicopter

    大湊隆雄, 金子隆之, 小山崇夫, 渡邉篤志, 安田敦, 武尾実, 青木陽介, 柳澤孝寿, 本多嘉明, 梶原康司, 神田径, 為栗健, 風早竜之介, 篠原宏志

    Conductivity Anomaly研究会論文集   2018   2018

  • Reconstruction of the Seismic Observation Network at the Summit Area of Kuchinoerabu-jima by Using an Unmanned Helicopter

    大湊隆雄, 金子隆之, 小山崇夫, 渡邉篤志, 神田径, 為栗健

    京都大学防災研究所年報(CD-ROM)   ( 59 )   ROMBUNNO.59B,10   2016.9

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  • Resistivity structure beneath the fumarolic area of Nasu-Chausudake inferred from the DC resistivity survey

    木下貴裕, 神田径, 高倉伸一, 関香織, 松永康生

    Conductivity Anomaly研究会論文集   2016   78‐83   2016

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  • Geomagnetic changes during the 2014 activity of Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano

    松永康生, 神田径, 小山崇夫, 小川康雄

    Conductivity Anomaly研究会論文集   2015   67‐74   2015.3

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  • AMT survey around the Kusatsu-Bandaiko hot spring

    神田 径, 高倉 伸一, 小山 崇夫

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   87 - 91   2014

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  • Resistivity structure around the Jigokudani valley, Tateyama volcano, Japan, inferred from Audio-frequency magnetotellurics

    関 香織, 神田 径, 小川 康雄

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   9 - 12   2014

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  • Three-dimensional shallow resistivity structure of Sakurajima volcano

    神田 径, 小川 康雄, 高倉 伸一

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   139 - 144   2013

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  • AMT Observations over the Seismic Active Region in Hakone Volcano-Preliminary Results

    吉村令慧, 小川康雄, 行竹洋平, 山崎友也, 加茂正人, 神田径, 小森省吾, 後藤忠徳, 本多亮, 原田昌武, 安田陽二郎, 谷昌憲

    京都大学防災研究所年報(CD-ROM)   ( 55 )   ROMBUNNO.55B,13 - 111   2012.9

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  • Complementary AMT Observations around the 2013 Swarm Activity in Hakone Volcano

    吉村 令慧, 行竹 洋平, 神田 径, 長谷 英彰, 比嘉 哲也, 鈴木 健士, 川崎 慎吾, 山崎 友也

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 56 )   153 - 156   2012

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    Inside the caldera of the Hakone volcano, earthquake swarm (over 1, 800 events) and crustal deformation (ground inflation) were observed from January to February, 2013. The swarm activities were concentrated around the fumarolic area (Owakudani) and the central cones (Mts. Kamiyama and Komagatake). In order to reveal fine subsurface electrical structure, we carried out complementary audio-frequency magnetotelluric measurements at 15 sites in the end of April 2013. As the result of provisional remote-reference processing using local sites, we obtained fair magnetotelluric responses at most sites.

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    Other Link: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181554

  • Conductivity structure beneath Chi-shing volcano in Tatun volcaic area, Taiwan, Annual Rep. Inst. Geotherm. Sci. Kyoto Univ.

    宇津木 充, 鍵山 恒臣, 神田 径

    Annual Rep. Inst. Geotherm. Sci. Kyoto Univ.   FY2011   40 - 42   2012

  • 観測紹介(霧島山広帯域MT観測)

    相澤広記, 小山崇夫, 長谷英彰, 上嶋誠, 橋本武志, 神田径, 小川康雄, 宇津木充, 吉村令慧

    物理探査ニュース   ( 12 )   1 - 2   2011.10

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  • 2011年霧島火山(新燃岳)噴火に関する総合調査―噴火準備過程,噴火現象,噴火に伴う土砂災害―

    中田節也, 森田裕一, 清水洋, 宮町宏樹, 中道治久, 大久保修平, 石原和弘, 中尾茂, 大倉敬宏, 植木貞人, 大島弘光, 上嶋誠, 橋本武志, 鍵山恒臣, 神田径, 野上健治, 森俊哉, 小林哲夫, 宮縁育夫, 下川悦郎, 地頭薗隆, 清水収

    自然災害科学総合シンポジウム要旨集   48th   1 - 6   2011.9

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  • AMT Observations over the Seismic Active Region in Hakone Volcano : Preliminary Results

    吉村 令慧, 小川 康雄, 行竹 洋平, 山崎 友也, 加茂 正人, 神田 径, 小森 省吾, 後藤 忠徳, 本多 亮, 原田 昌武, 安田 陽二郎, 谷 昌憲

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 55 )   105 - 111   2011

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    2011年3月11日の東北地方太平洋沖地震の発生を受けて,誘発的地震活動の活発化の見られた箱根火山地域において,その発生域の構造的特徴を把握するために,2011年12月に計39観測点でのAudio-frequency Magnetotelluric (AMT) 法探査を実施した。既存の広帯域MT法探査のデータも加え,位相テンソル楕円・インダクションベクトルを各周期で求めたところ,駒ヶ岳直下ならびに金時山南方に良導体の存在を示唆する結果が得られた。この領域は,東北地方太平洋沖地震に即時応答して活動度が高まった場所に対応する。Seismicity around the Hakone volcano was activated just after the arrival of surface waves caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Most of these triggered earthquakes had similar distribution to prior occasional swarm activities. In order to image electrical properties around such seismic events, we carried out audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) measurements at 39 sites in December 2011. As the result of remote-reference processing using local sites, we obtained fair sounding curves at most sites for frequencies higher than 1Hz. The spatial distribution of the induction vectors and the phase tensor ellipses suggests that conductive bodies may lie beneath the remarkable regions in which the seismicity increased abruptly just after the occurrence of the Tohoku Earthquake.

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  • Magnetic changes on Usu Volcano detected by repeat airborne surveys

    Hashimoto, T, M. Utsugi, T. Nakatsuka, S. Okuma, T. Koyama, W. Kanda, A. Suzuki

    Conductivity Anomaly Research   21 - 28   2011

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  • Magnetotelluric pulses generated by volcanic lightning at Sakurajima volcano, Japan (火山活動域でのイメージング)

    相澤 広記, 横尾 亮彦, 神田 径

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   12 - 16   2010

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  • MT連続観測による桜島地下浅部の比抵抗変化

    相澤広記, 神田径, 小川康雄, 井口正人, 横尾亮彦, 八木原寛, 菅野貴之

    桜島火山における多項目観測に基づく火山噴火準備過程解明のための研究 平成21年度報告書 , pp. 73-80   2010

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  • Some theoretical calculations on Volcano Loop

    長竹 宏之, 小川 康雄, 神田 径

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   18 - 23   2010

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  • P51 Magnetotelluric surveys in and around the Aira caldera (2)

    Kanda W., Tank S. B., Kaya T., Ogawa Y., Kasaya T., Yakiwara H., Ichihara H., Hashimoto T., Koyama T., Utsugi M., Inoue H., Sonoda T.

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   2010   143 - 143   2010

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    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.2010.0_143

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  • Numerical simulation of piezomagnetic changes associated with hydrothermal pressurization and its application to volcanomagnetic variations observed at Merapi Volcano (地球電磁気学の諸問題)

    Okubo Ayako, Kanda Wataru

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   104 - 107   2009

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  • 広帯域MT観測から推定される阿蘇カルデラの比抵抗構造 Reviewed

    宇津木充, 鍵山恒臣, 小森省吾, 井上寛之, 橋本武志, 小山崇夫, 小川康雄, 神田径, 山崎友也, 長町信吾, 石田 憲久

    第4回阿蘇火山の集中総合観測報告書   2009

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  • 3D self-potential simulation for Kaimondake volcano

    長谷 英彰, 石戸 経士, 神田 径

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   78 - 83   2008

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  • 第10回 桜島火山の集中総合観測 桜島火山および姶良カルデラにおける空中磁気観測

    宇津木充, 井上寛之, 神田径, 石原弘和, 高山鐵朗, 為栗健, 大久保綾子, 小山崇夫, 田中良和

    第10回桜島火山の集中総合観測 平成19年6月-平成20年3月   75 - 82   2008

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  • 第10回 桜島火山の集中総合観測 桜島火山2007年‐2005年空中磁気データから検出された磁気異常変化

    大久保綾子, 中塚正, 宇津木充, 田中良和, 井上寛之, 神田径, 為栗健, 石原和弘, 高山鐵朗, 小山崇夫, HURST A. W

    第10回桜島火山の集中総合観測 平成19年6月-平成20年3月   83 - 87   2008

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  • Aeromagnetic anomaly change detected from the Sakurajima Volcano 2007 and 2005 data

    大久保 綾子, 宇津木 充, 神田 径

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   73 - 76   2008

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  • Development of thermomagnetic and piezomagnetic models associated with hydrothermal fluid circulation in consideration of terrain effects

    大久保 綾子, 神田 径, 中塚 正

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   67 - 72   2008

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  • 第10回 桜島火山の集中総合観測 桜島火山におけるAMT法比抵抗構造調査

    神田径, 山崎友也, 橋本武志, 坂中伸也, 山田健太, 小川康雄, 相澤広記, 高倉伸二, 小山崇夫, 小林宰, 小森省吾

    第10回桜島火山の集中総合観測 平成19年6月-平成20年3月   89 - 104   2008

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  • 2007年度桜島集中観測−電磁気構造探査序報

    神田 径, 橋本武志, Tony Hurst, 坂中伸也, 山田健太, 小川康雄, 相澤広記, 高倉伸一, 大久保綾子, 小山崇夫, 小林 宰, 田中良和, 宇津木 充, 井上寛之, 小森省吾, 石原和弘, 山崎友也, 高山鉄朗, 為栗 健

    CA研究会2008年論文集   131 - 134   2008

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  • 桜島火山における空中磁気探査と岩石磁気測定

    大久保綾子, 田中良和, 神田 径, 石原和弘, 味喜大介, 宇津木 充, 高山鉄朗, 福嶋麻沙代

    CA研究会2007年論文集   143 - 146   2007

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  • On the objective of aeromagnetic survey over the Aira caldera

    神田 径, 石原 和弘

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   148 - 155   2007

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  • High-resolution aeromagnetic survey and rock magnetic measurements in Sakurajima Volcano

    大久保 綾子, 田中 良和, 神田 径

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   144 - 147   2007

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  • 空中磁気探査から推定された桜島火山の磁化強度分布

    大久保綾子, 田中良和, 神田 径, 石原和弘, 宇津木 充

    火山爆発のダイナミックス平成18年度研究成果報告書   ( 5 )   31 - 33   2007

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  • 爆発発生場の比抵抗構造(2) -九重と阿蘇の比較-

    神田 径, 田中良和, 宇津木 充, 岡田靖章, 井上寛之

    火山爆発のダイナミックス平成18年度研究成果報告書   ( 5 )   41 - 46   2007

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  • Short note for local long-term variations of the geomagnetic total field

    藤井 郁子, 神田 径

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   197 - 200   2007

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  • Modeling of piezomagnetic effect associated with hydrothermal pressurization

    大久保 綾子, 神田 径, 石原 和弘

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   167 - 174   2007

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  • Numerical Simulation of Volcanomagnetic Effects due to Hydrothermal Activity

    大久保 綾子, 神田 径, 石原 和弘

    京都大学防災研究所年報. C = Disaster Prevention Research Institute annuals. C   49 ( 0 )   211 - 217   2006.4

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    マグマ貫入後の熱水流動のシミュレーションを行い,熱水系の消長によって地表での地磁気がどのように変化するかを数値的に評価した。シミュレーションで得られる温度分布から火山体内部の磁化分布を見積もり,地表での地磁気変化を計算するポストプロセッサーを開発し,マグマの貫入の深さおよび浸透率が地磁気変化に与える影響を調べた。その結果,より浅くマグマが貫入する方が,地磁気変化が大きく,地磁気変化が観測される時間が短いこと,また,浸透率が小さいほうが,地磁気変化が大きく,地磁気変化が観測される時間が長いことがわかった。We have developed a postprocessor to calculate the geomagnetic field variations caused by hydrothermal activities in the volcanic region. They use distributions of temperature inside the volcano, which are results of a numerical simulation for hydrothermal activity after magma intrusion. The most dominant mechanism of volcanomagnetic effects was considered here: thermomagnetic effect. We examined the influences of host rock permeability and depth of magma intrusion on thermomagnetic effect. Results showed that the shallower depth of intrusion causes larger total intensity anomaly and earlier decline of it and that larger anomalies appear at later times in cases of lower permeability host rocks.

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  • 熱水流動を考慮した火山体磁化構造時間変化モデル (地震・火山地域の電磁気構造と変動)

    大久保 綾子, 神田 径, 石原 和弘

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   89 - 93   2006

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  • ホワイトアイランドにおける全磁力連続観測

    神田 径, 橋本武志, 田中良和, 宇津木充, 吉村令慧, ホワイト島火山空中磁気測量チーム

    空中磁気測量による火山性磁場変動の検出(科学研究費補助金・基盤研究(B)研究成果報告書)   49 - 56   2006

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  • 雲仙火山の比抵抗構造から推定されるマグマからの脱ガス

    鍵山恒臣, スリグトモ ワヒュー, 橋本武志, 神田 径, 宗包浩志, 田中良和, 歌田久司, 清水久芳, 宇津木充, 小河 勉, 大湊隆雄

    第2回雲仙火山の集中総合観測報告書   32 - 44   2006

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  • NZ・ホワイトアイランド火山における高密度空中磁気観測

    宇津木充, 田中 良和, 橋本武志, Hurst Anthony White, 神田 径, 松島 健, 吉村令慧

    空中磁気測量による火山性磁場変動の検出(科学研究費補助金・基盤研究(B)研究成果報告書)   150 - 162   2006

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  • Repeated ground magnetic survey on White Island Volcano

    Hashimoto, T, W. Kanda, A.W. Hurst, M. Utsugi, R. Yoshimura, Aeromagnetic survey, team on White Island Volcano

    report of grant-in-aid for scientific research (B) in Japan   107 - 140   2006

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  • 平成17年度浅間山電磁気構造探査の概要

    橋本武志, 茂木 透, 鈴木敦生, 山谷祐介, 三品正明, 中塚 正, 小山悦郎, 小山崇夫, 相澤広記, 平林順一, 松尾元広, 野上建治, 小川康雄, 氏原直人, 鍵山恒臣, 神田 径, 大久保綾子, 田中良和, 宇都智史, 宇津木 充

    CA研究会2006年論文集   79 - 80   2006

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  • 阿蘇中岳周辺の比抵抗構造 (地震・火山地域の電磁気構造と変動)

    神田 径, 田中 良和, 宇津木 充

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   86 - 88   2006

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  • Asama Volcano EM field experiments in 2005

    Hashimoto, T, T. Mogi, A. Suzuki, Y. Yamaya, M. Mishina, T. Nakatsuka, E. Koyama, T. Koyama, K. Aizawa, J. Hirabayashi, M. Matsuo, K. Nogami, Y. Ogawa, N. Ujihara, T. Kagiyama, W. Kanda, A. Okubo, Y. Tanaka, T. Uto, M. Utsugi

    Conductivity Anomaly Research   78 - 79   2006

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  • Numerical Simulation of Volcanomagnetic Effects due to Hydrothermal Activity(2).

    大久保 綾子, 神田 径, 石原 和弘

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 50 )   157 - 164   2006

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  • ゼータ電位を考慮した開聞岳の自然電位解釈 (地震・火山地域の電磁気構造と変動)

    長谷 英彰, 石戸 経士, 神田 径

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   105 - 110   2006

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  • 蓄熱中の火山の比抵抗構造

    神田 径, 田中良和, 宇津木 充, 高倉伸一, 井上寛之, 中坊 真, 日浦 一, 森 健彦, 吉川 慎, 後藤秀作, 長谷中利昭, 重野伸昭, 岡田靖章, 山口慎司, 酒井俊輔, 藤本悠太

    火山爆発のダイナミックス平成16年度研究成果報告書   73 - 76   2005

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  • Study on the Evaluation Method of Volcanic Activity and the Improvement of Volcanic Information: Preliminary Report

    ISHIHARA K, IGUCHI M, MIKI D, YAMAMOTO K, KANDA W, TAMEGURI T, OSHIMA H, HIRABAYASHI J, NOGAMI K

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 47C )   77 - 82   2004.3

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  • 諏訪之瀬島御岳東部の温泉の地球化学

    大野正夫, 神田 径, 宇津木 充, 北田直人, 後藤秀作, 田中良和

    火山爆発のダイナミックス平成15年度研究成果報告書   110 - 111   2004

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  • 地磁気および自然電位による火山爆発場の観測的研究

    神田 径, 田中良和, 宇津木 充, 橋本武志, 北田直人, 後藤秀作, 大野正夫

    火山爆発のダイナミックス平成15年度研究成果報告書   67 - 74   2004

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  • Measurement of vertical geoelectrical potential difference using a borehole near Unzen volcano (2)

    OGAWA Tsutomu, KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, MASUTANI Fumio, KOBAYASHI Tomokazu, TAKAHASHI Yuji, SUGIOKA Manabu, TANAKA Yoshikazu, INOUE Naoto, KANDA Wataru

    Programme and abstracts the Volcanological Society of Japan   2003   133 - 133   2003.10

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  • PRELIMINAR Y RESULTS OF WIDE -BAND MAGNETOTELLURIC SOUNDING IN FUJI VOLCANO, JAPAN

    HURST Tony, TANK S.Bulent

    京都大学防災研究所年報. B = Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annuals. B   46 ( 0 )   729 - 737   2003.4

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    2002年9月, 富士山周辺で広帯域 MT観測を行なった。その結果, 富士山直下深部に低抵抗体が存在することが強く示唆された。現在のところ, データの量, 質とも不十分なため, その低抵抗体の深さや広がりは不明である。しかし予備的な解析によると, 低抵抗体の深さの上面は, 深さ 15キロの深部低周波地震の発生領域と一致するために, マグマ溜りを表している可能性がある。また得られたデータには顕著な異方性が見られる。Wide-band MT soundings in Fuji volcano were carried out September, 2002. Collected data suggestsexistence of low resistivity anomaly deeper part beneath Fuji volcano. A two dimensional inversioncode was applied to data. Preliminary result show that low resitivity body locates at a depth about15-20km which consists with hypo central region of deep low frequency earthquake. This lowresistivity body may be a magma chamber.

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  • An Attempt to Detect the Volcanomagnetic Variation by a Kalman Filter Algorithm

    神田径, 藤井郁子

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 46B )   797 - 803   2003.4

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  • Zeta-Potential Experiments of Rocks in Kyushu Various Volcanoes

    長谷英彰, 石戸経士, 橋本武志, 神田径, 佐藤佳子

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 46B )   787 - 795   2003.4

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  • An attempt to detect the volcanomagnetic variation by a Kalman filter algorithm

    Annuals of the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University   46 ( B )   797 - 803   2003

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  • 地磁気から見た口永良部島火山の蓄熱場

    神田 径, 田中良和, 宇津木 充, 藤井郁子

    火山爆発のダイナミックス平成14年度研究成果報告書   70 - 74   2003

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  • 火山性磁場変動解析ツールの開発(2)全磁力データへの応用 (地磁気分布と時間変化)

    神田 径, 藤井 郁子

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   108 - 117   2003

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  • 火山性磁場変動解析ツールの開発(1)スキーム (地磁気分布と時間変化)

    藤井 郁子, 神田 径

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   98 - 107   2003

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  • カルマンフィルターによる火山性磁場変動検出の試み(共著)

    京都大学防災研究所年報   46 ( B )   797 - 803   2003

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  • 雲仙火山科学掘削 II 第1期の成果と第2期への抱負 電磁気観測から推定される雲仙火山におけるマグマと水の相互作用

    鍵山恒臣, 橋本武志, SRIGUMOTO W, 神田径, 田中良和, 宇津木充

    月刊地球   24 ( 12 )   858 - 865   2002.12

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  • 口永良部島火山におけるMT法比抵抗構造調査 (京都大学防災研究所附属火山活動研究センターS)

    神田径, 森真陽, 坂中伸也, SRIGUTOMO W, 浅利晴紀, 鍵山恒臣

    薩摩硫黄島火山・口永良部島火山の集中総合観測 平成12年8月-平成13年3月   129 - 135   2002

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  • Shallow Structure of the Central Cones of Aso Volcano Inferred from Electromagnetic Explorations

    Hashimoto, T, Y. Tanaka, K. Amita, S. Takakura, W. Kanda, S. Sakanaka, T. Kagiyama

    report of grant-in-aid for scientific research in Japan   2002

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  • Zeta-Potential experiments of rocks in Kyushu various volcanoes

    長谷 英彰, 石戸 経士, 橋本 武志, 神田 径, 佐藤 佳子

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 46 )   787 - 795   2002

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    九州の火山(九重山・開聞岳・雲仙岳・猿葉山)の岩石のゼータ電位を測定した.その結果,九重山サンプルの大半と,雲仙岳・猿葉山サンプルの一部でゼータ電位の符号が正であることが明らかとなった.岩石の主要構成元素とゼータ電位の関係について調べたところ,阿蘇山サンプルで得られた結果と同じく,岩石の構成元素の種類と含有率によってゼータ電位が示唆されていることが明らかとなった.We measured zeta potentials 48 rock samples in Kyushu volcanoes (Kuju:12, Kaimon:11, Unzen:7, Saruba:8). We obtained positive zeta potentials in almost samples of the Kuju and a few samples of Unzen and Saruba. We considered that it can be commonly measure the positive zeta-potential of rocks at many volcanoes. Additionally we found out the correlation between zeta-potential of rocks and Self-potential at each sample area.

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  • An attempt to detect the volcanomagnetic variation by a Kalman filter algorithm

    神田 径, 藤井 郁子

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 46 )   797 - 803   2002

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    火山性の長周期磁場変動を効率よく取り出すための手法の開発を行った。観測時系列は,時間的に滑らかに変動するトレンド,変動周期がおよそ の波群,参照点における地磁気 成分と相関する成分,観測ノイズ,の4つの成分から構成されるとし,各成分に拘束条件を与えて状態空間モデルで定式化し,カルマンフィルターを用いて解いた。この手法を口永良部島で観測された全磁力データへ適用したところ,やや長期の欠測がある場合でも,ある程度の精度で各成分に分解することができ,抽出された観測点毎の変動量から,活動火口周辺直下で熱消磁が続いていることが明らかとなった。A new procedure to extract the long-period volcanomagnetic variation was developed. A time series model including a trend component, a periodic component, an external magnetic field response, and a white noise was considered and separated to each component with a Kalman filter algorithm. The method was applied to the geomagnetic total intensity data observed at Kuchierabujima volcano and worked well against the data with a long-term defect by using the data of a standard geomagnetic observatory as the reference data for the estimation of the geomagnetic field variation of external origin. The extracted trend component of each observation site revealed that thermal demagnetization is going on at depth around the Shindake active crater.

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  • 口永良部島火山における全磁力連続観測 (京都大学防災研究所附属火山活動研究センターS)

    神田径, 田中良和, 宇津木充

    薩摩硫黄島火山・口永良部島火山の集中総合観測 平成12年8月-平成13年3月   109 - 119   2002

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  • 口永良部島火山における空中磁気測量 (京都大学防災研究所附属火山活動研究センターS)

    宇津木充, 田中良和, 神田径, 松島健

    薩摩硫黄島火山・口永良部島火山の集中総合観測 平成12年8月-平成13年3月   121 - 127   2002

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  • 薩摩硫黄島における自然電位・比抵抗調査 (京都大学防災研究所附属火山活動研究センターS)

    神田径, 森真陽

    薩摩硫黄島火山・口永良部島火山の集中総合観測 平成12年8月-平成13年3月   33 - 41   2002

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  • Joint observation of Kuchierabujima volcano, 2000 : Electromagnetic studies

    Kanda W, Tanaka Y, Utsugi M, Sakanaka S, Mori S, Srigutomo W, Asai S, Kagiyama T, Iguchi M, Ishihara K

    Programme and abstracts the Volcanological Society of Japan   2001 ( 2 )   165 - 165   2001.10

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    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.2001.2.0_165

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  • Monitoring geomagnetic total intensity using satellite telecommunication at Kuchierabujima volcano.

    神田径, 田中良和, 宇都木充, 井口正人, 石原和弘

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 44B-1 )   327 - 332   2001.4

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  • 口永良部島火山の集中総合観測--電磁気観測編 (地殻活動電磁気学(主として火山活動に伴うもの))

    神田 径, 田中 良和, 宇津木 充

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   48 - 53   2001

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  • 衛星通信を利用した口永良部島火山における地磁気全磁力連続観測(共著)

    京都大学防災研究所年報   44 ( B1 )   327 - 332   2001

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  • Monitoring geomagnetic total intensity using satellite telecommunication at Kuchierabujima volcano

    Annuals of the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University   44 ( B1,327-332 )   2001

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  • Aeromagnetic survey in Kutierabu-jima Volcano

    Utsugi Mitsuru, Tanaka Yoshikazu, Kanda Wataru, Matsushima Takeshi

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   2001 ( 0 )   166 - 166   2001

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  • P08 Results of Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) Sounding in Eastern Part of Mount Unzen Area, Kyushu

    Srigutomo W., Kagiyama T., Kanda W., Hashimoto T., Munekane H., Tanaka Y., Utsugi M., Ominato T.

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   2001   110 - 110   2001

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    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.2001.2.0_110

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  • Self-potential measurements in Satsuma-Iwojima.

    森真陽, 神田径, 井口正人

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 43B-1 )   7 - 14   2000.9

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  • 薩摩硫黄島の自然電位(共著)

    京都大学防災研究所年報   43 ( B1 )   7 - 14   2000

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  • Monitoring geomagnetic total intensity using satellite telecommunication at Kuchierabujima volcano

    神田 径, 田中 良和, 宇津木 充, 井口 正人, 石原 和弘

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 44 )   327 - 332   2000

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    近年水蒸気爆発が繰り返されてきた口永良部島火山の山頂部において、2000年8月より地磁気全磁力観測を行っている。火山性地震の震源域で熱消磁が起こった場合を想定して観測点を選定し、データは、オーブコムという衛星通信を利用して研究室へ転送している。今のところ火山活動に起因すると考えられるような変動は捉えられていないが、通信に関しては100%成功しており、小型・軽量・省電力のオーブコム通信を火口近傍の観測に利用する目処がたった。Variations of geomagnetic total intensities have been measured since August 2000 around the summit crater of Kuchierabujima volcano where phreatic eruptions were repeatedly occurred. The measurement sites were determined so as to detect the change in total intensity due to thermal demagnetization at hypocentral zone of volcanic earthquakes. The observed data are transferred to the office at Sakurajima through satellite telecommunication service called orbcomm. No volcanomagnetic effect has been observed by now. Data transfer via the orbcomm service has been perfectly working, which suggests that this concise system with a small lightweight body and low power consumption could be utilized for observations close to the active crater.

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  • 諏訪之瀬島火山の自然電位,全磁力測定 (京都大学防災研究所附属火山活動研究センターS)

    神田径, 森真陽, 橋本武志, 大島弘光

    第3回諏訪之瀬島火山の集中総合観測 平成10年10月   41 - 53   2000

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  • 諏訪之瀬島火山における地盤変動観測 (京都大学防災研究所附属火山活動研究センターS)

    山本圭吾, 井口正人, 高山鉄朗, 神田径, 大島弘光, 森済, 佐藤峰司, 増谷文雄, 奥田隆

    第3回諏訪之瀬島火山の集中総合観測 平成10年10月   19 - 26   2000

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  • Self-potential and Geomagnetic field surveys at Suwanosejima Volcano.

    41 - 54   2000

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  • Self-potential measurements in Satsuma-Iwojima

    Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Annuals.   43 ( B1 )   7 - 14   2000

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  • Geodetic observations at Suwanosejima Volcano

    19 - 26   2000

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  • 諏訪之瀬島火山における地盤変動観測 (共著)

    第3回諏訪之瀬火山の集中総合観測-1998年10月-   19 - 26   2000

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  • 諏訪之瀬島火山の自然電位,全磁力測定 (共著)

    第3回諏訪之瀬島火山の集中総合観測-1998年10月-   41 - 54   2000

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  • Self-potential surveying of Suwanosejima Volcano.

    神田径, 橋本武志, 大島弘光

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 42B-1 )   11 - 18   1999.9

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  • Self-Potential and Hydrothermal System in Sakurajima Volcano. (2).

    橋本武志, 田中良和, 西田泰典, 茂木透, 山本圭吾, 神田径, 平林順一, 石原和弘

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 42B-1 )   19 - 25   1999.9

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  • Self-potential and Hydrothermal System in Sakurajima Volcano(2)

    橋本 武志, 田中 良和, 西田 泰典, 茂木 透, 山本 圭吾, 神田 径, 平林 順一, 石原 和弘

    Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Annuals.   42 ( 1 )   19 - 25   1999.4

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    桜島火山東部において自然電位分布を測定した。海水面を等電位とみなして過去に得られた電位分布と接続することにより, 島を東西に横断する測線で約3分の2の長さにわたって電位分布を得ることができた。桜島の山頂部に向かって電位が高くなる傾向が認められることから, 島の中央部地下にその上昇部をもつ全島規模の熱水対流系が存在する可能性が示された。We conducted a self-potential survey in the eastern part of Sakurajima volcano. We combined the SP data with those of previous studies by assuming the equi-potential of the sea water. Consequently, we have obtained a SP profile across the Sakurajima from west to east, though the active summit area still remains to be measured. After the linear topographic correction, we found that the SP increases toward the summit of the volcano. It suggests a large hydrothermal convention cell of a whole-island scale with its upwelling part under the central vent.

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  • Self-potential surveying of Suwanosejima Volcano

    神田 径, 橋本 武志, 大島 弘光

    Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Annuals,   42 ( 1 )   11 - 18   1999.4

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    1998年10月に実施された第3回諏訪之瀬島火山の集中総合観測の観測項目の一つとして, 火山体の自然電位を測定した。諏訪之瀬島火山の自然電位分布には, 他の多くの火山で観測されたような, 四体中央部で平面的広がりが数kmの相対的に電位の高い異常領域が存在することが明らかとなり, 地下浅部での活発な熱水活動の存在が示唆された。また, 古い火口跡周辺でもやや規模の小さな正異常が存在し, 熱水活動の中心が御岳活動火口周辺だけではなく, 南西側にも存在している可能性があることがわかった。御岳旧火口周辺では, 空間的広がりは小さいながら明瞭な負の異常がみられたが, その成因等は今のところ明らかではない。In October 1998, we performed a self-potential measurement in the southern flank of Suwanosejima Volcano, as a part of the 3rd composite observation program of Suwanosejima Volcano. A large scale positive anomaly was revealed over the southern part of the volcano, which suggests the intensive hydrotbermal circulation beneath the active edifice of Otake. A moderate size positive anomaly was also recognized around the old crater of Negamidake located at the southwestern tip of the crater row. Hydrothermal system might be elongated along the crater row or developed even beneath the non-active old edifice. Around the old crater of Otake, a small but sharp negative anomaly was found, though its origin is unknown for lack of the data including volcanic gases.

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  • Self-potential measurements in Satsuma-Iwojima

    森 真陽, 神田 径, 井口 正人

    京都大学防災研究所年報   ( 43 )   7 - 14   1999

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    薩摩硫黄島で自然電位観測を行った結果, 硫黄岳では, 山麓から順に, 地形効果と考えられる低電位, 高電位勾配, 正異常の領域が見られ, 山頂火口付近をピークとする250mV程度のルート(√)字型の自然電位分布を示すことが明らかになった。山麓で見られた低電位は, 天水及び熱水の下降流に起因し, 高電位勾配は, 地質構造に深く関わっていると推測される。一方, 鬼界カルデラの境界付近では, 透水性の高い構造に起因すると考えられる負の異常が見られた。Shin&#039;you MORI, Wataru KANDA and Masato IGUCHISatsuma-Iwojima is located in the northwestern margin of the Kikai Caldera that erupted about 6300years before.Iwodake (rhyolitic lava dome) located at the eastern part of the island has continued its fumarolicactivity for hundreds years.Self-potential (S.P.) observation was aimed to reveal the hydrothermal systembeneath Satsuma-Iwojima volcano. A positive S.P. anomaly around the summit crater and a negative one at thefoot of Iwodake were observed. They can be interpreted as electrokinetic potentials assoceated with theascending and descending flows of the hydrothennal fluid, respectively. A large potential gradient observedaround 300m a.s.l. was suggested to be caused by the difference in geological structure. Compared with othervolcanoes, it is characteristic that magnitude of the positive anomaly is relatively smallHigh temperature vapor, which cannot carry the positive charge, and upward fluid flow beneath the active vent may contribute thispositive anomaly.

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  • 桜島火山の自然電位と熱水系(第2報) (共著)

    京都大学防災研究所年報   42 ( B-1 )   19 - 26   1999

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  • 桜島における高密度電気探査(共著)

    茂木透, 橋本武志, 神田径, 田中良和, 山本圭吾, 大羽成征, 大島弘光, 佐波瑞恵, 平林順一

    桜島火山の地下水・熱水系に関する研究   1999   103 - 108   1999

  • 諏訪之瀬島火山の自然電位分布 (共著)

    京都大学防災研究所年報   42 ( B-1 )   11 - 18   1999

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  • 九州地域におけるネットワークMT観測(続報)(共著)

    CA研究会1999年論文集   29 - 37   1999

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  • 理化学研究所「地震国際フロンティア研究」における電場・磁場観測(共著)

    上田 誠也, 服部 克巳, 工藤 健

    CA研究会1999年論文集   ( 1999 )   125 - 130   1999

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  • Electrical structure of Aso Volcano inferred from bipole-dipole method

    Hashimoto T., Mogi T., Munekane H., Ogawa T., Ono H., Sakanaka S., Shimoizumi M., Tanaka Y., Djedi S. W., Amita K., Handa S., Hase H., Ikoma Y., Kagiyama T., Kanda W., Koyama T., Masuda H.

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   1999   135 - 135   1999

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Volcanological Society of Japan  

    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.1999.2.0_135

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  • A TDEM experiment for revealing electrical image of Aso Volcano, Japan

    Kanda W, Mogi T, Munekane H, Ogawa T, Ono H, Sakanaka S, Shimoizumi M, Tanaka Y, Widarto D. S, Amita K, Handa S, Hase H, Hashimoto T, Ikoma Y, Kagiyama T, Koyama T, Masuda H

    PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS THE VOLCANOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN   1999 ( 0 )   134 - 134   1999

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:The Volcanological Society of Japan  

    DOI: 10.18940/vsj.1999.2.0_134

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  • ギリシャ、イオアニア観測点周辺における比抵抗調査(共著)

    CA研究会1998年論文集   233 - 242   1998

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  • スマトラ断層での地電流観測(共著)

    茂木 透, 田中 良和, Arsadi Edy M.

    CA研究会1998年論文集   ( 1998 )   115 - 120   1998

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  • 地殻活動と電磁気観測--ギリシャ、イオアニナ観測点周辺における比抵抗調査

    神田 径, 織原 義明, 上田 誠也

    Conductivity anomaly研究会論文集   ( 1998 )   233 - 242   1998

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  • ResistivitySurvey Across the Southern Part of the KyushuIsland

    Munekane Hiroshi, Kagiyama Tsuneomi, Utada Hisashi

    Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo   72 ( 1 )   19 - 65   1997

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    Other Link: http://hdl.handle.net/2261/13152

  • TDEM法を用いた地下深部の比抵抗構造の推定

    マグマ探査-現状と展望-論文集   61 - 69   1997

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  • ギリシャ,VANイオアニナ観測点周辺の比抵抗構造(共著)

    CA研究会1997年論文集   105 - 112   1997

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  • Resistivity model around Unzen Volcano inferred from TDEM experiment (共著)

    Proceedings of the Unzen International Workshop : Decade Volcano and Scientific Drilling   50 - 55   1997

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  • 比抵抗構造から見た雲仙火山のマグマ溜り(共著)

    CA研究会1996年論文集   85 - 94   1996

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  • ギリシャ,VANイオアニア観測点周辺におけるMT観測(共著)

    CA研究会1996年論文集   143 - 156   1996

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  • 島原半島西部におけるTDEM探査(序報)(共著)

    平成6年度科学研究費補助金・総合研究A(代表:太田 一也)研究成果報告書「雲仙岳における火山体構造探査の事前調査研究」   62 - 68   1995

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  • 宮崎-水俣測線ULFアレ-観測(共著)

    CA研究会1995年論文集   11 - 22   1995

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  • ULF array study along the Miyazaki-Minamata traverse in southern Kyushu.

    歌田久司, 鍵山恒臣, 神田径, 三品正明, 山本哲也, 山崎明

    日本列島下の3次元電気伝導度構造と地殻活動の研究2 平成6年度 No.05302022   11 - 22   1995

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  • TDEM survey in west part of Shimabara Peninsula. Preliminary report. ( Ministry of Education S )

    神田径, 歌田久司, 鍵山恒臣, 田中良和, 小山茂, 増谷文雄, 伊藤渉, 小河勉, 増田秀晴

    雲仙岳における火山体構造探査の事前調査研究 平成6年度 No.06306011   62 - 68   1995

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  • 霧島火山の深部比抵抗構造(1)(共著)

    東京大学地震研究所彙報   69   241 - 255   1994

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  • 宮城県北部におけるTDEM探査(共著)

    CA研究会1994年論文集   18 - 22   1994

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  • TDEM Sounding in Northan Part of Miyagi Prefecture.

    神田径, 歌田久司, 茂木透, 下泉政志

    日本列島下の3次元電気伝導度構造と地殻活動の研究1 平成5年度 No.05302022   18 - 22   1994

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  • Resistivity structure in the Hanaori fault zone inferred from TDEM Sounding

    KANDA W.

    Proc. 1993 CA Symp.   46 - 57   1993

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  • TDEM法による花折断層周辺の比抵抗構造(共著)

    CA研究会1993年論文集   46 - 57   1993

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Presentations

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Works

  • 口永良部島火山の集中総合観測(全磁力,電磁気構造)

    2000

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  • 薩摩硫黄島火山の集中総合観測(自然電位)

    1999

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  • 諏訪之瀬島火山の集中総合観測(自然電位,全磁力)

    1998 - 1999

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  • 阿蘇火山における火山体構造探査(電磁気構造)

    1998

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  • 伊東市周辺における電磁気構造調査

    1996 - 1999

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  • 雲仙火山における火山体構造探査(電磁気構造)

    1995

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  • ギリシャ,イオアニナVAN観測点周辺の電磁気構造調査

    1994

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  • 加久藤カルデラ周辺における電磁気構造共同観測

    1994

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  • 宮城県北部における電磁気構造共同観測

    1993

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  • 霧島火山における火山体構造探査(電磁気構造)

    1992 - 1994

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Research Projects

  • 衛星データによる火山熱水系の熱的・力学的状態変化の推移と新たな活動評価指標の開発

    Grant number:25K07415  2025.4 - 2029.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(C)

    神田 径, 成田 翔平

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  • Unveiling of the Preparation Process and Hazard Assessment of Phreatic Explosions in Volcanoes - An Approach Using Unmanned Aeromagnetic Survey

    Grant number:24K00728  2024.4 - 2028.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Grant amount:\18590000 ( Direct Cost: \14300000 、 Indirect Cost:\4290000 )

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  • A large-scale magmatic hydrothermal system acting on multiple volcanoes

    Grant number:21K03680  2021.4 - 2025.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

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    Grant amount:\4160000 ( Direct Cost: \3200000 、 Indirect Cost:\960000 )

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  • Real form of the cap structure of volcanic hydrothermal system and estimate of permeability

    Grant number:18K03777  2018.4 - 2022.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Kanda Wataru

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    Grant amount:\4420000 ( Direct Cost: \3400000 、 Indirect Cost:\1020000 )

    To clarify the subsurface structure of the volcanic hydrothermal system in a highly acidic environment, we constructed a flow experiment column device and tried to measure the electrical resistivity and the hydraulic conductivity simultaneously, but we could not obtain sufficient measurement results.
    In Tateyama Jigokudani, where the detailed resistivity structure was estimated, the distribution of soil diffuse CO2 flux and the hydraulic conductivity of the soil were measured, and the chemical analysis of the soil was performed. As a result, although the surface layer in the central part of Jigokudani is not as low in permeability as the clay layer in the peripheral part, we found that the hydraulic conductivity is reduced by silica minerals and sulfate minerals. Although the direct relationship between resistivity and permeability was not obtained, it is concluded that the low resistivity of the surface layer is caused by highly acidic fluids containing a large amount of ions.

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  • Comprehensive Survey of 2018 Kusatsu-Shirane Eruption

    Grant number:17K20141  2018.2 - 2019.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Special Purposes

    Ogawa Yasuo, Kaneko Takayuki, Ominato Takao, Ishimine Yasuhiro, Matsumoto Takane, Tamaguchi Satoru, Ito Yoichi, Tsunematsu Mae

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    Grant amount:\27040000 ( Direct Cost: \20800000 、 Indirect Cost:\6240000 )

    Motoshirane volcano had phreatic eruption on January 23, 2018 with casualties. This study aimed at the followings: (1) elucidating the eruption mechanism, (2) monitoring and prediction of on-going volcanic activity and (3) assessment of potential lahar. Despite the volcanic tremor two minutes prior to the eruption, we could not find significant precursory seismic activity. We observed temporal tilt changes at the borehole stations and they are explained by a crack inflation and deflation. We observed no anomalous surface temperature at the new vent in March, 2018, however, from the aeromagnetic survey, the temperature of the regional volcanic area at depth seems elevated over the years. The total ejected mass was estimated as 36,000 tons which is 1/10 of that of 2014 Mt. Ontake eruption. From the chemical analyses of the ash, the ejected gas has different origin from known fumaroles. We also made risk assessment of lahar.

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  • Integrated study on the 2015 eruption at the Kuchinoerabujima volcano

    Grant number:15H05794  2015.6 - 2016.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Special Purposes

    Iguchi Masato, KANDA Wataru, MORI Toshiya, GESHI Nobuo, TANAKA Hiroshi, SEKIYA Naoya, KURI Miwa, SAKAMOTO Mayumi, HASHIMOTO Manabu, NAKAO Shigeru, Ohminato Takao, MAKI Norio, ICHIKO Taro, YAMADA Takashi, JITOZONO Takashi, TANADA Toshikazu, TAMEGURI Takeshi, NAKAMICHI Haruhisa, SUZUKI Yujoro, TAKARADA Shinji, MIKI Daisuke, NAKADA Setsuya, KOBAYASHI Tetsuo, YAMAMOTO Keigo, SHINOHARA Hiroshi, NOGAMI Kenji, OZAWA Taku, MIWA Takahiro, NAGAI Masashi, KOYAMA Takao, OHKURA Takahiro

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    Grant amount:\29900000 ( Direct Cost: \29900000 )

    Discharge rate of volcanic gas, ground inflation, seismicity and geothermal activity successively increased prior to the eruption on May 29, 2015. Degassing and crystallization of magma proceeded at a shallow part beneath the crater. Explosion earthquake of 2014 eruption was larger than 2015 eruption, however eruption volume and intensity of eruption in 2015 was larger. Evacuation experience in 2014 eruption took an important role for evacuation planning and evacuation operation in 2015 eruption. No phenomena to show increase in volcanic activity were detected by instruments installed after the eruption in this project. Evaluation of activity by this project is useful to reduction of restricted zone and decision making for returning.

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  • Evaluation of phreatic eruption potential by the precise imaging of subsurface structure and the detection of ground deformation

    Grant number:25350494  2013.4 - 2016.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    Kanda Wataru, OGAWA YASUO, TANBO TOSHIYA, KOBAYASHI TOMOKADU

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    Grant amount:\4940000 ( Direct Cost: \3800000 、 Indirect Cost:\1140000 )

    We conducted the resistivity surveys, the ground deformation analysis of InSAR images, the thermal observation, and the geochemical analysis of hot-spring waters in the Jigokudani valley of Tateyama volcano, where phreatic eruptions repeatedly occurred in the past and the volcanic activity has been increasing. These analyses revealed a typical cap structure consisting of near-surface cap rock overlying a gas reservoir, which has been detected in many volcanoes known to undergo repeated phreatic eruptions. We confirmed that the shallow subsurface of the Jigokudani Valley is in the pressurized and high-temperature state. In addition, we clarified that all hot springs are formed by the mixing of magmatic fluid and local meteoric water and have a common parent fluid that differentiates into three types in the shallow hydrothermal system. From these findings, we consider that the shallow ground of Jigokudani Valley is satisfying the requirements for causing a phreatic eruption.

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  • Structure and mass movement of hydrothermal system beneath volcanoes related with failed eruptions

    Grant number:23310120  2011.4 - 2015.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, UTSUGI Mitsuru, OHSAWA Shinji, KANDA Wataru

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    Grant amount:\19890000 ( Direct Cost: \15300000 、 Indirect Cost:\4590000 )

    This study proposes a new model for failed eruptions which decrease a reliability of prediction of volcanic eruptions. The authors carried out MT survey around typical volcanoes which have frequent failed eruptions. Beneath active craters, vapor-dominant hydrothermal fluids, supplied from a deeper part, are maintained in a relatively low resistivity region that is covered by a clay-rich cap, extremely low resistivity layer. Exsolved gases result in fumarolic areas, and mixing of gases with shallow groundwater forms hot springs around volcanoes. The authors developed a new method to estimate mass flux of volcanic gases from electrical conductivity distribution, and applied Unzen volcanic area. The estimated value is consistent with geochemical and geodetic observations. This suggests that volcanic gases are steadily released from magma into the overlying groundwater flow system, and that effective degassing may be one of the factors controlling failed eruptions.

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  • Development of monitoring system for phreatic eruptions using electromagnetic induction and magnetic total force

    Grant number:22310109  2010 - 2012

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    OGAWA Yasuo, KANDA Wataru, NOGAMI Kenji

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    Grant amount:\17550000 ( Direct Cost: \13500000 、 Indirect Cost:\4050000 )

    We have developed a monitoring system for phreatic eruption environment (1) with electromagnetic induction method, which images resistivity model and (2) with magnetic total force stations, which detects the temporal changes of temperature at depth. Regarding the electromagnetic induction methods, we developed a coincident loop system, where transmitting and receiving loops with radius of 30m are located at the same location. Regarding the magnetic total forces, our measurements of four stations at Kusatsu-Shirane volcano found decreasing the magnetization of the volcanic edifice, which means that the volcanic body is cooling, although surface thermal areas are expanding at the Yugama crater. We interpret that the volcano is effectively releasing heat from the surface, but the volcano at 500m depth is cooling.

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  • General study on the eruption at Shinmoedake volcano, Kirishima, in 2011

    Grant number:22900001  2010 - 2011

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research 

    NAKADA Setsuya

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    A magmatic eruption event took place at Shinmoedake (Kirishima) Volcano in January 2011, leaving about 300 years of hiatus. Three subplinian explosions occurred on 26 and 27 January, which were followed by 4-day accumulation of lava at the summit crater. Vulcanican explosions were repeated from February to April, and a series of eruptions ended with phreatic explosions which occurred in June and September 2011. This eruption event was preceded by both phreatic explosions in 2008 and 2010 and elevated seismic activity in the regions surrounding Kirishima. GPS observation indicated that significant swelling of the magma chamber which located about 6 km NW of the Shinmoedake crater had continued since the end of 2009. Deflation of the magma chamber accompanied clearly subplinian explosions and the lava accumulation in the crater. The strain-meter observation showed small increases in pressure several tens of minutes prior to the subplinian explosions. Seismic array-observation during a series of vulcanian explosions showed that volcanic tremors occurred beneath the summit crater and between it and the magma chamber, supporting magma's migration from the magma chamber to the crater. The latter was confirmed by the absolute gravity measurement at the place just above the magma chamber. Inflation of the summit area, ncrease in the shallow earthquakes and decrease in the volcanic gas emitted from the crater were observed prior to the vulcanian explosions, strongly implying sealing of the conduit top preceding the explosions. It is considered that magma mixing occurred just before the eruption event because the products of the earliest stage consisted of two magmas with different compositions. The total volume of magma erupted in this event is estimated about 25 million m3, which is about 1/3 volume of the eruption 300 years ago.
    During this study, we tried two times to make the eruption scenario in which sequences of eruptions are indicated, based on records of eruptions of this volcano 300 years ago and of analogous volcanoes in and outside Japan. No significant mudflows occurred in this eruption event. It is considered that the reason is that the eruption products were mainly of pumice which has high permeability of rain water. Inflation of magma chamber resumed soon after the eruptions in January 2011 and continued by the end of 2011, reaching the same level before the eruption event. It almost stopped in the beginning of 2012, suggesting a halt of the magma supply from depth.

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  • Electromagnetic Imaging of Geofluid

    Grant number:21109003  2009.7 - 2014.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

    OGAWA Yasuo, FUJITA Kiyoshi, KANDA Wataru, MATSUSHIMA Masaki, YOSHINO Takashi, TOH Hiroaki, UYESHIMA Makoto, ICHIKI Masahiro, KOYAMA Takao

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    Grant amount:\168220000 ( Direct Cost: \129400000 、 Indirect Cost:\38820000 )

    From the detailed magnetotelluric observations around the Naruko volcano in the central NE Japan arc, we analyzed three-dimensional resistivity structure of the crust and the upper mantle. We found sub-vertical conductors beneath active volcanoes, Naruko and Onikobe, which imply existence of saline fluid reservoir. In the upper mantle, we imaged a conductor on top of the down-going plate. The conductor extends towards the Moho under the backbone ranges. We also found that it also has a branch toward west beneath volcanoes along the Japan Sea. From the experimental resistivity measurements of a fluid bearing rocks under lower crustal conditions, we found that those crustal conductors, found by magnetotelluric measurements, need high salinity fluids.

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  • Research on the true picture of magma supply system, which is supposed to be beneath the sea area, by means of the investigation of underground structure

    Grant number:21310116  2009 - 2012

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    KANDA Wataru, HASHIMOTO Takeshi, YAKIWARA Hiroshi, KASAYA Takafumi, OGAWA Yasuo, KOYAMA Takao, UTSUGI Mitsuru, ICHIHARA Hiroshi

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    Grant amount:\19760000 ( Direct Cost: \15200000 、 Indirect Cost:\4560000 )

    In order to clarify the corresponding electrical resistivity structure to the assumed magma reservoir and to the supply paths to Sakurajima volcano and to the submarine volcano, we have conducted the magnetotelluric (MT) measurement mainly along two traverse lines in the direction of WNW-ESE crossing the Aira caldera since 2009. The MT data at 44 sites in total, including 16 seafloor sites, were obtained for the last four years. As a result of 2-D and3-D inversions, a high conductive region extending from the lower crust along the Kagoshima graben was found from the central part of the caldera to the eastern part. This conductor is possibly the structure relevant to the magma supply system.

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  • Research on structure of volcano-geothermal system in NorthernTaiwan -Comparative study on both sides of Ryukyu Volcanic Arc

    Grant number:21403003  2009 - 2011

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, OHSAWA Shinji, UTSUGI Mitsuru, KANDA Wataru

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    Grant amount:\18460000 ( Direct Cost: \14200000 、 Indirect Cost:\4260000 )

    Tatun volcanic group (TGV), located in northern Taiwan has few magmatic eruption and has intense geothermal activity. MT survey and chemical analysis of hot spring water around TVG indicates that extreme high conductive areas were found around Chih sing shan Volcano.This result suggests that magmatic gas is mainly supplied beneath Chih sing shan Volcano and expanded around TVG. The area size of high conductive zone is estimated more than 4 square kilometers, suggesting degassing in TVG might be comparable with that in Beppugeothermal area, which is typical geothermal activity dominant volcano.

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  • 皆既日食に伴う重力音波共鳴を用いた固体地球-下層大気-超高層大気結合現象の解明

    Grant number:21654067  2009

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  挑戦的萌芽研究

    家森 俊彦, MORI James Jiro, 大志方 直人, 神田 径

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    Grant amount:\2800000 ( Direct Cost: \2800000 )

    下層大気の気圧変動が重力音波モートで上空に伝搬し、電離層高度で反射され発生する約3分-4分周期の共鳴振動の存在が推測されている。当研究では、日食時の総合的観測から、重力音波共鳴の特性とそれが電離層や固体地球におよぼす効果を定量的に解明することを目的とした。
    微気圧観測システムをトカラ列島(諏訪瀬島、中之島)、桜島、および屋久島の京都大学防災研究所の関係施設4ケ所、沖縄・琉球大学瀬底実験所、および奄美大島北高等学校、上海近郊2ケ所の計8ケ所に皆既日食前に設置、観測を開始した。諏訪瀬島、中之島、および沖縄にはフラックスゲート磁力計、諏訪瀬島および中之島にはGPS受信機も設置した。また、沖縄および阿蘇火山研究センターにはHFドップラー観測用アンテナおよび受信装置を設置した。
    上海近郊で得られた微気圧観測データおよびHF-Doppler観測データには、明瞭な音波共鳴周期に対応するスヘクトルビークが検出された。また、上海近郊の地磁気観測所で得られた磁場観測データにも音波共鳴に対応する周期にピークが見られた。ただし、地上の微気圧データに見られたピークは基本共鳴周期(fundamental made=約265秒)であるのに対し、電離層高度の震動を見ていると考えられるHF-Doppler観測データや地磁気観測データには、第一高調波(first overtone=約225秒)にピークが現れた。これは、微気圧震動が、電離層高度での電磁気的震動と比較して、局在化しているためか、あるいは振幅の高度変化と電離周電気伝導度の高度変化との位置関係によるものではないかと推測される。
    トカラ諸島や沖縄、屋久島等で行った観測では、上記共鳴周期付近にスヘクトルピークが現れる傾向が見られたが、必ずしも明瞭ではなかった。また、広帯域地震計のデータには、皆既口食に対応すると考えられる振動は検出できなかった。

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  • 活動的火口の精密電磁監視システム(VOLCANO-LOOP)

    Grant number:20651047  2008

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  萌芽研究

    小川 康雄, 神田 径, 山脇 輝夫

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    Grant amount:\3300000 ( Direct Cost: \3300000 )

    活動的な火山の火口直下の状態を、比抵抗を通して監視するシステム(VOLCANO-LOOP)を試作する。とくに、水蒸気爆発場における蒸気・熱水系の挙動に注目する。それは蒸気の発生によって比抵抗が上昇することが期待されるからである。火口縁を1周する送信電流ループと受信ループをはり、火口直下に絞って電磁信号を“照射"することによって、火口直下の構造を精密に監視するシステムを試作する。火口直下は重要でありながら、従来の方法では方法論的に観測自体が困難であるが、本方法ではそれが可能になり、火山噴火予知研究のbreakthroughとなる。
    まず、実際にループに電流を流す場合のステップ応答について、層状大地を仮定して、受信ループに生ずる気電力の時系列を数値計算した。また電場の分布の時間発展についても数値計算から考察し、late timeになると、誘導電流の分布が、鉛直下方ではなく、むしろ横方向に広がっていくことを確認した。また、水蒸気爆発を起こす草津白根火山を想定したモデル計算では、温度の上昇によってモンモリロナイト粘土キャップが薄くなることが想定されるが、それが観測でも検出できるか可能性をもしれない。
    また、VOLCANO-LOOPの探査装置を作成し、試験観測を行った。

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  • Research on structure of volcanic field and related magma activity for understanding preparing process of caldera eruptions

    Grant number:19310116  2007 - 2009

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, TAKEMURA Keiji, OHSAWA Shinji, KANDA Wataru, KOYAMA Takao, AOKI Yosuke

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    Grant amount:\18720000 ( Direct Cost: \14400000 、 Indirect Cost:\4320000 )

    This research proposed large volcanic eruptions such as forming caldera are prepared in 'Geothermal activity Dominant volcanoes', because magma stagnates beneath volcanoes and maintains geothermal activity. Magma degassing is one of the important factors to control magma stagnation, and found significant wide area of high conductive zone around GD volcanoes. Analysis of chemical components and isotopic data of hot springs detected dehydrated fluid from subducting oceanic plate, indicating magmatic contribution.

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  • Attempts to construct spatiotemporal variation models for magnetization structure of volcanic massif accounting for hydrothermal fluid flow

    Grant number:18540420  2006 - 2008

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

    KANDA Wataru, OKUBO Ayako, OKUBO Ayako

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    Grant amount:\3900000 ( Direct Cost: \3300000 、 Indirect Cost:\600000 )

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  • Detection of volcano-magnetic changes by aero-magnetic survey

    Grant number:15403007  2003 - 2005

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    TANAKA Yoshikazu, HASHIMOTO Takeshi, UTSUGI Mitsuru, KANDA Wataru, KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, OKURA Takahiro

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    Grant amount:\12900000 ( Direct Cost: \12900000 )

    Four persons made a voyage to White Island of the New Zealand, the proton magnetometer was installed in two points, and ground continuation magnetic field observation was started and also SP measurement was performed in 2003 fiscal year.
    While five persons made a voyage in the 2004 fiscal year and performing recovery of continuation magnetic field data and ground repetition magnetic field observation, the aero-magnetic survey of the airraid altitudes 50m and 100m was carried out with helicopter. Seven persons made a voyage in the Heisei 17 fiscal year, and the repetition magnetic survey in the ground and the air was carried out. Unfortunately, volcanic activity of the White Island was calm and remarkable magnetic change was not detected. However, the observation technical problem about an air magnetism survey was mostly solved through this research.
    Namely, the positioning of the flight sensor was achieved with installation of highly precise GPS receiver in the ground and a bird. It asks with an error 1m or less by carrying out differential analysis. It is necessary to detach 40m to avoid the influence of magnetization of a helicopter to the body, and a bird hanging system is excellent in it. The form and cylinder wings of a bird for obtaining a stable flight have been determined. The highly precise cesium magnetometer has owned at the university. The system which displays a GPS position on a PC screen in realtime, and is used for route guidance has been developed.
    It is also one of the results that it was able to be shown that a flight experiment can be repeated in the volcano in Aso, Kuju, Sakurajima, Bandai, and Asama ignited by this research, and an air magnetic survey can carry out comparatively easily also by the researcher of a university.
    The subject which especially catches a volcanic magnetic field change by the air magnetic survey which was the big target of this research has been attained by having obtained the result which detects ground observation and a conformable volcanic magnetic field change of 50nT from the analysis of the air magnetism survey data in 1996 in the Kuju volcano, and 2004.
    These research results presented in the study group of the ISAG2006 air physics inquiry international symposium held in Tsukuba in January, 2006.

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  • 薩摩硫黄島の火山活動に伴う自然電位変動に関する三宅島火山との比較研究

    Grant number:14740267  2002 - 2004

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  若手研究(B)

    神田 径

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    Grant amount:\3200000 ( Direct Cost: \3200000 )

    今年度も、薩摩硫黄島火山における自然電位連続観測および傾斜観測を継続して行った。経費の大半は、これらの観測の維持のための消耗品と旅費に充てられた。しかし、夏以降の相次ぐ猛烈な台風の直撃によって、2箇所の観測装置が被害を受け、また、強酸性火山ガスによる腐食のため、計測不能となった。なお、連続観測のための装置は、研究機関終了に伴い撤収した。
    昨年度から低調に推移していた硫黄岳の火山活動は、今年度後半にはさらに低調になった。顕著な微動は発生しておらず、有意な電位変動も得られなかった。火口周辺の様子は、2004年10月には昨年度までとほとんど変わっていなかったが、今年度末の観察では大きな変化が見られた。南側の火口縁を除き、堆積していた火山灰が流され、地面が露出した状態に戻っていた。これは、火山灰放出活動がほぼ停止していることを示唆している。火口内は、目視で極短時間観察することができただけだったが、黒色物質が火口底数箇所から噴出されている状況が確認できた。水分を含まない極めて高温の土砂噴出活動と思われる。
    硫黄岳山麓から山頂までの自然電位測定の結果、昨年度までとほぼ同じプロファイルが得られた。双極子型ソースを仮定したトモグラフィーも行ってみたが、最近5年間でソースの位置はほとんど変化していない。以上のことから、1998年頃より顕著になった硫黄岳の火山活動は、火口を徐々に拡大してゆく活動であり、現在はほぼ終息状況にあると考えられる。三宅島で観測された傾斜ステップは力学的にも電磁気学的にも観測されなかった。これは地下水の賦存状況の違いを反映していると思われる。硫黄岳山体は一種の溶岩ドームと見なせ、極めて高温のため地下水が地表付近に存在し得ない。従って、三宅島とほぼ同様の火口拡大の活動を行っても、クラックへの地下水の流入は起こり得ず、三宅島のような爆発的活動にもならなかったと考えられる。

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  • Development of the ACTIVE system : an Array of Controlled Transientelectromagnetics to Image Volcanic Environment

    Grant number:12554014  2000 - 2002

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    UTADA Hisasi, SHIMIZU Hisayoshi, UYESHIMA Makoto, KAGIYAMA Tsuneomi, YAMAMOTO Tetsuya, KANDA Wataru

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    Grant amount:\13300000 ( Direct Cost: \13300000 )

    This three-year project was carried out to develop an accurate system (ACTIVE) to monitor active volcanoes by a controlled electromagnetic method.
    In 2000, numerical simulation studies were made to determine the optimal array configuration to monitor the structural change due to volcanic activity of Izu-Oshima. Observation system was designed, such as transmitter circuits, sensitivity of the receiver, and record length, and then prototype instruments (one transmitter and two receivers) were manufactured.
    In 2001, field test experiment was carried out twice around the Mihara-yama, the central cone of Izu-Oshima volcano. The first experiment was intended to debug the system, while the second experiment aimed to explore 3-D conductivity distribution around the central cone. In addition to these experimental efforts, we developed a scheme to image time changes in the electrical conductivity structure.
    In 2002, automatic repeated measurement was started in August, 2002, using the transmitter dipole installed last year and five receivers newly installed around the central pit crater. Data acquisition have been repeated once every two days (from 2-3 AM). Time series data are recorded in a PC card that is attached in the receiver. PC cards from all instruments were retrieved once every two months and data processing were adopted to monitor the conductivity charge. Imaging program was also applied to the experimental data but so far no significant change was obtained.
    Our repeated measurement indicated no significant change, because the activity of Izu-Oshima volcano still remains very low. On the other hand, we re-examined changes i n the apparent resistivity observed before the 1986 summit eruption and found that they can be explained by pre-eruptive migration of magma in the conduit. Further numerical experiments clearly showed that the ACTIVE system would be able to image the magma migration before the 1986 eruption with a high accuracy.

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  • 火山体浅部の蓄熱状況の変動と全磁力変化の定量化に関する研究

    Grant number:12740261  2000 - 2001

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  奨励研究(A)

    神田 径

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    Grant amount:\2200000 ( Direct Cost: \2200000 )

    今年度は、年次計画に従い、衛星通信を利用した口永良部島火山での全磁力連続観測を前年度から継続して行った。2001年春頃より、地震活動の活発化とともに新岳南側の観測点で全磁力値が減少傾向を示し、熱消磁現象を捉えている可能性が見出された。火山地域で観測される地磁気変化には様々な成分が含まれるので、この変化が火山活動に起因した変化かどうか、地点差データの定常成分を補正する時系列予測フィルターを開発した。その結果、2001年4〜5月頃より、まず新岳火口南の観測点(C1)が減少を始め、やや遅れて古岳南の観測点(Bl)も減少を始めたことが明らかとなった。両者の変化は10月半ば頃までにほぼ同じ変化量(〜5nT)となり、一旦変化が止まった状態で推移したが、11月終り頃より再びC1・B1共にほぼ同じ変化率で減少を始め、現在も消磁が進行していると考えられる。また、前年度から開発を行っている全磁力数値シミュレータを3次元へと拡張した。直方体状物体の集合により任意の磁化構造を計算することができるので、口永良部島火山の実際の地形をモデル化し、観測された熱消磁的変動を説明する磁化構造変化モデルの構築を試みた。これまでのところ、数値的に説明できるモデルは得られていないが、傾向としては、新岳火口直下1km以浅で消磁が始まり、やや南方へ拡大してゆくモデルが最もよくデータを説明している。一方、深部から浅部へ徐々に消磁が進行してゆくモデルでは観測されたデータの傾向を説明できないことがわかり、火山体浅部に熱の蓄積場が存在することが示唆された。モデル化のために行った比抵抗構造調査と自然電位調査の結果からは、火山体浅部に低比抵抗層が広く分布し、緩やかな自然電位正異常を形成していることがわかった。これらは、熱水対流系が存在し蓄熱場と密接に関連していることを示唆するので、今後、熱輸送モデルに組み入れる必要がある。

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  • 地殻内比抵抗変化自動測定システムの開発

    Grant number:10740223  1998 - 1999

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  奨励研究(A)

    神田 径

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    Grant amount:\2100000 ( Direct Cost: \2100000 )

    今年度は,昨年度に試作した直流送信装置を試験運転し,得られたデータの評価を行った。まず,大地の接地抵抗をエミュレートできるような抵抗アレイを製作した。最大で250V,5Aの出力がかかるので,電流送信時の大きな発熱量に耐えられるように300W,15Ωのホーロー抵抗5本を組み合せ,3〜75Ωの範囲の抵抗値で実験した。その結果,45Ωの抵抗値までは最大出力の5Aの電流を流すことができたが,それより抵抗値が大きい場合は流れる電流値が減り,75Ωの抵抗値では3A強の電流値までしか流すことができない,という期待通りの振る舞いが得られた。送信チャンネルの自動切替えや,一日程度の連続運転も問題なく行えた。
    昨年度に準備した,送受信電極および送信用ケーブルを用いて,実際の大地にも電流を流してみた。電極はシュランベルジャ法配置にし,電位差データの記録には,現有のデータロガーを用いた。送信ダイポールは,300mおよび100mの二側線を自動で切り替えて用いた。桜島の表層を覆う溶岩のため,接地抵抗が200〜500Ω程度と大きく,最大でも約1Aの電流値しか流せなかった。得られたデータは,数百回のスタッキングにより電位差が読み取れるまでS/Nが改善されたが,ゆらぎが大きく,信号強度を大幅に改善しなければ,精度の良い時間変化の検出は望めないと思われる。大羽(1998)の見積りによれば,10A×1kmの電流モーメントを送信したとしても,桜島の火山爆発で期待される比抵抗変化は検出限界程度の大きさででしかないからである。火山地域で運用することを考えれば,本研究で開発した装置の,商用電源からパワーを得る仕様は不利であることを痛感した。例えば,12Vのカーバッテリを8〜10個直列に接続すれば,100VのDC入力電圧が得られるので,そのように入力部の仕様を変更すれば,山頂付近でも電源の問題は解決できる。

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Social Activities

  • 火山学・総合土砂災害対策コース講師

    Role(s): Lecturer

    国際協力機構  2011.8 - 2012.7

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    Type:Certification seminar

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  • 大気電場観測の指導(SSH事業)

    Role(s): Advisor

    鹿児島県立錦江湾高等学校  2008.4 - 2010.3

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    Type:Research consultation

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Academic Activities

  • proposal reviewer

    Role(s): Review, evaluation, Peer review

    オランダ研究評議会  2025.4 - 2025.5

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    Type:Scientific advice/Review 

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  • proposal reviewer

    Role(s): Review, evaluation

    2015.12

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    Type:Scientific advice/Review 

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